A unified model for holistic power usage in cloud datacenter servers

Cloud datacenters are compute facilities formed by hundreds and thousands of heterogeneous servers requiring significant power requirements to operate effectively. Servers are composed by multiple interacting sub-systems including applications, microelectronic processors, and cooling which reflect their respective power profiles via different parameters. What is presently unknown is how to accurately model the holistic power usage of the entire server when including all these sub-systems together. This becomes increasingly challenging when considering diverse utilization patterns, server hardware characteristics, air and liquid cooling techniques, and importantly quantifying the non-electrical energy cost imposed by cooling operation. Such a challenge arises due to the need for multi-disciplinary expertise required to study server operation holistically. This work provides a unified model for capturing holistic power usage within Cloud datacenter servers. Constructed through controlled laboratory experiments, the model captures the relationship of server power usage between software, hardware, and cooling agnostic of architecture and cooling type (air and liquid). An exciting prospect is the ability to quantify the amount of non-electrical power consumed through cooling, allowing for more realistic and accurate server power profiles. This work represents the first empirically supported analysis and modeling of holistic power usage for Cloud datacenter servers, and bridges a significant gap between computer science and mechanical engineering research. Model validation through experiments demonstrates an average standard error of 3% for server power usage within both air and liquid cooled environments

Bench-to-bedside review : targeting antioxidants to mitochondria in sepsis

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

An International Service Learning Guide for Occupational Therapy Students and Clinicians

We ourselves feel that what we are doing is just a drop in the ocean. But the ocean would be less because of that missing drop -Mother Teresa Increased diversity within the U.S. demands the education of occupational therapy clinicians who can deliver culturally responsive care. The number of immigrants to the U.S. is at an all-time high and the African-American and Hispanic populations are expected to double by mid-century (U.S. Census Bureau, 2008). Occupational therapy students and entry-level clinicians have identified the need for more information, resources, and experience with people from different cultures (Murden et aI., 2008). Service learning and cultural immersion were identified as educational methods that may facilitate the development of cultural competence and lead to culturally sensitive care (Bonder, Martin & Miracle, 2002a; Iwama, 2009; O\u27Grady, 2000; Price et aI., 2005). This scholarly project culminated in a guide, which is intended to provide occupational therapy students and clinicians with the framework necessary to develop and complete an international service learning experience for the promotion of cultural competence. Guided by the Canadian Model of Occupational Performance and Engagement (CMOP-E), the model of service learning, and adult learning theory, this guide addresses the emotional, intellectual, financial, physical, and social elements of service learning to achieve both learner and client goals. The guide is intended for use in planning an international service learning project in a developing country, but may be adapted for use in local or regional areas of the U.S

Completion Design Evolution for Saltwater Disposal Injection Wells in the Bakken Play

Disposal of produced water is a critical component of unconventional oil development. The significant increase in Bakken production over the past decade in concert with the expansion of saltwater disposal wells geographically, places new demands on the storage reservoir. Development has spurred investigations of the reservoir and well performance.https://commons.und.edu/eerc-publications/1016/thumbnail.jp

Satellite Data-Based Phenological Evaluation of the Nationwide Reforestation of South Korea

Through the past 60 years, forests, now of various age classes, have been established in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula through nationwide efforts to reestablish forests since the Korean War (1950-53), during which more than 65% of the nation's forest was destroyed. Careful evaluation of long-term changes in vegetation growth after reforestation is one of the essential steps to ensuring sustainable forest management. This study investigated nationwide variations in vegetation phenology using satellite-based growing season estimates for 1982-2008. The start of the growing season calculated from the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) agrees reasonably with the ground-observed first flowering date both temporally (correlation coefficient, r = 0.54) and spatially (r = 0.64) at the 95% confidence level. Over the entire 27-year period, South Korea, on average, experienced a lengthening of the growing season of 4.5 days decade(-1), perhaps due to recent global warming. The lengthening of the growing season is attributed mostly to delays in the end of the growing season. The retrieved nationwide growing season data were used to compare the spatial variations in forest biomass carbon density with the time-averaged growing season length for 61 forests. Relatively higher forest biomass carbon density was observed over the regions having a longer growing season, especially for the regions dominated by young (<30 year) forests. These results imply that a lengthening of the growing season related to the ongoing global warming may have positive impacts on carbon sequestration, an important aspect of large-scale forest management for sustainable development.open2

Forest Biomass Density across Large Climate Gradients in Northern South America is related to Water Availability but not with Temperature

Understanding and predicting the likely response of ecosystems to climate change are crucial challenges for ecology and for conservation biology. Nowhere is this challenge greater than in the tropics as these forests store more than half the total atmospheric carbon stock in their biomass. Biomass is determined by the balance between biomass inputs (i.e., growth) and outputs (mortality). We can expect therefore that conditions that favor high growth rates, such as abundant water supply, warmth, and nutrient-rich soils will tend to correlate with high biomass stocks. Our main objective is to describe the patterns of above ground biomass (AGB) stocks across major tropical forests across climatic gradients in Northwestern South America. We gathered data from 200 plots across the region, at elevations ranging between 0 to 3400 m. We estimated AGB based on allometric equations and values for stem density, basal area, and wood density weighted by basal area at the plot-level. We used two groups of climatic variables, namely mean annual temperature and actual evapotranspiration as surrogates of environmental energy, and annual precipitation, precipitation seasonality, and water availability as surrogates of water availability. We found that AGB is more closely related to water availability variables than to energy variables. In northwest South America, water availability influences carbon stocks principally by determining stand structure, i.e. basal area. When water deficits increase in tropical forests we can expect negative impact on biomass and hence carbon storage

Domesticating Fears and Fantasies of ‘the East’: integrating the Ottoman legacy within European heritage

'Europe' has no fixed geographical, historical, religious or cultural boundaries. Claims for the existence of European civilization as a discrete construct are continually made yet dissolve on close scrutiny. Here, we examine these claims at one of the grandest points of existential crisis and belonging for Europe, the relationship with the 'Other within': Turkey, the Balkans and Ottoman heritage in Europe. Through a hybrid semiotic and Foucauldian analysis of catalogues of eight high-profile exhibitions in the United Kingdom, Turkey, Belgium and Portugal we argue that an unsettled discursive struggle is at play, in which one 'Europe' articulates 'reconciliation' of profound civilizational difference while another, Ottoman, 'Europe' stakes a claim of right as an intrinsic component of what it means to be European in a contemporary context. We attempt to trace the role of museum marketing in the perennial accommodation/exclusion of the Ottoman Empire as an intrinsic component in the diversity of Europe’s cultural heritage