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In vitro study on the cell adhesion ability of immobilized lactobacilli on natural supports
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of probiotic immobilization onto wheat grains, both wet and freeze dried, on the adhesion properties of the probiotic cells and make comparisons with wet and freeze dried free cells. Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 and Lactobacillus plantarum NCIMB 8826 were used as model probiotic strains. The results showed satisfactory adhesion ability of free cells to a monolayer of Caco-2 cells (> 1000 CFU/100 Caco-2 cells for wet cells). Cell immobilization resulted in a significant decrease in adhesion, for both wet and freeze dried formulations, most likely because immobilized cells did not have direct access to the Caco-2 cells, but it still remained in adequate levels (> 100 CFU/100 Caco-2 cells for wet cells). No clear correlation could be observed between cell adhesion and the hydrophobicity of the bacterial cells, measured by the hexadecane adhesion assay. Most notably, immobilization enhanced the monolayer integrity of Caco-2 cells, demonstrated by a more than 2-fold increase in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) compared to free cells. SEM micrographs ascertained the adhesion of both immobilized and free cells to the brush border microvilli. Finally, the impact of the food matrix on the adhesion properties of probiotic bacteria and on the design of novel functional products is discussed
Supplementary tables bbm
Supplementary TablesTable S1Bacterial isolates from Matsoni and their genomic features. Table S2Indicator strains used in antimicrobial activity assay and culture conditions. Table S3Phenotypic resistances of isolates from Matsoni to critically important or highly important antimicrobials.Table S4Average nucleotide identity (ANIb) percentage identity among the genomes of isolates from Matsoni and reference strains.Table S5Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) distances.Table S6Predicted antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in the genomes of isolates from Matsoni.Table S7Predicted mobile genetic elements (MGE) associated with antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Table S8Predicted bacteriocin genes in the genomes of the isolates from Matsoni.Table S9General information about prophages predicted in isolates from Matsoni. Table S10Virulence factors predicted in Enterococcus faecalis st237.Table S11Virulence factors predicted in Enterococcus faecium st265.THIS DATASET IS ARCHIVED AT DANS/EASY, BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE HERE. TO VIEW A LIST OF FILES AND ACCESS THE FILES IN THIS DATASET CLICK ON THE DOI-LINK ABOV
Détection et étude de l'expression de gènes de bactériocines de Bactéries lactiques dans les fromages
Nous avons étudié la présence de bactéries lactiques capables de produire des bactériocines dans des fromages traditionnels Slovènes. Dans cinq échantillons de Tolminc (fromage au lait de vache) et quatre échantillons de Kraški ovčji sir (fromage au lait de brebis), nous avons recherché la présence de 19 gènes de bactériocines par PCR. L'ADN a été extrait directement à partir des fromages ainsi qu'à partir de consortia microbiens de ces fromages isolés sur gélose CATC, Rogosa et M17. Nous avons utilisé des tests par diffusion sur gélose pour déterminer l'activité antimicrobienne des consortia sur différentes bactéries indicatrices. L'activité anti-staphylococcique a aussi été déterminée in situ dans du lait et du fromage. L'avantage compétitif des souches productrices de bactériocines a été évalué en effectuant des repiquages successifs des consortia dans du lait. Lors de ces essais, nous avons suivi la présence de différents déterminants génétiques de bactériocines ainsi que l'activité antimicrobienne des consortia. Ces mêmes propriétés ont aussi été déterminées pour des souches individuelles productrices de bactériocines, qui ont été isolées du consortium initial ou de consortia obtenus après propagation dans le lait. La mise en évidence de gènes de bactériocines par PCR dépendait de l'efficacité d'extraction de l'ADN. L'extraction de l'ADN total était plus efficace lorsque l'homogénéisation du fromage était réalisée avec une solution de citrate de sodium. Dans l'ADN issu des fromages et consortia microbiens, nous avons détecté plusieurs gènes de bactériocines. Leur nombre diminuait lors de la propagation dans le lait, ce qui indique un faible avantage compétitif des souches