253 research outputs found

    CALIDAD DE VIDA Y SOLEDAD PERCIBIDA EN CUIDADORES INFORMALES DE PERSONAS MAYORES

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    Treball Final de Grau en Psicologia. Codi: PS1048. Curs: 2019/2020The increase in the older adult population, increase in a proportionality way the deterioration at the physical-cognitive level, generating a situation of dependency and vulnerability in many individuals, for which reason one of the family members must assume the role of informal caregiver. Playing this role has certain implications that can directly affect quality of life and experience feelings of loneliness both emotionally and socially. As a result of the demand for constant attention and agile assistance in an emergency, ICTs through home telecare terminals, allow constant monitoring of the user, able to identify any type of emergency, giving greater autonomy to both people with dependency and those informal caregivers. This study aims to identify the relationship between quality of life and perceived loneliness in informal caregivers, determining the effects of those who use the ICT care service on those who do not.El incremento de la población adulta mayor, eleva de forma proporcional el deterioro a nivel físicocognitivo, generando una situación de dependencia y vulnerabilidad en muchos individuos, por lo que uno de los integrantes familiares debe asumir el rol de cuidador informal. Desempeñar este rol conlleva ciertas implicaciones que pueden afectar directamente en la calidad de vida y experimentar sentimientos de soledad tanto a nivel emocional como social. Fruto de la demanda de una constante atención y asistencia ágil en caso de urgencia, las TICs por medio de los terminales de teleasistencia domiciliaria, permiten una monitorización constante del usuario, capaz de identificar cualquier tipo de emergencia, dotando de mayor autonomía tanto a las personas con dependencia como aquellos cuidadores informales. Por medio de este estudio se pretende identificar la relación entre la calidad de vida y soledad percibida en cuidadores informales, determinando los efectos de aquellos que utilizan el servicio de TICs asistenciales respecto a los que no

    A precise, General, Non-Invasive and Automatic Speed Estimation Method for MCSA Steady-State Diagnosis and Efficiency Estimation of Induction Motors in the 4.0 Industry

