148 research outputs found
Concordant HIV Infection and Visceral Leishmaniasis in Ethiopia: The Influence of Antiretroviral Treatment and Other Factors on Outcome
Iodine deficiency in primary school children and knowledge of iodine deficiency and iodized salt among caretakers in Hawassa Town: Southern Ethiopia
Background: More than two billion individuals worldwide have inadequate iodine intake and the adverse consequences of iodine deficiency are widely observed.Objective: To assess the iodine status of primary school children and the knowledge of iodine deficiency disorders among their caretakers.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Hawassa Town, Southern Ethiopia. The study participants were school children (n=116) aged 7-9 years. A two-stage sampling method was used to select participants. Goiter and urinary iodine concentration were measured in the children to evaluate their iodine status. Socioeconomic characteristics, dietary patterns and caretaker knowledge of iodine deficiency were assessed by using questionnaires. Household salt iodine concentration was also measured.Results: Total goiter rate was 13.6% and was significantly associated with age [AOR=13.4 (3.2-55.7)]. Eighty two percent of the children had urinary iodine concentration below 50 ĂŹg/L, indicating the presence of moderate iodine deficiency. None of the households were using adequately iodized salt. More than half of the respondents did notknow about the importance of iodized salt. Conclusion: The observed degree of iodine deficiency in children and the limited knowledge about iodine in an urban area such as Hawassa stress the urgent need for implementing interventions to combat iodine deficiency. [Ethiop. J. Health Dev. 2012;26(1):30-35
Prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms and their determinant factors among patients with cancer in southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
ObjectiveThe study was aimed to assess the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms and their determinant factors among patients with cancer attending follow-up at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital cancer treatment centre, Ethiopia.DesignInstitution-based cross-sectional study design was implemented.SettingPatients with cancer at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital cancer treatment centre from October 2019 to December 2019.ParticipantsRandomly selected 415 patients with cancer who had follow-up at cancer treatment centre.Main outcome measuresAnxiety and depression symptoms were assessed using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.ResultThe prevalence rates of depression and anxiety symptoms were found to be 244 (58.8%) and 249 (60.0%), respectively. Older age (>50 years) (AOR (adjusted OR)=2.24, 95%âCI=1.14 to 4.40), being unemployed (AOR=1.96, 95% CI=1.08 to 3.56), advanced stage of cancer such as stage III (AOR=5.37, 95% CI=1.34 to 21.45) and stage IV (AOR=4.55, 95% CI=1.12 to 18.44), comorbid psychotic symptoms (AOR=1.67, 95% CI=1.07 to 2.61) and eating problem in the past 2âweeks (AOR=6.16, 95% CI=1.98 to 19.11) were independent factors significantly associated with depressive symptoms. In addition, cancer stage such as stage II (AOR=3.92, 95% CI=1.07 to 14.36) and stage IV (AOR=5.04, 95% CI=1.44 to 17.59) and comorbid psychotic symptoms (AOR=1.73, 95% CI=1.12 to 2.66) were significantly associated with anxiety symptoms.ConclusionDepression and anxiety symptoms among patients with cancer were considerably high. Age, occupation, cancer stage, comorbid psychotic symptoms and eating problem were determinant factors of depressive symptoms among patients with cancer. Moreover, cancer stage and comorbid psychosis were determinants of anxiety symptoms. Healthcare professionals working in the oncology unity need to conduct routine screening and treatment of depression and anxiety symptoms for patients with cancer.</jats:sec
âAre CRT upgrade procedures more complex and associated with more complications than de novo CRT implantations?â A single centre experience
Upgrades from a previous device compared to de novo cardiac resynchronization therapy in the European Society of Cardiology CRT Survey II
Background: To date, there are no data from randomized controlled studies on the benefit of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) when implanted as an upgrade in patients with a previous device as compared to de novo CRT. In the CRT Survey II we compared the baseline data of patients upgraded to CRT (CRTâP/CRTâD) from a previous pacemaker (PM) or implantable cardioverterâdefibrillator (ICD) to de novo CRT implantation.
