»Play it again, Sam« – Levels of Complexity in Encoding Performance Personnel

Capturing the personnel needed to perform a musical work in MEI metadata is straightforward with standard ensemble configurations, such as string quartets. In contrast, it can be highly complex for extensive orchestral settings, stage music, or, e.g., twentieth-century ‘Neue Musik.’ Especially in the latter case, the degree of possible variation is virtually limitless. While MEI 4.0.1 offers places within (descendants of , ) for capturing such data and provides means for quite complicated data structures through, e.g., nesting or referencing, there is still room for improvement. First of all, data structures should stay as simple and generic as possible. That is to say, that structural modification and a more detailed description of MEI's data model for the benefit of a more concise encoding should be the target, especially when envisioning a more structured encoding of more complex setups. For example, representing dependencies between performers and instruments is extremely limited in the data model for in MEI 4.0.1 (see definition of and also Gubsch & Ried, 2021). This poster takes as a starting point issues from two edition projects dealing with music from the twentieth century to illustrate philological intricacies and investigate the possibilities to encode them with MEI 4.0.1

Over-expression of mitochondrial creatine kinase in the murine heart improves functional recovery and protects against injury following ischaemia–reperfusion

Aims Mitochondrial creatine kinase (MtCK) couples ATP production via oxidative phosphorylation to phosphocreatine in the cytosol, which acts as a mobile energy store available for regeneration of ATP at times of high demand. We hypothesized that elevating MtCK would be beneficial in ischaemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury. Methods and results Mice were created over-expressing the sarcomeric MtCK gene with αMHC promoter at the Rosa26 locus (MtCK-OE) and compared with wild-type (WT) littermates. MtCK activity was 27% higher than WT, with no change in other CK isoenzymes or creatine levels. Electron microscopy confirmed normal mitochondrial cell density and mitochondrial localization of transgenic protein. Respiration in isolated mitochondria was unaltered and metabolomic analysis by 1 H-NMR suggests that cellular metabolism was not grossly affected by transgene expression. There were no significant differences in cardiac structure or function under baseline conditions by cine-MRI or LV haemodynamics. In Langendorff-perfused hearts subjected to 20 min ischaemia and 30 min reperfusion, MtCK-OE exhibited less ischaemic contracture, and improved functional recovery (Rate pressure product 58% above WT; P < 0.001). These hearts had reduced myocardial infarct size, which was confirmed in vivo: 55 ± 4% in WT vs. 29 ± 4% in MtCK-OE; P < 0.0001). Isolated cardiomyocytes from MtCK-OE hearts exhibited delayed opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) compared to WT, which was confirmed by reduced mitochondrial swelling in response to calcium. There was no detectable change in the structural integrity of the mitochondrial membrane. Conclusions Modest elevation of MtCK activity in the heart does not adversely affect cellular metabolism, mitochondrial or in vivo cardiac function, but modifies mPTP opening to protect against I/R injury and improve functional recovery. Our findings support MtCK as a prime therapeutic target in myocardial ischaemia

Symposium 002: What Makes a Place Refugee-Ready?

The second annual Agora symposium has again sought out a timely and controversial issue for planners to explore. Investigating a large-scale crisis, such as the current Syrian refugee crisis, disrupts a planner’s day-to-day thinking to reflect on the planning profession’s connection to a seemingly distant planning problem. It is unsurprising that when asked the thought-provoking question, “What makes a place refugee-ready?”, planning student’s’ responses were multifaceted. Citing both domestic and international cases, the authors consider influential policy reforms, spatial analysis, comprehensive transportation plans, and innovative architecture and design to inform their answers. It is the variety of responses that expose the true complexity of this crisis. Yet all of the articles reveal that despite historical precedent, we were not prepared for this humanitarian crisis.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/120315/1/Symposium002_RefugeeReady.pd

Case Report: Cambodian National Malaria Surveillance Program Detection of Plasmodium knowlesi.

Despite recent success in reducing the regional incidence of Plasmodium falciparum malaria, cases of zoonotic malaria are on the rise in Southeast Asia. The Cambodian National Malaria Surveillance Program has previously relied on rapid diagnostic tests and blood smear microscopy with confirmatory polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing in a subset of cases to further distinguish P. falciparum, P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. vivax species. Here, metagenomic next-generation sequencing identified P. knowlesi mono-infection in six Cambodian patients initially diagnosed with P. malariae by blood smear microscopy in February-May 2020. These findings of recent human infections with P. knowlesi in Cambodia led to the incorporation of P. knowlesi-specific PCR diagnostics to national malaria surveillance efforts

Iliac Screws May Not Be Necessary In Long-Segment Constructs With L5€“S1 Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Cadaveric Study Of Stability And Instrumentation Strain