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    Tesis por compendio[ES] Hay dos aspectos cruciales a la hora de operar motores de inducción en la industria: la estimación de su eficiencia (para minimizar el consumo de energía) y su diagnóstico (para evitar paradas intempestivas y reducir los costes de mantenimiento). Para estimar la eficiencia del motor es necesario medir tensiones y corrientes. Por ello, resulta conveniente y muy útil utilizar la misma corriente para diagnosticar también el motor (Motor Current Signature Analysis: MCSA). En este sentido, la técnica MCSA más adecuada es aquella basada en la localización de armónicos de fallo en el espectro de la corriente de línea del estator en régimen permanente, pues esta es la condición de funcionamiento de la mayoría de los motores de inducción de la industria. Por otro lado, dado que la frecuencia de estos armónicos depende de la velocidad, resulta imprescindible conocer esta magnitud con precisión, ya que esto permite localizar correctamente los armónicos de fallo, y, por tanto, reducir las posibilidades de falsos positivos/negativos. A su vez, una medida precisa de la velocidad también permite calcular con precisión la potencia mecánica, lo que se traduce en una estimación más exacta del rendimiento. Por último, para adaptarse a las necesidades de la Industria 4.0, en la que se monitoriza continuamente un gran número de motores, la velocidad también debe ser obtenida de manera no invasiva, automática y para cualquier motor de inducción. A este respecto, dado que la medición precisa de la velocidad a través de un encóder es invasiva y costosa, las técnicas de estimación de velocidad sin sensores (SSE en inglés) se convierten en la mejor opción. En la primera parte de esta tesis se realiza un análisis exhaustivo de las familias de técnicas SSE presentes en la literatura técnica. Como se demuestra en ella, aquellos métodos basados en armónicos de ranura (RSHs en inglés) y en armónicos laterales de frecuencia rotacional (RFSHs) son potencialmente los únicos que pueden satisfacer todos los requisitos mencionados anteriormente. Sin embargo, como también se demuestra en esta parte, y hasta esta tesis, siempre había existido un compromiso entre la precisión (característica de los RSHs) y la aplicabilidad general del método (característica de los RFSHs). En la segunda parte, y núcleo de esta tesis, se presenta una metodología que acaba con este compromiso, proporcionando así el primer método de estimación de velocidad preciso, general, no invasivo y automático para el diagnóstico en estado estacionario MCSA y la estimación de la eficiencia de motores de inducción que operan en un contexto de Industria 4.0. Esto se consigue desarrollando una novedosa técnica basada en RSHs que, por primera vez en la literatura técnica, elimina la necesidad de conocer/estimar el número de ranuras del rotor, lo que había impedido hasta la fecha que estos métodos fueran de aplicación general. Esta técnica proporciona además un procedimiento fiable y automático para localizar la familia de RSHs en el espectro de la corriente de línea de un motor de inducción. De igual forma y sin la ayuda de un experto, la técnica es capaz de determinar los parámetros necesarios para estimar la velocidad a partir de los RSHs, utilizando medidas tomadas en régimen estacionario. La metodología es validada utilizando motores con diferentes características y tipos de alimentaciones, empleando para ello simulaciones, pruebas de laboratorio y 105 motores industriales. Además, se muestra un caso de aplicación industrial en el que el algoritmo desarrollado se implementa en un sistema de monitorización continua mediante MCSA, lo que acaba conduciendo al descubrimiento de un nuevo fallo en motores sumergibles de pozo profundo: el desgaste de los anillos de cortocircuito. Por último, se presenta una segunda aplicación directa para este tipo de motores derivada del procedimiento de detección de RSHs: el uso de estos armónicos para diagnosticar, en fase temprana, cortocircuitos entre espiras.[CA] Hi ha dos aspectes crucials a l'hora d'operar motors d'inducció en la indústria: l'estimació de la seua eficiència (per a minimitzar el consum d'energia) i el seu diagnòstic (per a evitar parades intempestives i reduir els costos de manteniment). Per a estimar l'eficiència del motor és necessari mesurar tensions i corrents. Per això, resulta convenient i molt útil utilitzar el mateix corrent per a diagnosticar també el motor (Motor Current Signature Analysis: MCSA). En aquest sentit, la tècnica MCSA més adequada és aquella basada en la localització d'harmònics de fallada en l'espectre del corrent de línia de l'estator en règim permanent, ja que aquesta és la condició de funcionament de la majoria dels motors d'inducció de la indústria. D'altra banda, atés que la freqüència d'aquests harmònics depén de la velocitat, resulta imprescindible conéixer aquesta magnitud amb precisió, ja que això permet localitzar correctament els harmònics de fallada i, per tant, reduir les possibilitats de falsos positius/negatius. Al seu torn, una mesura precisa de la velocitat també permet calcular amb precisió la potència mecànica, la qual cosa es tradueix en una estimació més exacta del rendiment. Finalment, per a adaptar-se a les necessitats de la Indústria 4.0, en la qual es monitora contínuament un gran nombre de motors, la velocitat també ha de ser obtinguda de manera no invasiva, automàtica i per a qualsevol motor d'inducció. En aquest sentit, atès que el mesurament precís de la velocitat a través d'un encóder és invasiva i costosa, les tècniques d'estimació de velocitat sense sensors (SSE en anglés) es converteixen en la millor opció. En la primera part d'aquesta tesi es realitza una anàlisi exhaustiva de totes les famílies de tècniques SSE presents en la literatura tècnica. Com es demostra en ella, aquells mètodes basats en harmònics de ranura (RSHs en anglès) i harmònics laterals de freqüència rotacional (RFSHs en anglés) són els més prometedors, ja que