Minimally invasive osteosynthesis of fractures of the tibial condyles

ОСТЕОСИНТЕЗ ПЕРЕЛОМАПЕРЕЛОМА ИММОБИЛИЗАЦИЯ ВНУТРЕННЯЯХИРУРГИЧЕСКИЕ ОПЕРАЦИИ МАЛОИНВАЗИВНЫЕБОЛЬШЕБЕРЦОВОЙ КОСТИ ПЕРЕЛОМЫ /ХИРКОНЕЧНОСТИ НИЖНЕЙ ТРАВМЫ /ХИРПЕРЕЛОМЫ /ХИРЦель. Провести сравнительный анализ результатов малоинвазивного и традиционного открытого остеосинтеза у пациентов с переломами мыщелков большеберцовой кости. Материал и методы. В зависимости от проводимого метода хирургического лечения переломов мыщелков большеберцовой кости пациенты были разделены на две группы. В первой группе (n=70) применялась открытая репозиция перелома с внутренней фиксацией. Во второй группе (n=70) применены малоинвазивные методы лечения: закрытая репозиция и чрескожная фиксация канюлированными вин- тами, репозиция через трепанационное окно c фиксацией винтами/пластиной, малоинвазивный остеосинтез пластинами, артроскопически ассистированный остеосинтез. В сравниваемых группах оценивали следующие показатели: длительность операции, рентгенологический результат лечения, функциональное состояние нижней конечности, длительность временной нетрудоспособности. Результаты. Установлено, что применение малоинвазивных хирургических методов лечения переломов мыщелков большеберцовой кости позволяет сократить длительность операции c 100 (90-120) до 70 (60-90) минут (Me (25%-75%), однако не влияет на качество репозиции и количество инфекционных осложнений. Также отмечено, что использование малоинвазивных методов остеосинтеза переломов мыщелков большеберцовой кости позволяет сократить время временной нетрудоспособности c 24 (22-41) недель до 21 (17-33,5) (Me (25%-75%)) и достичь лучших функциональных результатов по сравнению с традиционными открытыми методами лечения. Изучение отдаленных рентгенологических результатов лечения показало, что оба метода лечения позволяют достичь удовлетворительной репозиции костных фрагментов. При переломах типа Schatzker 1 и 2 выявлены преимущества малоинвазивных методов лече- ния. Качество репозиции переломов типа Schatzker 3-6 в обеих группах сопоставимо. Следует отметить, что независимо от примененного метода лечения репозиция бикондилярных переломов (Schatzker 5, 6) сопровождалась худшим рентгенологическим результатом по сравнению с результатами одномыщелко- вых повреждений. Заключение. Проведенное исследование подтвердило эффективность применения малоинвазивных хирургических методов в лечении пациентов с переломами мыщелков голени.Objectives. To carry out a comparative analysis of the results of minimally invasive and traditional open osteosynthesis in patients with fractures of the tibial condyles. Methods. The patients were divided into two groups depending on the performed surgical treatment method of the fractures of the tibial condyles. In the first group (n=70) the open reposition of the fracture with the internal fixation was applied. In the second group (n=70) minimally invasive treatment methods were used: the closed reposition and percutaneous fixation with cannulated screws, reposition through the trepanation window with screws/plate fixation, minimally invasive osteosynthesis by plates, arthroscopically-assisted osteosynthesis. The following parameters were evaluated in the compared groups: the duration of the operation, the radiographic result of the treatment, the functional condition of the lower limb and the duration of temporary work incapacity. Results. It has been found out that use of minimally invasive surgical treatment of fractures of the tibial condyles reduces the operative time from 100 (90-120) to 70 (60-90) minutes, but does not affect the quality of the reposition, and the number of infectious complications. It is also noted that the use of minimally invasive osteosynthesis of fractures of the tibial condyles permits to reduce the time of temporary disability from 24 (22-41) weeks to 21 (17-33,5) and achieve better functional outcomes compared with traditional open procedures. The study of long-term radiographic results of treatment showed that both methods of treatment permit to achieve a satisfactory reposition of bone fragments. In Schatzker type I and II fracture the advantages of minimally invasive treatment methods have been determined. The quality of reposition of Schatzker type III and VI fracture in both groups is comparable. It should be pointed out that regardless of the treatment technique used, reposition of the bicondylar fractures (Schatzker type V and VI) was accompanied by worse radiological outcomes in comparison with the results of single condyle damage. Conclusion. The performed research has proved the efficacy of minimally invasive surgical procedures for the treatment of patients with tibial condylar fractures