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Lumbosacral pseudoarthrosis and instrumentation failure is common with long-segment constructs. Optimizing lumbosacral construct biomechanics may help to reduce failure rates. The influence of iliac screws and interbody type on range of motion (ROM), rod strain (RS), sacral screw strain (SS)is not well-established. PURPOSE: Investigate the effects of transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF), anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF), and iliac screws on long-segment lumbosacral construct biomechanics. STUDY DESIGN: Biomechanical study. PATIENT SAMPLE: Fourteen human cadaveric spine specimens. OUTCOME MEASURES: Lumbosacral ROM, RS, and SS. METHODS: Specimens were potted at L1 and the ilium. Specimens were equally divided into either an L5–S1 ALIF or TLIF group and underwent testing in the following conditions: (1)intact (2)L2–S1 pedicle screw rod fixation (PSR-S)(3)L2-ilium (PSR-I)(4)PSR-S+ALIF (ALIF-S)or TLIF (TLIF-S)(5)PSR-I + ALIF (ALIF-I)or TLIF (TLIF-I). Pure moment bending (7.5 Nm)in flexion, extension, lateral bending, axial rotation, and compressive loads (400N)were applied and ROM, SS, and RS were measured. Comparisons were performed using a one-way ANOVA (p\u3c.05). RESULTS: ALIF-S and TLIF-S provided similar decreases in ROM as TLIF-I (p\u3e.05). Compared to PSR-S, PSR-I significantly decreased SS during bending in all directions (p\u3c.02)but increased RS in flexion and extension (p≤.02). Anterior lumbar interbody fusion-S provided similar decreases in SS as TLIF-I in all directions (p\u3e.40)but had significantly less RS than TLIF-I in flexion, extension, compression (p\u3c.01). TLIF-S had more SS than TLIF-I in flexion, extension, axial rotation (p\u3c.02), while TLIF-S had less RS only in flexion (p=.03). Compared to PSR-I, ALIF-I decreased the RS (p\u3c.02)but TLIF-I did not (p\u3e.67). CONCLUSIONS: Iliac screws were protective of SS but increased RS at the lumbosacral junction. Constructs with ALIF and no iliac screws result in comparable SS as constructs with TLIF and iliac screws with significantly reduced RS. If iliac screws are utilized, ALIF but not TLIF reduces the iliac screw-induced RS. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: There is a relatively high incidence of lumbosacral instrumentation failure in adult spinal deformity. Optimizing lumbosacral construct biomechanics may help to reduce failure rates. Iliac screws induce lumbosacral rod strain and may be responsible for instrumentation failure. Constructs with lumbosacral ALIF reduce iliac-screw induced rod strain and may obviate the need for fixation to the ilium

Biomechanical Testing of a 3D-printed L5 Vertebral Body Model

Background We examined the biomechanical performance of a three-dimensional (3D)-printed vertebra on pedicle screw insertional torque (IT), axial pullout (APO), and stiffness (ST) testing. Materials and methods Seventy-three anatomically identical L5 vertebral body models (146 pedicles) were printed and tested for IT, APO, and ST using single-threaded pedicle screws of equivalent diameter (6.5 mm), length (40.0 mm), and thread pitch (2.6 mm). Print properties (material, cortical thickness [number of shells], cancellous density [in-fill], in-fill pattern, print orientation) varied among models. One-way analysis of variance was performed to evaluate the effects of variables on outcomes. Results The type of material significantly affected IT, APO, and ST (P \u3c 0.001, all comparisons). For acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) models, in-fill density (25-35%) had a positive linear association with APO (P = 0.002), ST (P = 0.008), and IT (P = 0.10); similarly for the polylactic acid (PLA) models, APO (P = 0.001), IT (P \u3c 0.001), and ST (P = 0.14). For the nylon material type, in-fill density did not affect any tested parameter. For a given in-fill density, material, and print orientation, the in-fill pattern significantly affected IT (P = 0.002) and APO (P = 0.03) but not ST (P = 0.23). Print orientation also significantly affected IT (P \u3c 0.001), APO (P \u3c 0.001), and ST (P = 0.002). Conclusions 3D-printed vertebral body models with specific print parameters can be designed to perform analogously to human bone on pedicle screw tests of IT, APO, and ST. Altering the material, in-fill density, in-fill pattern, and print orientation of synthetic vertebral body models could reliably produce a model that mimics bone of a specific bone mineral density

Climate urbanism as critical urban theory

As urban actors engage in climate action, their projects – from urban greening to changes in urban energy systems – reshape not just the urban built environment but also the organization of social life. This new climate urbanism invites to reimagine what it means to be urban in a climate-changed world. We propose the articulation of climate urbanism as a critical theory that both exposes the production of further inequalities associated with urban responses to climate change and provides new radical forms of practice for more progressive urban futures under climate change