son potencialment els únics que poden satisfer tots els requisits esmentats anteriorment. No obstant això, com també es demostra en aquesta part, i fins a aquesta tesi, sempre havia existit un compromís entre la precisió (característica dels RSHs) i l'aplicabilitat general del mètode (característica dels RFSHs). En la segona part, i nucli d'aquesta tesi, es presenta una metodologia que acaba amb aquest compromís, proporcionant així el primer mètode d'estimació de velocitat precís, general, no invasiu i automàtic per al diagnòstic en estat estacionari MCSA i l'estimació de l'eficiència de motors d'inducció que operen en un context d'Indústria 4.0. Això s'aconsegueix desenvolupant una nova tècnica basada en RSHs que, per primera vegada en la literatura tècnica, elimina la necessitat de conéixer/estimar el nombre de ranures del rotor, cosa que havia impedit fins avui que aquests mètodes foren d'aplicació general. Aquesta tècnica proporciona a més un procediment fiable i automàtic per a localitzar la família de RSHs en l'espectre del corrent de línia d'un motor d'inducció. De la mateixa forma i sense l'ajuda d'un expert, la tècnica és capaç de determinar els paràmetres necessaris per a estimar la velocitat a partir dels RSHs, utilitzant mesures preses en règim estacionari. La metodologia és validada utilitzant motors amb diferents característiques i condicions d'alimentació, emprant per a això simulacions, proves de laboratori i 105 motors industrials. A més, es mostra un cas real d'aplicació industrial en el qual l'algoritme desenvolupat és implementat en un sistema de monitoratge continu mitjançant MCSA, la qual cosa acaba conduint al descobriment d'una nova fallada en motors submergibles de pou profund: el desgast dels anells de curtcircuit. Finalment, es presenta una segona aplicació directa per a aquest tipus de motors derivada del procediment de detecció de RSHs: l'ús d'aquests harmònics per a diagnosticar, en fase primerenca, curtcircuits entre espires.[EN] There are two crucial aspects when operating induction motors in industry: efficiency estimation (to minimize energy consumption) and diagnosis (to avoid untimely outages and reduce maintenance costs). To estimate the motor's efficiency, it is necessary to measure voltages and currents. Hence, it is convenient and very useful using the same current to also diagnose the motor (Motor Current Signature Analysis: MCSA). In this regard, the most suitable MCSA technique is that based on locating fault harmonics in the spectrum of the stator line current under steady-state, as this is the operating condition of most induction motors in industry. Since the frequency of these harmonics depends on the speed, it becomes essential to be able to know this magnitude with precision, as this makes it possible to correctly locate the fault harmonics, and therefore, reduce the chances of false positives/negatives. In turn, an accurate speed information also allows to calculate the mechanical power with precision, which results in a more accurate estimation of the motor performance. Finally, to adapt to the needs of 4.0 Industry, where large numbers of motors are continuously monitored, the speed must not only be obtained very accurately, but also non-invasively, automatically (without the need for an expert) and for any induction motor. In this regard, since precise speed measurement through a shaft sensor is invasive and expensive, Sensorless Speed Estimation (SSE) techniques become the best option. The first part of this thesis conducts a thorough analysis of all the families of SSE techniques present in the technical literature. As demonstrated therein, those techniques based on Slotting and Rotational Frequency Sideband Harmonics are the most promising, as they can potentially meet all the aforementioned requirements. However, as also proved in this part, and up to this thesis, there had always been a trade-off between accuracy, characteristic of Rotor Slot Harmonics (RSHs), and general applicability, characteristic of Rotational Frequency Sideband Harmonics (RFSHs). The second part, and core of this thesis, presents a methodology that ends with this trade-off between accuracy and general applicability, thus providing the first precise, general, noninvasive and automatic speed estimation method for MCSA steady-state diagnosis and efficiency estimation of induction motors that operate in a 4.0 Industry context. This is achieved by developing a novel RSH-based technique that, for the first time in technical literature, eliminates the need to know/estimate the number of rotor slots, which had so far prevented these techniques to be generally applicable. This technique also provides a reliable and automatic procedure to, from among the high number of significant harmonics present in the spectrum of the line current of an induction motor, locate the RSHs family. Also automatically and without the help of an expert, the technique is able to determine the parameters needed to estimate speed from RSHs, using only measurements taken during the motor normal operation at steady-state. The methodology is validated using motors with different characteristics and supply conditions, by simulations, lab tests and with 105 industrial motors. Furthermore, a real industrial case of application is shown as well, where the speed estimation algorithm is implemented in a continuous motor condition monitoring system via MCSA, which eventually leads to the discovery of a new fault in deep-well submersible motors: the wear of end-rings. Finally, a second direct application derived from the reliable and automatic procedure to detect RSHs is presented: the use of these harmonics to diagnose early-stage inter-turn faults in induction motors of deep-well submersible pumps.Bonet Jara, J. (2023). A precise, General, Non-Invasive and Automatic Speed Estimation Method for MCSA Steady-State Diagnosis and Efficiency Estimation of Induction Motors in the 4.0 Industry [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/194269Compendi

