UNION COUNTRIES AND THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The article is aimed at the consideration of the problems occurring in the field of economic and legal integration of fundamental principles concerning the innovations, the innovation process and the types of innovations. The priority of economy innovation development and the suffi cient legal regulation of this process in the global community is determinated in the article. The basic notions of Innovation law such as: “innovation”, “innovative activity”, “innovation process” are carefully examined and analyzed in detail. The authors have classified the innovation types on various grounds. They came to the conclusion, that there is the necessity to establish a common understanding of the above mentioned notions, to develop the integrated mechanisms to stimulate innovative activity of all innovation process participants. The dominating method of research is a comparative analysis of the basic notions, economic prerequisites and Innovation law

UNION COUNTRIES AND THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The article is aimed at the consideration of the problems occurring in the field of economic and legal integration of fundamental principles concerning the innovations, the innovation process and the types of innovations. The priority of economy innovation development and the suffi cient legal regulation of this process in the global community is determinated in the article. The basic notions of Innovation law such as: “innovation”, “innovative activity”, “innovation process” are carefully examined and analyzed in detail. The authors have classified the innovation types on various grounds. They came to the conclusion, that there is the necessity to establish a common understanding of the above mentioned notions, to develop the integrated mechanisms to stimulate innovative activity of all innovation process participants. The dominating method of research is a comparative analysis of the basic notions, economic prerequisites and Innovation law

Development of a New VLBI Data Analysis Software

We present an overview of a new VLBI analysis software under development at NASA GSFC. The new software will replace CALC/SOLVE and many related utility programs. It will have the capabilities of the current system as well as incorporate new models and data analysis techniques. In this paper we give a conceptual overview of the new software. We formulate the main goals of the software. The software should be flexible and modular to implement models and estimation techniques that currently exist or will appear in future. On the other hand it should be reliable and possess production quality for processing standard VLBI sessions. Also, it needs to be capable of processing observations from a fully deployed network of VLBI2010 stations in a reasonable time. We describe the software development process and outline the software architecture

GSFC VLBI Analysis Center

This report presents the activities of the GSFC VLBI Analysis Center during 2012. The GSFC VLBI Analysis Center analyzes all IVS sessions, makes regular IVS submissions of data and analysis products, and performs research and software development aimed at improving the VLBI technique

Theory-assisted determination of nano-rippling and impurities in atomic resolution images of angle-mismatched bilayer graphene

Ripples and impurity atoms are universally present in 2D materials, limiting carrier mobility, creating pseudo–magnetic fields, or affecting the electronic and magnetic properties. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) generally provides picometer-level precision in the determination of the location of atoms or atomic 'columns' in the in-image plane (xy plane). However, precise atomic positions in the z-direction as well as the presence of certain impurities are difficult to detect. Furthermore, images containing moiré patterns such as those in angle-mismatched bilayer graphene compound the problem by limiting the determination of atomic positions in the xy plane. Here, we introduce a reconstructive approach for the analysis of STEM images of twisted bilayers that combines the accessible xy coordinates of atomic positions in a STEM image with density-functional-theory calculations. The approach allows us to determine all three coordinates of all atomic positions in the bilayer and establishes the presence and identity of impurities. The deduced strain-induced rippling in a twisted bilayer graphene sample is consistent with the continuum model of elasticity. We also find that the moiré pattern induces undulations in the z direction that are approximately an order of magnitude smaller than the strain-induced rippling. A single substitutional impurity, identified as nitrogen, is detected. The present reconstructive approach can, therefore, distinguish between moiré and strain-induced effects and allows for the full reconstruction of 3D positions and atomic identities

ECMO for COVID-19 patients in Europe and Israel

Since March 15th, 2020, 177 centres from Europe and Israel have joined the study, routinely reporting on the ECMO support they provide to COVID-19 patients. The mean annual number of cases treated with ECMO in the participating centres before the pandemic (2019) was 55. The number of COVID-19 patients has increased rapidly each week reaching 1531 treated patients as of September 14th. The greatest number of cases has been reported from France (n = 385), UK (n = 193), Germany (n = 176), Spain (n = 166), and Italy (n = 136) .The mean age of treated patients was 52.6 years (range 16–80), 79% were male. The ECMO configuration used was VV in 91% of cases, VA in 5% and other in 4%. The mean PaO2 before ECMO implantation was 65 mmHg. The mean duration of ECMO support thus far has been 18 days and the mean ICU length of stay of these patients was 33 days. As of the 14th September, overall 841 patients have been weaned from ECMO support, 601 died during ECMO support, 71 died after withdrawal of ECMO, 79 are still receiving ECMO support and for 10 patients status n.a. . Our preliminary data suggest that patients placed on ECMO with severe refractory respiratory or cardiac failure secondary to COVID-19 have a reasonable (55%) chance of survival. Further extensive data analysis is expected to provide invaluable information on the demographics, severity of illness, indications and different ECMO management strategies in these patients