Assessment of the impact of seasonal patterns climatic conditions on spawning events of the white bream Blicca bjoerkna (Linnaeus, 1758) in astronomical and biological time

This paper describes spawning events of the white bream Blicca bjoerkna (Linnaeus, 1758 )in astronomical and biological time depending on seasonal patterns of climatic conditions. The research was conducted in the "Dnipro-Orilskiy" Nature Reserve (Ukraine) during the years 1997–2015 in four habitat types. The timing of the spawning event (start, end) was evaluated using astronomical time (number of days from January 1 each year), with correction for the lunar and the semilunar cycle, and using biological time (number of days from the end of spawning in the previous year to the beginning and end of spawning in the current year). The spawning phenology of the white bream was found to be dependent on the dynamics of weather conditions over time. Patterns of varying climatic regimes which are expressed by means of multivariate principal component are the most informative predictors of the spawning events. Evaluation of occurrence of spawning events in astronomic or biological time gives somewhat different models of the impact of climate regimes. The impact of the principal components indicating variability of rainfall during the year in which spawning occurs is statistically significant for almost all regression models. Models using the solar calendar are also more sensitive to the course of air temperatures within the year when spawning occurred. Correction of time based on the lunar cycle allows us to assess events which are sensitive also to the temperature and rainfall variation during the second half of the previous year. Biological time was shown to be sensitive to environmental influences over time from the end of spawning in the previous year to spawning in any given year

Changes in the Administrative-Territorial Component of the Ural Military District in the Years of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945

The information of various sources on changes in the territorial composition of the Ural Military District is analyzed. It is concluded that during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, the territorial composition of the military district underwent quite significant transformations, the purpose of which was to improve the system of military command and control bodies on the ground.Проанализирована информация различных источников о изменении территориального состава Уральского военного округа. Сделан вывод, что во время Великой Отечественной войны 1941-1945 гг. территориальный состав военного округа претерпевал довольно значительные трансформации, целью которых являлись улучшение системы органов военного управления на местах

Фенологія нересту плоскирки (Blicca bjoerkna) у біотопах природного заповідника «Дніпровсько-Орільський» залежно від сезонної зміни температур