    ¿Es el Riesgo Epidemiológico un concepto de ruptura? Una discusión acerca de sus alcances y trascendencia epistemológica

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    En tomo a los años cincuenta se produce una importante modificación en la práctica y en la teoría epidemiológica vinculada a la incorporación plena del concepto de riesgo y a la metodología estadística asociada él. Paralelamente se suele caracterizar a este período, marcado por la prevalencia de las enfermedades crónicas, como de la. "transición epidemiológica", destacando de esa manera el supuesto carácter de respuesta a un desafío impuesto por la naturaleza y del que surgiría la epidemiología moderna

    El papel de los factores culturales y académicos en el desarrollo de la Epidemiología

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    El objetivo de este trabajo, consiste en analizar con algún detalle algunos de los factores que intervinieron en el proceso de profesionalización de la epidemiología. Sobre todo aquellos que consideramos más relevantes para la comprensión del abandono por parte de los epidemiólogos de toda pretensión de hallar una ley natural y causal propia de los fenómenos epidémicos, cuestión que ya analizamos en trabajos anteriores en los que indicábamos la necesidad de profundizar en los aspectos tanto académicos como culturales de estos procesos

    A Precise, General, Non-Invasive and Automatic Speed Estimation Method for MCSA Diagnosis and Efficiency Estimation of Induction Motors

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    [EN] Efficiency estimation and diagnosis via MCSA require precise knowledge of speed. In an industrial environment, speed must be obtained with a non-invasive, automatic and general method. Recent studies have shown that Sensorless Speed Estimation techniques based on detecting Rotational Frequency Sideband Harmonics (RFSHs) or Rotor Slot Harmonics (RSHs) are best suited to these purposes. RFSHs-based methods are easier to apply as they only depend on the number of poles. RSHs-based are much more accurate due to their wider bandwidth. Yet, their use is not trivial as they require to identify the RSHs family, assign to each RSH its order of the current harmonic (¿) and determine the number of rotor slots (R), a rarely known parameter. This paper ends with this trade-off between accuracy and applicability by proposing a novel RSHs-based technique that, for the first time in technical literature, eliminates the need to estimate the number of rotor slots and provides a reliable and automatic procedure to locate the RSHs family and determine their ¿ indices. Finally, the method is validated under all types of conditions and motor designs, by simulations, lab tests and with 105 industrial motors, highlighting its high accuracy (errors below 0.05 rpm), and applicability.This work was supported by the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia and the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities [FPU19/02698]Bonet-Jara, J.; Pons Llinares, J. (2023). A Precise, General, Non-Invasive and Automatic Speed Estimation Method for MCSA Diagnosis and Efficiency Estimation of Induction Motors. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion. 38(2):1257-1267. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEC.2022.32208531257126738

    Multicentric recurrent parotid pleomorphic adenoma in a child

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    Mixed tumours of the parotid gland are rare in childhood and recurrence of this tumour is infrequent. Some authors report a higher rate of recurrence with some histological subtypes, like hypocellular variant. Female sex and young age at initial treatment are also risk factor for recurrence. Also the first surgical treatment, tumour enucleation or parotidectomy, has been implicated as a cause for recurrence. We present a case of a multicentric doubly recurrent parotid pleomorphic adenoma, 7 and 14 years after tumour enucleation, in a 9-year-old child. All the nodules resected showed the hypocellular variant of pleomorphic adenoma. We consider the relationships between the choice of treatment, the histologic subtypes of pleomorphic adenomas and multifocal tumours and recurrence. In this case, we believe the recurrence was related to surgical enucleation previously performed and the hypocellular histological subtype. We conclude that tumour enucleation is a risk factor for recurrence and total parotidectomy is the treatment of choice for pleomorphic parotid adenoma also in childhood

    Causalidad e inducción en epidemiología

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    En el presente trabajo se intenta seguir con algún detalle esta evolución de las nociones de causalidad empleadas. Sin embargo, un problema, que se puede considerar en cierta medida emergente de ella, ha adquirido cierta relevancia en la discusión que - entre los epidemiólogos - se da sobre los fundamentos metodológicos y epistemológicos de su disciplina

    The DNL absorbing boundary condition: applications to wave problems

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    A general methodology for developing absorbing boundary conditions is presented. For planar surfaces, it is based on a straightforward solution of the system of block difference equations that arise from partial discretization in the directions transversal to the artificial boundary followed by discretization on a constant step 1D grid in the direction normal to the boundary. This leads to an eigenvalue problem of the size of the number of degrees of freedom in the lateral discretization. The eigenvalues are classified as right- or left-going and the absorbing boundary condition consists in imposing a null value for the ingoing modes, leaving free the outgoing ones. Whereas the classification is straightforward for operators with definite sign, like the Laplace operator, a virtual dissipative mechanism has to be added in the mixed case, usually associated with wave propagation phenomena, like the Helmholtz equation. The main advantage of the method is that it can be implemented as a black-box routine, taking as input the coefficients of the linear system, obtained from standard discretization (FEM or FDM) packages and giving on output the absorption matrix. We present the application of the DNL methodology to typical wave problems, like Helmholtz equations and potential flow with free surface (the ship wave resistance and sea-keeping problems)

