48 research outputs found
Anterior-Posterior Axis Plasticity in the Developing Nervous System of Xenopus laevis
The establishment of the anterior-posterior (AP) axis is an essential step in the development of the central nervous system. In the model vertebrate organism Xenopus laevis, AP neural patterning begins during the late blastula stage and continues through gastrulation. Although the patterning of the nervous system in normal conditions has been extensively studied, less is known about how this process is able to regulate in the face of environmental perturbations. This study aims to characterize the extent and molecular basis of neural axis plasticity in Xenopus laevis by investigating the response of embryos to a 180-degree rotation of their AP neural axis during gastrulation. Embryos were assessed for the expression of regional marker genes using in situ hybridization, and also underwent global gene expression analysis using RNA-Sequencing. Our results suggest that there is a window of time between the mid- and late-gastrula stage during which embryos are able to recover from a 180-degree rotation of their neural axis and then lose this ability. At the mid-gastrula stage, embryos are able to recover from neural axis rotation and correctly express regional marker genes. By the late-gastrula stage, embryos show misregulation of regional marker genes following neural axis rotation and differential expression of genes important for neural development and patterning. Heterochronic transplants between donor and host embryos of different stages indicate that both the presumptive neural ectoderm and the underlying mesoderm play an important role in this plasticity
Tissue rotation of the Xenopus anteriorβposterior neural axis reveals profound but transient plasticity at the mid-gastrula stage
The establishment of anterior-posterior (AP) regional identity is an essential step in the appropriate development of the vertebrate central nervous system. An important aspect of AP neural axis formation is the inherent plasticity that allows developing cells to respond to and recover from the various perturbations that embryos continually face during the course of development. While the mechanisms governing the regionalization of the nervous system have been extensively studied, relatively less is known about the nature and limits of early neural plasticity of the anterior-posterior neural axis. This study aims to characterize the degree of neural axis plasticity i
Achieving comparability of morphometric and model histogenetic-morphogenetic data using global optimization test functions
Any theoretical construction in morphological modeling is useful only when it can be linked to the practice. Any formalism is not optimal for describing the processes of morphogenesis, if it is not comparable with the shape of tissue structures. Thus, it is necessary to find the best approximation for the correct comparison of the experimental and theoretical results. Proposed in this paper, the use of test functions for genetic algorithms, evolutionary programming, and swarm optimization for the approximation of the morphogenesis of cellular structures and their models is a mathematical step towards the implementation of the thesis of the analyzed article author (Gradov O.V., 2011), deduced not precise enough. There are other ways of analytical approximation for this case, but they have no fundamental differences in terms of their ease of use in mathematical biology. Achieved in this way comparability of morphometric and model histogenetic-morphogenetic data can be used in mathematical and morphological analysis and modeling in histology and embryology
ΠΠΎΡΡΠ³Π½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ²Π½ΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π³ΡΡΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ -ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠΉ Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ·Π°ΡΡΡ.
Any theoretical construction in morphological modeling is useful only when it can be linked to the practice. Any formalism is not optimal for describing the processes of morphogenesis, if it is not comparable with the shape of tissue structures. Thus, it is necessary to find the best approximation for the correct comparison of the experimental and theoretical results. Proposed in this paper, the use of test functions for genetic algorithms, evolutionary programming, and swarm optimization for the approximation of the morphogenesis of cellular structures and their models is a mathematical step towards the implementation of the thesis of the analyzed article author (Gradov O.V., 2011), deduced not precise enough. There are other ways of analytical approximation for this case, but they have no fundamental differences in terms of their ease of use in mathematical biology. Achieved in this way comparability of morphometric and model histogenetic-morphogenetic data can be used in mathematical and morphological analysis and modeling in histology and embryology.ΠΡΠ±Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ Π² ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΡΠΌΡΡΠ» ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ³Π΄Π°, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π° ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅. ΠΡΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π°, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½ Π½Π΅ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°ΠΏΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΎΠ², ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π°ΠΏΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π° ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π·Π±ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ (ΠΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠ² Π.Π., 2011), Π²ΡΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ. Π‘ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΏΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡ
Π² ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π°Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
-ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ±ΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ.ΠΡΠ΄Ρ-ΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ Π² ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π±ΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²'ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π° Π΄ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΄Ρ-ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ·ΠΌ Π½Π΅ Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Ρ, ΡΠΊΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ½ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ²Π½ΡΠ½Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ, Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΡΠ΄Π½Π΅ Π·Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·ΡΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ². ΠΠ°ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π΅ Π² ΡΡΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΡΠ², Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Ρ ΡΠΎΠΉΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ·Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Ρ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ (ΠΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠ² Π.Π., 2011), Π²ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ. ΠΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΉ ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π΄ΠΊΡ, Π°Π»Π΅ Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π²ΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π· ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π·ΠΎΡΡ Π·ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π·Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡ
Π² ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠ²Π½ΡΠ½Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π³ΡΡΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
-ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
, ΡΠΊΠ° Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ³Π°ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·Ρ ΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π² Π³ΡΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΠ° Π΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