This paper examines the relationship between climatic conditions and the phenology of spawning of the white bream Blicca bjoerkna (Linnaeus, 1758) in natural habitats of the "Dnipro-Orylskiy" Nature Reserve. The characteristic of spawning distribution is symmetric, as the asymmetry coefficients do not significantly differ from zero. The distribution of the timing of spawning and its duration are also characterized by excesses, which do not significantly differ from zero alternatives. Analysis of meteorological data for the period of study allowed us to determine the trends in temperature variation, which correlate with the temperature of the water. Spawning events in any given year take place entirely within an upward temperature progression that can be accurately described by a linear equation in the form: Y = b + a · x, where Y – ten-day average temperature; x – the order of decades for I–VI months of the year, a and b – the parameters of the equation. The same equation can be used to describe downward movements in the temperature for decades during the VII–XII months of the year. Regression parameters and coefficients of determination have the following environmental sense. For the ascending temperature branch the regression coefficient b will decrease in proportion to the increase in the contrast between winter and summer temperatures. Due to the fact that linear approximation is a certain generalization of the sinusoid natural course of temperature, it should be borne in mind that the highest summer temperatures are close to the change in direction in the course of temperature from increase to decrease. Therefore, the coefficient b will largely depend on the minimum winter temperatures and should be interpreted as a marker of the coldness of the winter. This interpretation is all the more justified because we are concerned here with assessment of the impact on fish spawning, and the processes that precede spawning events clearly have importance for their explanation. Changes in the direction of the course of temperature which occur after spawning have no value in explaining spawning. If we consider coefficient b beyond the environmental context, then certainly this figure depends on the coldness of the winter and equally on the warmness of the summer. Similar considerations lead us to interpret the coefficient b of a descending branch as a marker of the warmness of the summer. Comparison of the ascending temperature branch of the current year and the descending branch of the previous year gives the coefficient of correlation between these parameters of linear regression r = –0.10, P = 0.39. This result confirms our assumption that the coefficient b of a descending branch is a marker of the warmness of summer, because if it were a marker of the coldness of a winter, then the coefficient of correlation parameters for the temperature course that are common for this winter would be statistically significant. In addition, the absence of connections indicates that these coefficients provide independent and additional information about the weather conditions. Coefficient a for the ascending branch characterizes the rate of warming during the spring, ie the rate of onset of summer, and for the descending branch – the rate of cooling in the fall, that is the speed of the onset of winter. The linear model reflects the general trend of warming in spring and cooling in autumn. In reality, the course of temperature change is by its nature a complex oscillatory process. Therefore the coefficient of determination of linear regression indicates the extent of correspondence of the real process to the linear model. Significant deviations from the general trend lead to a reduction in the coefficient of determination. These variations are the result of processes of sharp warming, alternating with periods of abrupt cooling. The more such events occur, the smaller the coefficient of determination. Thus, to describe the timing of spawning events we can examine the impact on them of such factors as regression model parameters for the current year for the ascending branch of temperature changes and parameters for the model of the previous year for the descending branch of temperature changes. As a result of our studies, we found that during the period 1997–2015 the typical course of temperature during the year is characterized by two branches: ascending and descending. The data obtained support the hypothesis that the onset of the various phases of spawning (the beginning of spawning, the end of spawning, spawning duration) is explained by temperature variation of the current year up to the spawning event and by temperature variation in the preceding year. The timing of the spawning of B. bjoerkna can be described at a statistically significant level by multidimensional factors reflecting the peculiarities of weather conditions and habitat type. The colder the previous summer and the winter of the current year and the fewer variables there are in the course of temperature, the later spawning occurs. The warmer the previous summer and the colder the winter of the current year, the later the spawning ends. Temperature variability in the course of temperature contributes to an earlier completion of spawning. There is a strong correlation between the beginning and the end of the spawning season so the impact of environmental factors at the beginning of spawning is also reflected in the timing of the end of spawning. The influence of conditions in the current year on the end of spawning is conditioned by the timing of the onset of spawning and the impact of weather conditions of the previous year on the end of spawning has independent significance. Установлено залежності фенології нересту плоскирки Bliccabjoerkna (Linnaeus, 1758) у біотопах природного заповідника «Дніпровсько-Орільський» від кліматичних умов. Протягом 1997–2015 рр. нерест плоскирки починався у діапазоні від 29 квітня до 23 травня (на 118–142-гу добу поточного року), а закінчувався в діапазоні від 20 травня до 12 червня (на 139–162-гу добу). Таким чином, нерест тривав 10–30 діб. Типовий хід температури протягом року характеризується наявністю двох гілок: висхідної та низхідної. Одержано дані, які підтверджують гіпотезу про те, що для пояснення часу настання етапів нересту значення має хід температури цього року до моменту настання події (початок нересту, кінець нересту, тривалість нересту) та хід температур минулого року. Терміни початку нересту плоскирки статистично вірогідно можуть бути описані за допомогою багатовимірних факторів, які відображають особливості метеорологічних умов та типів біотопу. Нерест настає тим пізніше, чим холодніші минуле літо та поточна зима, а також чим менш варіабельний хід температур. Кінець нересту настає тим пізніше, чим тепліше попереднє літо та чим холодніша зима. Варіабельність ходу температур сприяє ранньому завершенню нересту. Між термінами початку та кінця нересту існує сильний кореляційний зв’язок, тому вплив екологічних факторів на початок нересту віддзеркалюється також у термінах кінця нересту. Вплив умов поточного року на кінцевий термін нересту опосередковується терміном початку нересту, а вплив метеорологічних умов минулого року на термін закінчення нересту має самостійне значення