Interaction Between the Celestial and the Terrestrial Reference Frames

Effects of International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF2) on the Terrestrial Reference Frames (TRF), CRF and EOP's, The ICRF2 became official on Jan. 1, 2010. It includes positions of 3414 compact radio astronomical sources observed with VLBI, a fivefold increase from the first ICRF. Numerous new VLBI models were used and the most unstable sources were treated as arc parameters to avoid distortions of the frame. The ICRF2 has a noise floor of 40 micro-arc-seconds and an axis stability of 10 micro-arc-seconds. It was aligned with the ICRS using 138 stable sources common to ICRF2 and ICRF-Ext2. Maintenance of ICRF2 is to be made using 295 defining sources chosen for their historical positional stability, minimal source structure, and sky distribution. Their stability and their more uniform sky distribution eliminate the two largest weaknesses of ICRF I. The switchover to ICRF2 has some small effects on the TRF, CRF and Earth Orientation Parameters (EOP). A CRF based on ICRF2 shows a relative rotation of 40 micro-arc-seconds, mostly about the Y-axis. Small shifts are also seen in the EOP's, the largest being 11 micro-arc-seconds in X-pole. Some small but insignificant differences are also seen in the TRF. These results will be presented and discussed

Review of Operational VGOS Sessions in 2020

25th European VLBI Group for Geodesy and Astronomy Working Meeting, 14-18 March 2021In 2020, the IVS observed for a second year an operational 24-hr VGOS session series (VGOS-O) at a bi-weekly cadence. The total number of sessions amounts to 24 for the full year; the network size was between 8 and 9 stations. In February 2020, we began an Intensive-type VGOS session series (VGOS-V2) of one-hour observing designed to measure UT1. There were a total of 21 VGOS-V2 sessions that were scheduled in the weeks when there was no 24-hr VGOS session and ran concurrently with the legacy S/X INT1 sessions. The VGOS-V2 sessions generally included the KOKEE12M¿WETTZ13S baseline with GGAO12M, MACGO12M, and WESTFORD being tagged along or scheduled in depending on their availability. There were a total of 21 VGOS-V2 sessions. For both VGOS-O and VGOS-V2 sessions we discuss the scheduling, correlation, and analysis.We contrast the 24-hr VGOS sessions with 24-h S/X sessions of similar size. For the VGOS-V2 sessions we compare UT1 estimates with those obtained from the corresponding S/X Intensive

Baseline Vector Repeatability at the Sub‐Millimeter Level Enabled by Radio Interferometer Phase Delays of Intra‐Site Baselines

We report the results of position ties for short baselines at eight geodetic sites based on phase delays that are extracted from global geodetic very‐long‐baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations rather than dedicated short‐baseline experiments. An analysis of phase delay observables at X band from two antennas at the Geodetic Observatory Wettzell, Germany, extracted from 107 global 24‐hr VLBI sessions since 2019 yields weighted root‐mean‐square scatters about the mean baseline vector of 0.3, 0.3, and 0.8 mm in the east, north, and up directions, respectively. Position ties are also obtained for other short baselines between legacy antennas and nearby, newly built antennas. They are critical for maintaining a consistent continuation of the realization of the terrestrial reference frame, especially when including the new VGOS network. The phase delays of the baseline WETTZ13N–WETTZELL enable an investigation of sources of error at the sub‐millimeter level. We found that a systematic variation of larger than 1 mm can be introduced to the Up estimates of this baseline vector when atmospheric delays were estimated. Although the sub‐millimeter repeatability has been achieved for the baseline vector WETTZ13N–WETTZELL, we conclude that long term monitoring should be conducted for more short baselines to assess the instrumental effects, in particular the systematic differences between phase delays and group delays, and to find common solutions for reducing them. This will be an important step toward the goal of global geodesy at the 1 mm level.Plain Language Summary: We report the results of position ties for short baselines at eight geodetic sites based on phase delays that are extracted from global geodetic very‐long‐baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations rather than dedicated short‐baseline experiments. By using the inherently more precise observables—phase delays, a baseline vector repeatability of WETTZ13N–WETTZELL has been achieved at the sub‐millimeter level for the horizontal directions and at the 1 mm level for the vertical direction based on VLBI experiments of 107 days during 3.5 years. Position ties based on phase delays are also obtained for other short baselines between legacy antennas and nearby, newly built antennas, and they are critical to maintain a consistent continuation of the realization of terrestrial reference frame into the future of a network of these new antennas. We have evaluated the instrumental stability at the 1 mm level, which is an important step toward the goal of global geodesy at this level.Key Points: Baseline vectors between legacy antennas and co‐located VGOS antennas are obtained from phase delays with the highest possible precision. Sources of error in short‐baseline observations are investigated at the 1 mm level in terms of their potential impacts.Academy of Finland http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002341https://ivscc.gsfc.nasa.gov/productsdata/data.htmlhttps://sourceforge.net/projects/nusolve