productrices de bactériocines. Les résultats n'ont montré un avantage compétitif que pour des souches comportant des déterminants génétiques de la cytolysine. Nous n'avons détecté une production de bactériocines dans les fromages que lorsque qu'une culture pure d'une souche productrice de nisine A a été ajoutée. La différence entre la détection de déterminants génétiques de bactériocines et l'activité antimicrobienne montre la complexité qui relie ces deux propriétés.En raison des limitations concernant les tests par diffusion sur gélose pour détecter l'expression des gènes in situ, nous avons mis en place une méthode moléculaire basée sur la reverse transcription et la PCR en temps réel. Cette méthode sera très utile pour de futures études concernant le rôle des bactériocines dans les fromages.We examined the presence of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) able to produce different bacteriocins in traditional Slovenian cheeses. In five samples of Tolminc cheese (from cows' milk) and four samples of Kraški ovčji sir (from ewes' milk) we looked for the presence 19 LAB bacteriocins' gene determinants using PCR. The DNA analysed was extracted directly from cheese samples as well as from cultivable microbial consortia of cheese which were isolated on CATC, Rogosa and M17 agar media. We used diffusion tests to determine the antimicrobial activity of microbial consortia against different indicator bacteria. Anti-staphylococcal activity was also determined in situ in milk and cheese. Competitive advantage of bacteriocinogenic strains was examined by consecutive propagation of microbial consortia in milk. During this we followed the presence of different bacteriocin gene determinants and antimicrobial activity of microbial consortia. The same properties were also determined for individual bacteriocinogenic strains that were isolated from initial consortia and from consortia obtained after propagation in milk. The success of finding bacteriocin gene determinants with PCR depended greatly on the efficiency of DNA extraction. The extraction of total DNA was the most successful when sodium citrate was used for cheese homogenisation. In DNA of different cheeses and microbial consortia we detected a number of bacteriocin gene determinants. Their number was reduced during the process of propagation in milk, which indicates a poor competitive advantage of some bacteriocinogenic strains. The results demonstrated competitive advantage only for strains that carried gene determinants for cytolysin. We detected bacteriocin activity in cheese only when monoculture of nisin A producer was added. The discrepancy between detected bacteriocin gene determinants and antimicrobial activity shows the complexity that links these two properties. This method will be very useful in the future studies of the role of bacteriocins in cheese.PARIS-AgroParisTech Centre Paris (751052302) / SudocSudocFranceF
Improvement of LysM-Mediated Surface Display of Designed Ankyrin Repeat Proteins (DARPins) in Recombinant and Nonrecombinant Strains of Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus Species
Quantification of viable spray-dried potential probiotic lactobacilli using real-time PCR
The basic requirement for probiotic bacteria to be able to perform expected positive effects is to be alive. Therefore, appropriate quantification methods are crucial. Bacterial quantification based on nucleic acid detection is increasingly used. Spray-drying (SD) is one of the possibilities to improve the survival of probiotic bacteria against negative environmental effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the survival of spray-dried Lactobacillus plantarum 564 and Lactobacillus paracasei Z-8, and to investigate the impact on some probiotic properties caused by SD of both tested strains. Besides the plate count technique, the aim was to examine the possibility of using propidium monoazide (PMA) in combination with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for determining spray-dried tested strains. The number of intact cells, Lb. plantarum 564 and Lb. paracasei Z-8, was determined by real-time PCR with PMA, and it was similar to the number of investigated strains obtained by the plate count method. Spray-dried Lb. plantarum 564 and Lb. paracasei Z-8 demonstrated very good probiotic ability. It may be concluded that the PMA real-time PCR determination of the viability of probiotic bacteria could complement the plate count method and SD may be a cost-effective way to produce large quantities of some probiotic cultures