Конкуренція представників родини Бичкові (Gobiidae) з іншими видами риб водойм Придніпров’я

The paper analyzes the species’ composition of Gobiidae, their quantitative and qualitative parameters in the coastal zone of the Pridneproovye water bodies. The structural and functional features of organization of coastal Gobies groups in the explored territory have been investigated, as well as characteristics of spatial arrangement of Gobiidae family representatives in water bodies and rivers and their role in the coastal groups of fishes. In the waters of Dnipropetrovsk region there were recorded 8 species of the Gobies family: round goby Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas, 1814), big-headed goby N. kessleri (Gunter, 1861), monkey goby N. fluviatilis (Pallas, 1814), goad goby N. gymnotrachelus (Kessler, 1857), toad goby Mesogobius batrachocephalus (Pallas, 1814), tube-nosed goby Proterorhinus marmoratus (Pallas, 1814), starry goby Benthophilus stellatus (Sauvage, 1874), Brauner’s tadpole goby Benthophiloides brauneri (Beling et Iljin, 1927). The gobies are quickly settled in various water bodies. The highest numbers of Gobiidae were registered in Dneprovsky water basin – 113.8 specimens/100 m2. The dominant among the Gobiidae is monkey goby, and subdominant is round goby. The main food competitor of monkey goby are juveniles of commercial fish. In Samara river the index of trophic niche overlap between goby and roach reaches 0.95, between goby and silver bream – 0.91, between goby and crucian carp – 0.88, between goby and rudd – 0.87, between goby and common bream – 0.62. The number and biomass indicators in Samara river have fallen due to trophic competition between new aggressive fish species – pumpkinseed and Gobiidae. In the Ingulets river the total overlap of trophic niches is observed between N. fluviatilis and black-striped pipefish (1.0), almost complete overlap is recorded between monkey goby and pumpkinseed (0.97). It is found that native species of Dnipropetrovsk region (including commercial species) undergo intense trophic pressure on the part of low value, “weed” or alien speciesПроаналізовано видовий склад родини Бичкові у прибережній зоні водойм Придніпров’я. Досліджено структурно-функціональні особливості організації прибережних угруповань бичкових. Проаналізовано особливості просторового розподілу Gobiidae на акваторії річок і водосховищ, їх роль у літоральних угрупованнях риб. У водоймах Дніпропетровської області зареєстровано 8 видів родини Gobiidae: Neogobius melanostomus, N. kessleri, N. fluviatilis, N. gymnotrachelus, Mesogobius batrachocephalus, Proterorhinus marmoratus, Benthophilus stellatus, B. brauneri. Бички швидко розселяються по різних водоймах. Найбільша чисельність бичкових відмічена для акваторій Дніпровського водосховища (113,8 екз./100 м2). Видом-домінантом серед Gobiidae є N. fluviatilis, субдомінантом – N. melanostomus. Головними трофічними конкурентами N. fluviatilis є молодь промислових риб. У р. Самара (притока Дніпровського водосховища) коефіцієнти перекриття трофічних ніш між бичком і пліткою досягають 0,95, плоскиркою – 0,91, карасем сріблястим – 0,88, краснопіркою – 0,87, лящем – 0,62. У р. Інгулець, яка впадає у Каховське водосховище, повне перекриття трофічної ніші спостерігається між N. fluviatilis та Syngnathus abaster nigrolineatus (1,0), майже повне – між бичком і новим агресивним видом іхтіофауни Придніпров’я – Lepomis gibbosus (0,97). Аборигенні риби водойм Дніпропетровської області (у тому числі промислові) піддаються потужному трофічному пресингу з боку малоцінних, «смітних» або чужорідних виді

INFLUENCE of inhalation coal and rock dust on morphological changes of heart muscle (experimental research)

