Sobre a formação de professores para a disciplina Educação Física em Santa Catarina (1937-1945): ciência, controle e ludicidade na educação dos corpos On teachers training in Physical Education in Santa Catarina (1937-1945): science, control and recreation in the bodies education

As décadas de 1930 e 1940 configuram no Brasil uma tentativa de modernização e construção de uma identidade nacional. A prática dos exercícios físicos nas escolas foi concebida como política de construção de cidadãos saudáveis e produtivos que correspondessem ao projeto que se inaugura com o estímulo à industrialização no país. Esperava-se que ocorresse uma mudança "civilizadora" no comportamento, gerida pela escola dos anos 1930, em virtude da formação do Estado e da construção de uma "segunda natureza" altamente controlada por dispositivos disciplinares, dentre eles a Educação Física Escolar. Santa Catarina seguiu o enredo das preocupações nacionais, instituindo a Escola de Educação Física do Estado, cujo objetivo era formar professores dessa disciplina, além de desenvolver, orientar e unificar a sua prática em todos os estabelecimentos de ensino. A pesquisa investigou a crescente importância da cultura corporal, estudando as prescrições para a prática da disciplina presentes na Revista de Educação (1937-1938) e em Relatórios da Inspetoria de Educação Física do Estado. Foram identificados três eixos que merecem destaque e estão articulados entre si: bases científicas das lições, controle das emoções ou disciplina moral, caráter lúdico pela prática de jogos. Tais eixos resumiam a funções atribuídas à Educação Física: modelagem do cidadão nacional, potencializando força física e disciplinando-o moralmente.<br>In the thirties and forties years of XX Century in Brazil were full of efforts in modernization and constructions of national identity. Physical exercises at school are important part of the healthy and productive policy of contraction of citizens for the industrialization of the country. A "civilized" turning in the behavior guided by the school of thirties was expected, in sense of State formation and of construction of a "second nature" controlled by disciplinary dispositives, Physical Education at school among those. The state of Santa Catarina was engaged in this process and had created the State Physical Education School, whose aim was to graduate teachers in this discipline, beyond developing, advising and uniting the practice in all of schools. It was researched the escalate importance of body culture, taking as sources the prescriptions of Revista de Educação (1937-1938) and of the Reports of State Physical Education Inspection. Three linked axis were found: the scientific basis of the lessons, the control of emotions or the moral discipline, the recreational character of plays. These axis resumed the expected functions of Physical Education: the construction of national citizen through physical capacity and moral discipline

Distinct regulation of hypothalamic and brown/beige adipose tissue activities in human obesity

Background/Objectives:The identification of brown/beige adipose tissue in adult humans has motivated the search for methods aimed at increasing its thermogenic activity as an approach to treat obesity. In rodents, the brown adipose tissue is under the control of sympathetic signals originating in the hypothalamus. However, the putative connection between the depots of brown/beige adipocytes and the hypothalamus in humans has never been explored. The objective of this study was to evaluate the response of the hypothalamus and brown/beige adipose tissue to cold stimulus in obese subjects undergoing body mass reduction following gastric bypass.Subjects/Methods:We evaluated twelve obese, non-diabetic subjects undergoing Roux-in-Y gastric bypass and 12 lean controls. Obese subjects were evaluated before and approximately 8 months after gastric bypass. Lean subjects were evaluated only at admission. Subjects were evaluated for hypothalamic activity in response to cold by functional magnetic resonance, whereas brown/beige adipose tissue activity was evaluated using a (F 18) fluorodeoxyglucose positron emisson tomography/computed tomography scan and real-time PCR measurement of signature genes.Results:Body mass reduction resulted in a significant increase in brown/beige adipose tissue activity in response to cold; however, no change in cold-induced hypothalamic activity was observed after body mass reduction. No correlation was found between brown/beige adipose tissue activation and hypothalamus activity in obese subjects or in lean controls.Conclusions:In humans, the increase in brown/beige adipose tissue activity related to body mass reduction occurs independently of changes in hypothalamic activity as determined by functional magnetic resonance

Sugarcane: an unexpected habitat for black yeasts in Chaetothyriales

Abstract Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum, Poaceae) is cultivated on a large scale in (sub)tropical regions such as Brazil and has considerable economic value for sugar and biofuel production. The plant is a rich substrate for endo- and epiphytic fungi. Black yeasts in the family Herpotrichiellaceae (Chaetothyriales) are colonizers of human-dominated habitats, particularly those rich in toxins and hydrocarbon pollutants, and may cause severe infections in susceptible human hosts. The present study assessed the diversity of Herpotrichiellaceae associated with sugarcane, using in silico identification and selective isolation. Using metagenomics, we identified 5833 fungal sequences, while 639 black yeast-like isolates were recovered in vitro. In both strategies, the latter fungi were identified as members of the genera Cladophialophora, Exophiala, and Rhinocladiella (Herpotrichiellaceae), Cyphellophora (Cyphellophoraceae), and Knufia (Trichomeriaceae). In addition, we discovered new species of Cladophialophora and Exophiala from sugarcane and its rhizosphere. The first environmental isolation of Cladophialophora bantiana is particularly noteworthy, because this species up to now is exclusively known from the human host where it mostly causes fatal brain disease in otherwise healthy patients

Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures

The Updated Lagrangian formulation for non-linear finite element analysis is applied to the problem of thin-walled composites box beams undergoing large displacements. A shear correction factor for thin-closed rectangular sections is introduced into some terms of the variational formulation and its influence in the results is analyzed, in both linear and non-linear problems. The Vlasov's theory describing the coupled flexural-torsional phenomenon and the implementation of the FSDT theory in thin-walled beams is discussed, as well as the strains, stress resultants and constitutive relationships for composites box beams. The application of the Mechanic of Laminated Beam theory (MLB) to the calculation of the shear correction factors considering more constitutive terms for computing the shear flow in flanges and webs than those ones used in the original theory is also debated. The Updated Lagrangian finite element model applied in this work for non-linear analysis of box beams is described. A comparison of the numerical results with those obtained experimentally, analytically and by the numerical models proposed by other authors is done for both linear and non-linear problems. The assumptions made in this work and the formulation developed only applies to thin-walled beams that undergo large displacements, but small to moderate twist rotations

Momentos iniciais da educação física em Goiás (1917-1929)

Este artigo analisa os momentos iniciais da organização institucional da educação física em escolas de Goiás, valendo-se de legislações, jornais, fotografias, livros de memórias e documentos oficiais como fontes. Desenvolvendo uma abordagem da história regional, o trabalho argumenta que o período entre 1917 e 1929 foi crucial para o início desse processo. Mais especificamente, uma combinação de interesses civis e militares, nacionais e regionais, de dentro e de fora de Goiás, parece ter sido o principal responsável por esse processo de construção social da educação física na região