Methods and results: In the European CRT Survey II, clinical practice data of patients undergoing CRT and/or ICD implantation across 42 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) countries were collected between October 2015 and December 2016. Out of a total of 11â088 patients, 2396 (23.2%) were upgraded from a previous PM or ICD and 7933 (76.8%) underwent de novo implantation. Compared to de novo implantations, upgraded patients were older, more often male, more frequently had ischaemic heart failure aetiology, atrial fibrillation, reduced renal function, worse heart failure symptoms, and higher Nâterminal proâBâtype natriuretic peptide levels. Upgraded patients were more often PMâdependent and less frequently received CRTâD. Total periâprocedural, inâhospital complications and length of hospital stay were similar. Upgraded patients were less frequently treated with heart failure medication at discharge.
Conclusion: Despite a lack of evidencedâbased data, close to one quarter of all CRT implantations across 42 ESC countries were upgrades from a previous PM or ICD. Despite older age and worse symptoms, the CRT implantation procedures in upgraded patients were equally frequently successful and complications similar to de novo implantations. These results call for more studies
Prevalence of female genital mutilation and its effect on womenâs health in Bale zone, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Power-efficient distributed resource allocation under goodput QoS constraints for heterogeneous networks
Factors that transformed maize productivity in Ethiopia
Published online: 26 July 2015Maize became increasingly important in the food
security of Ethiopia following the major drought and famine
that occurred in 1984. More than 9 million smallholder house-
holds, more than for any other crop in the country, grow maize
in Ethiopia at present. Ethiopia has doubled its maize produc-
tivity and production in less than two decades. The yield,
currently estimated at >3 metric tons/ha, is the second highest
in Sub-Saharan Africa, after South Africa; yield gains for
Ethiopia grew at an annual rate of 68 kg/ha between 1990
and 2013, only second to South Africa and greater than
Mexico, China, or India. The maize area covered by improved
varieties in Ethiopia grew from 14 % in 2004 to 40 % in 2013,
and the application rate of mineral fertilizers from 16 to 34 kg/
ha during the same period. Ethiopia
â
s extension worker to
farmer ratio is 1:476, compared to 1:1000 for Kenya, 1:1603
for Malawi and 1:2500 for Tanzania. Increased use of im-
proved maize varieties and mineral fertilizers, coupled with
increased extension services and the absence of devastating
droughts are the key factors promoting the accelerated growth
in maize productivity in Ethiopia. Ethiopia took a homegrown
solutions approach to the research and development of its
maize and other commodities. The lesson from Ethiopia
â
s
experience with maize is that sustained investment in agricul-
tural research and development and policy support by the
national government are crucial for continued growth of
agricultur
Maternal common mental disorders and infant development in Ethiopia : the P-MaMiE Birth Cohort
Background: Chronicity and severity of early exposure to maternal common mental disorders (CMD) has been associated with poorer infant development in high-income countries. In low- and middle-income countries (LAMICs), perinatal CMD is inconsistently associated with infant development, but the impact of severity and persistence has not been examined. Methods: A nested population-based cohort of 258 pregnant women was identified from the Perinatal Maternal Mental Disorder in Ethiopia (P-MaMiE) study, and 194 (75.2%) were successfully followed up until the infants were 12 months of age. Maternal CMD was measured in pregnancy and at two and 12 months postnatal using the WHO Self-Reporting Questionnaire, validated for use in this setting. Infant outcomes were evaluated using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. Results: Antenatal maternal CMD symptoms were associated with poorer infant motor development ( β ^ -0.20; 95% CI: -0.37 to -0.03), but this became non-significant after adjusting for confounders. Postnatal CMD symptoms were not associated with any domain of infant development. There was evidence of a dose-response relationship between the number of time-points at which the mother had high levels of CMD symptoms (SRQ ⼠6) and impaired infant motor development ( β ^ = -0.80; 95%CI -2.24, 0.65 for ante- or postnatal CMD only, β ^ = -4.19; 95%CI -8.60, 0.21 for ante- and postnatal CMD, compared to no CMD; test-for-trend Ď213.08(1), p < 0.001). Although this association became non-significant in the fully adjusted model, the β ^ coefficients were unchanged indicating that the relationship was not confounded. In multivariable analyses, lower socio-economic status and lower infant weight-for-age were associated with significantly lower scores on both motor and cognitive developmental scales. Maternal experience of physical violence was significantly associated with impaired cognitive development. Conclusions: The study supports the hypothesis that it is the accumulation of risk exposures across time rather than early exposure to maternal CMD per se that is more likely to affect child development. Further investigation of the impact of chronicity of maternal CMD upon child development in LAMICs is indicated. In the Ethiopian setting, poverty, interpersonal violence and infant undernutrition should be targets for interventions to reduce the loss of child developmental potential.Peer Reviewe
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