Early stages of coal-dust exposure on laboratory animals do not cause morphological changes in heart muscle. Later periods (6—9 weeks of experiment) are accompanied on the one hand expressed compensatory-adaptive processes, on the other hand. - selective accumulation of lipofuscin in cardiomyocytes. Accumulation of lipofuscin is directly dependent on the duration of the adverse effects of the dust factor and. may be one of the main morphological markers of deep damage and cell death with prolonged exposure to coal and rock dust

Effects of temperature patterns on the spawining phenology and niche overlap of fish assemblages in the water bodies of the Dnipro River basin

The effect of the temperature on the spawining phenology of the fish assemblages and the role of the exogenious and endogenious factors in temporal niche overlaping of fish assemblages were investigated in different water body types of the Dnipro River basin within the “Dnipro-Orilskiy" Nature Reserve (Ukraine in the years 1997-2018. The period of spawning (beginning and end) of the Blicca bjoerkna, Carassius gibelio, Scardinius erythrophthalmus, Abramis brama,Perca fluviatilis, Rutilus rutilus, and Esox lucius was estimated. Community niche overlap was estimated by calculating the pairwise Pianka index. The temperature was discused as an exogenous factor effecting on the fishes spawn timing. From 1998 to 2018 the average temperature in the study area continued to rise. The annual course of the temperature takes the sinusoidal waveform, which can be described by a fourth-degree polynomial. The residuals of the corresponding polynomial trend are specific for each year. The regular components of the residuals variation were revealed by dbMEM-variables. Fishes spawning occurred within the narrow water temperature ranges, which are specific for each fish species. There are statistically significant differences between ponds in water temperatures at which the spawning start occurred. The water temperature at which the spawning start occurred is linearly dependent on the time of the spawning start. There were temporal overlaps between spawning of the different species. The deviation of the Pianka mean niche overlap indexes from random alternatives does not depend on the habitat type. The decreasing trend of the Pianka mean niche overlap indexes was observed during the study period. There is no statistically significant correlation between the average annual air temperature and the level of the niche overlap. The degree of niche overlapping depends on broad-, medium-, and fine-scale temperature patterns

ПАТОГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ РАЗВИТИЯ АРТЕРИАЛЬНОЙ ГИПЕРТЕНЗИИ У РАБОТНИКОВ УГОЛЬНОЙ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТИ

We carried out gistomorphometrical researches of vessels of the small circle of blood circulation in the pulmonary tissue of 17 miners which had worked under dust conditions on the average 14,1±0,5 years. They were considered as healthy according to the results of dynamic observation and they perished due to technogenic catastrophe. The results showed that the thickening of the endothelial layer, the hypertrophy of smooth muscle structures and the development of perivascular sclerosis are happened in the vessels of the lungs of miners. Changes of the structure of the vessel wall lead to its thickening and reduction the lumen of the vessel, that creates conditions for the development of pulmonary hypertension. The hypertrophy of smooth muscle structures is considered as one of the manifestations of systemic coniotic processes which occur in the wall of the pulmonary vessels and consequently causes a further increase in blood pressure that has secondary character. The obtained results dictate the need to develop methods of early monitoring of the cardiovascular system in coal workers to detect latent and the initial stages of pulmonary hypertension.Проведено гистоморфометрическое исследование сосудов малого круга кровообращения в ткани легких 17 шахтеров, проработавших в условиях запыленности в среднем 14,1±0,5 года, считавшихся здоровыми по результатам динамического наблюдения и погибших при техногенной катастрофе. Результаты исследования показали, что в сосудах легких шахтеров происходит увеличение толщины эндотелиального слоя, гипертрофия гладкомышечных структур и развитие периваскулярного склероза. Изменения структур стенки сосуда приводят к его утолщению и уменьшению относительного просвета сосуда, что создает условия для развития легочной гипертонии. Гипертрофия гладкомышечного компонента медии рассматривается как одно из проявлений системного кониотического процесса, разыгрывающегося в стенке легочных сосудов и, как следствие, обусловливающего дальнейшее повышение артериального давления вторичного характера. Полученные результаты диктуют необходимость разработки методов раннего мониторинга сердечно-сосудистой системы у работников угольной промышленности для выявления латентной и начальной стадий легочной гипертонии