    The DNL absorbing boundary condition: applications to wave problems

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    A general methodology for developing absorbing boundary conditions is presented. For planar surfaces, it is based on a straightforward solution of the system of block difference equations that arise from partial discretization in the directions transversal to the artificial boundary followed by discretization on a constant step 1D grid in the direction normal to the boundary. This leads to an eigenvalue problem of the size of the number of degrees of freedom in the lateral discretization. The eigenvalues are classified as right- or left-going and the absorbing boundary condition consists in imposing a null value for the ingoing modes, leaving free the outgoing ones. Whereas the classification is straightforward for operators with definite sign, like the Laplace operator, a virtual dissipative mechanism has to be added in the mixed case, usually associated with wave propagation phenomena, like the Helmholtz equation. The main advantage of the method is that it can be implemented as a black-box routine, taking as input the coefficients of the linear system, obtained from standard discretization (FEM or FDM) packages and giving on output the absorption matrix. We present the application of the DNL methodology to typical wave problems, like Helmholtz equations and potential flow with free surface (the ship wave resistance and sea-keeping problems)

    A virtual laboratory for an enhanced and safe understanding of the electric transformers operation

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    [EN] The paper presents an educational software designed to simulate the behaviour of an electric transformer under no-load, shortcircuit and load test, measuring its input and output magnitudes through network analysers, and enabling the supply voltage and load regulations. This virtual laboratory allows to achieve several objectives. First, the student becomes familiar with the system to be operated in the real laboratory, reducing the subsequent electrical risk and optimizing the time required for carrying out the practice. Second, it enhances the understanding of transformers behaviour, its modelling through the equivalent electrical circuit, and the calculation of its two most characteristic parameters during its operation (performance and internal voltage drop). Finally, the application auto evaluates the transformer characterization performed by the student. The simulator reproduces schematically, but precisely, the assembly that the student faces during the lab lesson: an autotransformer to regulate the supply voltage, a transformer, two input and output network analysers, and different types of loads. The tool is structured in three panels. In the first panel, the student selects a transformer from 24 options, and performs its shortcircuit and no-load tests to characterize it through its electric equivalent circuit. Panels 2 and 3 enable load tests and its main characteristics calculation (performance and internal voltage drop). The student results are introduced in the app to perform auto-evaluation. To measure the performance and usefulness of the application, it has been implemented in the lab lessons of the subject ¿Electrical Technology¿, belonging to the Bachelor¿s Degree in Industrial Electronics and Automation Engineering, taught at the Polytechnic University of Valencia (Spain). The sample size is 96 students and the methodology used is as follows. The 96 students are subdivided into four groups. The practice lessons follow this sequence: a refreshment of the transformer concepts needed + explanation of the practice lesson to be performed + explanation and use of the app solving an example (only for groups 1 and 2) + real laboratory experience + final test on transformers. Finally, the performances between groups 1-2 and 3-4 are compared. It is observed that the students of groups 1 and 2 obtain better results in the final tests than those of groups 3 and 4, reaching higher levels of learning thanks to the previous use of the simulator. On the other hand, it is also observed that the time of completion of the real laboratory practice decreases substantially in groups 1 and 2. As a conclusion, there is a great benefit in using this application specifically designed to obtain very specific learning results, since the application is fully adapted to the needs of the degree and therefore to the level of knowledge that the students need to acquire according to the perception and experience of the teaching staff. Finally, based on the results, the application is permanently implemented in the laboratory lessons of Electrical Technology.This project is supported by Universitat Politècnica de València through the Project of Innovation and Educational Improvement Program (PIME 2018-2019/B26).Bonet-Jara, J.; Pons Llinares, J.; Bernal-Perez, S.; Sabater I Serra, R. (2019). A virtual laboratory for an enhanced and safe understanding of the electric transformers operation. IATED. 9177-9186. https://doi.org/10.21125/inted.2019.2277S9177918
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