Impacts of Electric Road Systems on the German and Swedish Electricity Systems—An Energy System Model Comparison

This study analyses the impacts of electrification of the transport sector, involving both static charging and electric road systems (ERS), on the Swedish and German electricity systems. The impact on the electricity system of large-scale ERS is investigated by comparing the results from two model packages: 1) a modeling package that consists of an electricity system investment model (ELIN) and electricity system dispatch model (EPOD); and 2) an energy system investment and dispatch model (SCOPE). The same set of scenarios are run for both model packages and the results for ERS are compared. The modeling results show that the additional electricity load arising from large-scale implementation of ERS is mainly, depending on model and scenario, met by investments in wind power in Sweden (40–100%) and in both wind (20–75%) and solar power (40–100%) in Germany. This study also concludes that ERS increase the peak power demand (i.e., the net load) in the electricity system. Therefore, when using ERS, there is a need for additional investments in peak power units and storage technologies to meet this new load. A smart integration of other electricity loads than ERS, such as optimization of static charging at the home location of passenger cars, can facilitate efficient use of renewable electricity also with an electricity system including ERS. A comparison between the results from the different models shows that assumptions and methodological choices dictate which types of investments are made (e.g., wind, solar and thermal power plants) to cover the additional demand for electricity arising from the use of ERS. Nonetheless, both modeling packages yield increases in investments in solar power (Germany) and in wind power (Sweden) in all the scenarios, to cover the new electricity demand for ERS

Impact of implementation of ERS on the German and Swedish electricity system

The climate benefit from an introduction of Electric Road Systems (ERS) and an increase in the share of electromobility will be determined by the impact on the electricity generation which will be different between countries, depending on the characteristics of the electricity system such as the conditions for renewable electricity.An electrification of the transport sector through electric vehicles (EVs) with static charging and/or ERS introduces a new demand to the electricity system, and hence, will create new load profiles depending on the time of consumption and the amount of electricity used in EVs. Depending on electrification strategy, this new demand may introduce a potential for EVs to provide demand-side management to the power grid. The overall aim of this work is to apply two different electricity systems models to investigate how an electrification of the transport sector could impact the Swedish and German electricity system with respect to energy and power

Essay on the Cerebral Cortex

Bonin, G. Essay on the cerebral cortex. Springfield: Charles C Thomas, 1950 Book reviewhttps://digitalcommons.rockefeller.edu/jason-brown-library/1017/thumbnail.jp

Correspondence with Gerhardt Von Bonin

April-December 1931, October 1936. 10 letters

Electricity supply to electric road systems : Impacts on the energy system and environment

This study analyses how an electrification of the transport sector, including static charging and electric road systems (ERS), could impact the Swedish and German electricity system. The integration of ERS in the electricity system is analysed using: (i) a model-package consisting of an electricity system investment model (ELIN) and electricity system dispatch model (EPOD) and (ii) an energy system investment and dispatch model (SCOPE). The models are run for the same sets of scenarios and methodological differences and results are compared. The modelling results from the CollERS project show that the additional electricity demand from a large-scale implementation of ERS (i.e., a German-Swedish ERS corridor and connecting main road network) is mainly met by investments in wind power in Sweden and both wind and solar power in Germany. Since ERS will take some time to scale up, the modelling shows that there should be enough time for the electricity system to be transformed to meet demand for ERS while also meeting the goals on greenhouse gas reduction. It can be concluded that ERS are increasing the peak power demand (i.e., the net load) in the electricity system. Therefore, there is a need for more investments in peak power units and storage technologies when using ERS. A smart integration of other electricity demand, such as optimisation of the static charging at the home location of passenger cars, can facilitate an efficient use of renewable electricity also with ERS. Thus, it is important that ERS are evaluated and assessed in connection to corresponding assessment of electrification technologies of passenger cars and other sectors, including the industry sector where there are already plans for electrification (e.g. iron and steel, cement and petrochemical industry). The model comparison shows that different assumptions and methodological choices impact what kind of investments are taken, such as in wind, solar and thermal power plants to cover an additional demand from the use of ERS. However, an increase in investments in solar power (Germany) and wind power (Sweden) can be seen in all scenarios to cover the new demand for ERS.Swedish-German research collaboration on Electric Road Systems.Additional information and resources can be found on the web: www.electricroads.orgSwedish-German Research Collaboration on Electric Road Systems (CollERS