Analisis Going Concern Pada Pelaku Usaha Nelayan Di Kecamatan Nusaniwe Kota Ambon

One of sectors massively contributing in the economy of Ambon city is fishery and marine. However, fishermen as one of the business actors who run this business are still on the poverty line even though they operate business every day. This study aims to analyze the going concern aspects applied by business actors so far. A qualitative approach with source triangulation techniques was used where researchers conducted in-depth  interviews  and  observations  to  business  actors  in  Dusun Eri, Latuhalat Village, and Seri Village. The results found that the going concern aspects that have been applied tend to adopt traditional methods that have been going on since ancient times, such as only focusing on selling fresh fish as their product characteristic so business actors are reluctant to innovate. The obstacles are the lack of self-motivation and government capital support, as well as the low understanding of technology. In addition, the going concern aspect of this business is also not determined by the accounting process because all business actors do not carry out accounting processes in their business. The financial management process that has been carried out by business actors is limited to allocating sales proceeds for business operations, family economic needs, and personal savings. This allocation process is not recorded in a specific book and only relies on their intuition and verbal calculations

Adherence to antibiotic treatment guidelines and outcomes in the hospitalized elderly with different types of pneumonia

Background: Few studies evaluated the clinical outcomes of Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP), Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia (HAP) and Health Care-Associated Pneumonia (HCAP) in relation to the adherence of antibiotic treatment to the guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the American Thoracic Society (ATS) in hospitalized elderly people (65 years or older). Methods: Data were obtained from REPOSI, a prospective registry held in 87 Italian internal medicine and geriatric wards. Patients with a diagnosis of pneumonia (ICD-9 480-487) or prescribed with an antibiotic for pneumonia as indication were selected. The empirical antibiotic regimen was defined to be adherent to guidelines if concordant with the treatment regimens recommended by IDSA/ATS for CAP, HAP, and HCAP. Outcomes were assessed by logistic regression models. Results: A diagnosis of pneumonia was made in 317 patients. Only 38.8% of them received an empirical antibiotic regimen that was adherent to guidelines. However, no significant association was found between adherence to guidelines and outcomes. Having HAP, older age, and higher CIRS severity index were the main factors associated with in-hospital mortality. Conclusions: The adherence to antibiotic treatment guidelines was poor, particularly for HAP and HCAP, suggesting the need for more adherence to the optimal management of antibiotics in the elderly with pneumonia

A multi-element psychosocial intervention for early psychosis (GET UP PIANO TRIAL) conducted in a catchment area of 10 million inhabitants: study protocol for a pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial

Multi-element interventions for first-episode psychosis (FEP) are promising, but have mostly been conducted in non-epidemiologically representative samples, thereby raising the risk of underestimating the complexities involved in treating FEP in 'real-world' services

Induction of CD69 activation molecule on human neutrophils by GM-CSF, IFN-\u3b3, and IFN-\u3b1

The CD69 glycoprotein is an early activation antigen of T and B lymphocytes but it expression is induced in vitro on cells of most hematopoietic lineages, including neutrophils after stimulation with PMA or fMLP. In this study, we investigated whether CD69 expression on human neutrophils could be modulated by inflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1\u3b2, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-18, G-CSF, GM-CSF, TNF-\u3b1, TGF-\u3b2, IFN-\u3b1, IFN-\u3b3). Resting neutrophils from healthy subjects did not express CD69 on the cell surface; moreover, a preformed intracellular pool of CD69 was not evident in these cells. CD69 was barely detectable on these cells after overnight incubation in medium while overnight incubation with GM-CSF, IFN-\u3b3 or IFN-\u3b1 significantly induced CD69 expression on neutrophils with GM-CSF appearing to be the most potent inducer. This induction was dependent on a new protein synthesis as it was significantly inhibited by cycloheximide (about 50% inhibition). CD69 cross-linking on GM-CSF-primed neutrophils sinergized with LPS and increased TNF-\u3b1 production and secretion suggesting a role for CD69-positive neutrophils in the pathogenesis and maintenance of different inflammatory diseases

T cell defect in essential mixed cryoglobulinaemia

Peripheral blood lymphocytes from untreated patients with essential cryoglobulinaemia were studied for their surface markers and for their in vitro mitogenic reactivity. No differences in lymphocyte subpopulations were observed between cryoglobulinaemic patients and normal controls. Cultures of separated lymphocytes were stimulated with different concentrations of phytohaemagglutinin, Con-A and pokeweed mitogen. Incorporation of [3H]-thymidine in patients' cultures was compared with that of normal controls. Significantly decreased reactivity to phytohaemagglutinin and Con-A, but not to pokeweed mitogen, was found in all patients studied. The depressed mitogenic reactivity to phytohaemagglutinin and Con-A might be referred to a qualitative T cell defect

Development of phagocytic function of cultured human monocytes is regulated by cell surface IL-10.

Monocytes differentiating in vitro into macrophages increase their capacity to ingest particles via Fc\u3b3R and CR3. Because human recombinant IL- 10 is a potent up-regulator of phagocytosis in human monocytes, we investigated whether spontaneously produced IL-10 could be a signal for the modulation of phagocytosis by cultured monocytes. We show here that culture of monocytes in the presence of anti-IL-10 mAb completely abolished up- regulation of phagocytosis of both EIgG and EIgMC3bi, suggesting a role for spontaneously produced IL-10 in the modulation of phagocytosis by cultured human monocytes. The inhibition exerted by anti-IL-10 mAb on the development of FcyR-mediated ingestion was dependent on the concomitant inhibition of Fc\u3b3RIII induction in cultured cells. On the other hand, a similar down- regulation of CR3 expression was not involved in the inhibitory effect exerted by anti-IL-10 mAb on the development of CR3-mediated ingestion. Monocytes secreted detectable levels of IL-10 when cultured in medium but the concentrations of IL-10 in the supernatants decreased with length of time in culture, the decrease being completely reversed by anti-IL-10 mAb. In addition, we showed that monocytes expressed immunoreactive IL-10 on their surface and this expression increased during differentiation into macrophages. Whether this IL-10 was bound to specific membrane receptors or it was an integral membrane protein remains to be determined; however, this latter possibility is consistent with our observations that IL-10 did not elute with acid treatment and exogenous IL-10 did not increase surface staining of monocytes. Our data indicate that human mononuclear phagocytes express IL-10 on their membrane and suggest that this cytokine may represent an autocrine signal for the increased phagocytic function observed during differentiation of monocytes into macrophages