Sneak-Out Principle on Time Scales

In this paper, we show that the so-called sneak-out principle for discrete inequalities is valid also on a general time scale. In particular, we prove some new dynamic inequalities on time scales which as special cases contain discrete inequalities obtained by Bennett and Grosse-Erdmann. The main results also are used to formulate the corresponding continuous integral inequalities, and these are essentially new. The techniques employed in this paper are elementary and rely mainly on the time scales integration by parts rule, the time scales chain rule, the time scales Hölder inequality, and the time scales Minkowski inequality

Gehring Inequalities on Time Scales

In this paper, we first prove a new dynamic inequality based on an application of the time scales version of a Hardy-type inequality. Second, by employing the obtained inequality, we prove several Gehring-type inequalities on time scales. As an application of our Gehring-type inequalities, we present some interpolation and higher integrability theorems on time scales. The results as special cases, when the time scale is equal to the set of all real numbers, contain some known results, and when the time scale is equal to the set of all integers, the results are essentially new

Oscillation of Second Order Nonlinear Dynamic Equations on Time Scales

By means of Riccati transformation techniques, we establish some oscillation criteria for a second order nonlinear dynamic equation on time scales in terms of the coefficients. We give examples of dynamic equations to which previously known oscillation criteria are not applicable

Oscillation Criteria for a Certain Class of Second Order Emden-Fowler Dynamic Equations

By means of Riccati transformation techniques we establish some oscillation criteria for the second order Emden-Fowler dynamic equation on a time scale. Such equations contain the classical Emden-Fowler equation as well as their discrete counterparts. The classical oscillation results of Atkinson (in the superlinear case) and Belohorec (in the sublinear case) are extended in this paper to Emden-Fowler dynamic equations on any time scale

Derivation and Analysis of a Discrete Predator–Prey Model

We derive a discrete predator–prey model from first principles, assuming that the prey population grows to carrying capacity in the absence of predators and that the predator population requires prey in order to grow. The proposed derivation method exploits a technique known from economics that describes the relationship between continuous and discrete compounding of bonds. We extend standard phase plane analysis by introducing the next iterate root-curve associated with the nontrivial prey nullcline. Using this curve in combination with the nullclines and direction field, we show that the prey-only equilibrium is globally asymptotic stability if the prey consumption-energy rate of the predator is below a certain threshold that implies that the maximal rate of change of the predator is negative. We also use a Lyapunov function to provide an alternative proof. If the prey consumption-energy rate is above this threshold, and hence the maximal rate of change of the predator is positive, the discrete phase plane method introduced is used to show that the coexistence equilibrium exists and solutions oscillate around it. We provide the parameter values for which the coexistence equilibrium exists and determine when it is locally asymptotically stable and when it destabilizes by means of a supercritical Neimark–Sacker bifurcation. We bound the amplitude of the closed invariant curves born from the Neimark–Sacker bifurcation as a function of the model parameters

The 8 bits 100 MS/s Pipeline ADC for the INNOTEP Project – TWEPP-09

This paper describes the Analog to Digital Converter developed for the front end electronic of the IN2P3 INNOTEP project by the “pole microelectronique Rhone-Auvergne”. (Collaboration between LPC Clermont-Ferrand and IPNL Lyon). This ADC is a 4 stages 2.5 bits per stage pipe line with open loops track and holds and amplifiers. It runs at 100MSamples/s and has 8 bits resolution. The stages used two lines, the gain line and the comparison line, with most operators running in current. The main idea of this current line is to make a first step toward an all in current structure. Currently, this ADC is designed with a 0,35μm SiGe technology

TLR4 Deficiency Protects against Hepatic Fibrosis and Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Pre-Carcinogenic Liver Injury in Fibrotic Liver

Background The development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common consequence of advanced liver fibrosis but the interactions between fibrogenesis and carcinogenesis are still poorly understood. Recently it has been shown that HCC promotion depends on Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4. Pre-cancerogenous events can be modelled in mice by the administration of a single dose of diethylnitrosamine (DEN), with HCC formation depending amongst others on interleukin (IL) 6 production. Mice lacking the hepatocanalicular phosphatidylcholine transporter ABCB4 develop liver fibrosis spontaneously, resemble patients with sclerosing cholangitis due to mutations of the orthologous human gene, and represent a valid model to study tumour formation in pre-injured cholestatic liver. The aim of this study was to investigate DEN-induced liver injury in TLR4-deficient mice with biliary fibrosis. Methods ABCB4-deficient mice on the FVB/NJ genetic background were crossed to two distinct genetic backgrounds (TLR4-sufficient C3H/HeN and TLR4-deficient C3H/HeJ) for more than 10 generations. The two congenic knockout and the two corresponding wild-type mouse lines were treated with a single dose of DEN for 48 hours. Phenotypic differences were assessed by measuring hepatic collagen contents, inflammatory markers (ALT, CRP, IL6) as well as hepatic apoptosis (TUNEL) and proliferation (Ki67) rates. Results Hepatic collagen accumulation is significantly reduced in ABCB4-/-:TLR4-/-double-deficient mice. After DEN challenge, apoptosis, proliferation and inflammatory markers are decreased in TLR4-deficient in comparison to TLR4-sufficient mice. When combining ABCB4 and TLR4 deficiency with DEN treatment, hepatic IL6 expression and proliferation rates are lowest in fibrotic livers from the double-deficient line. Consistent with these effects, selective digestive tract decontamination in ABCB4-/- mice also led to reduced tumor size and number after DEN. Conclusion This study demonstrates that liver injury upon DEN challenge depends on pre-existing fibrosis and genetic background. The generation of ABCB4-/: TLR4-/- double-deficient mice illustrates that TLR4-deficiency protects against hepatic injury in a preclinical mouse model of chronic liver disease

A Charge-Sensitive Amplifier Associated with APD or PMT for Positron Emission Tomography Scanners

to be presented at the 32nd International Convention MIPRO (Microeectronics, Electronics, and Electronic Technology (MEET)), Opatija, Croatia, May 25-29 2009We present a Charge-Sensitive Amplifier (CSA) to be coupled with a 511-KeV 2-photon detector for positron emission tomography scanners. The circuit has been designed to be associated with an Avalanche Photodiode (APD) or Photo-Multiplier Tube (PMT) with large capacitance. It is a two-stage structure. The input stage consists of a foldedcascode fully-differential part and a common-mode feedback (CMFB) circuit. The output stage employs complementary source followers. The amplifier has been designed in a 0.35μm BiCMOS process with optimization of noise and speed performances to meet specific constraints. Its main characteristics evaluated by post-layout simulations are: 70-dB DC gain, 4.6-GHz GBW, 20-ns peaking time for pulsed stimulus, 3900-electron equivalent input noise charge (ENC), 135-mW power consumption at 3.5 V supply

Contribution of HEP electronics techniques to the medical imaging field

présenté par P.-E. Vert, proceedings sous forme de CD Imagerie Médical