Bogale, A

Collin, S

Davidson, R N

Ritmeijer, K

ter Horst, R

English

MSF Field Research

A comparison of miltefosine and sodium stibogluconate for treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in an Ethiopian population with high prevalence of HIV infection. Clin Infect Dis

a stable direct agglutination test based on freeze-dried antigen for serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis.

Amphotericin B lipid complex versus no treatment in the secondary prophylaxis of visceral leishmaniasis in HIV-infected patients.

Discontinuation of secondary anti-leishmania prophylaxis in HIV-infected patients who have responded to highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS

Discontinuation of secondary prophylaxis for opportunistic infections in HIV-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS

Effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on the incidence and clinical manifestations of visceral leishmaniasis in human immunodeficiency virus–infected patients. Clin Infect Dis

Emerging Leishmania/HIV co-infection in Africa. Med Microbiol Immunol

Ethiopian visceral leishmaniasis: generic and proprietary sodium stibogluconate are equivalent; HIV coinfected patients have a poor outcome. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg

Frequency of visceral leishmaniasis relapses in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Am J Trop Med Hyg

HIV-1 replication is stimulated by sodium stibogluconate, the therapeutic mainstay in the treatment of leishmaniasis.

HIV-associated visceral leishmaniasis. Clin Microbiol Infect

Immune reconstitution disease associated with parasitic infections following antiretroviral treatment. Parasite Immunol

Leishmania and human immunodeficiency virus coinfection: the first 10 years. Clin Microbiol Rev

Leishmania/ HIV co-infections in the second decade.

Leishmania/HIV co-infection in Brazil: an appraisal. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2003; 97(Suppl 1):17–28.

Leishmania/HIV co-infections: epidemiology in Europe. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2003; 97(Suppl 1):3–15.

Leishmaniasis as an opportunistic infection in HIV-infected patients: determinants of relapse and mortality in a collaborative study of 228 episodes in a Mediterreanean region.

Leishmaniasis in HIV infection.

Organization (WHO). Leishmania/HIV co-infection in southwestern Europe 1990–1998: retrospective analysis of 965 cases.

Organization (WHO). Manual on visceral leishmaniasis.

Pentamidine isethionate as secondary prophylaxis against visceral leishmaniasis in HIV-positive patients. AIDS

Prophylaxis of visceral leishmaniasis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients.

Relapsing visceral leishmaniasis in HIV-infected patients undergoing successful protease inhibitor therapy.

Role of Leishmania donovani and its lipophosphoglycan in CD4+ T-cell activation-induced human immunodeficiency virus replication. Infect Immun

The impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on visceral leishmaniasis in Spanish patients who are coinfected with HIV. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2003; 97(Suppl 1):143–7.

The increase in risk factors for leishmaniasis worldwide. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg

The safety of i.v. pentamidine administered in an ambulatory setting. Chest

Treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in HIV-infected patients: a randomized trial comparing meglumine antimoniate with amphotericin B. Spanish HIV-Leishmania Study Group.

UNAIDS/WHO Working Group on Global HIV/AIDS/STI Surveillance. Guidelines for using HIV testing technologies in surveillance. Report WHO/CDC/CSR/EDC/2001.16. Geneva: World Health Organization,

Visceral leishmaniasis and HIV in Tigray, Ethiopia. Trop Med Int Health

Visceral leishmaniasis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and non-HIV-infected patients: a comparative study. Medicine (Baltimore)

Visceral leishmaniasis in northern Ethiopia. East Afr Med J

Visceral leishmaniasis in the New World and Africa.

Visceral leishmaniasis in those infected with HIV: clinical aspects and other opportunistic infections. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2003; 97(Suppl 1):99–105.

Visceral leishmaniasis: current status of control, diagnosis, and treatment, and a proposed research and development agenda. Lancet Infect Dis

Visceral leishmaniosis in HIVpositive patients: primary infection, reactivation and latent infection: impact of the CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts. AIDS

Concordant HIV Infection and Visceral Leishmaniasis in Ethiopia: The Influence of Antiretroviral Treatment and Other Factors on Outcome

Background: Coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Leishmania donovani visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Africa is an emerging, poorly understood disease. Methods: We evaluated 356 consecutive patients coinfected with HIV and VL treated in Humera, northwest Ethiopia, from February 2003 to October 2006, for risk factors for VL relapse and death and the effect of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Results: During 2928 patient-months of follow-up, 256 VL episodes and 39 deaths occurred. Among 195 patients receiving ART, 31.3% had &gt;/=1 VL episode, and 14.4% died. Among 161 patients who did not receive ART, 26.1% had &gt;/=1 VL episodes, and 6.8% died. A total of 54 patients who received ART and 58 patients who did not receive ART had &gt;/=1 VL relapse. VL relapse among patients receiving ART was associated with a baseline CD4 cell count /=2 previous VL episodes (HR, 3.74; 95% CI, 1.40-10.02). Failure to clear parasites after VL treatment was usually followed by symptomatic VL relapse. Patients who relapsed showed poor CD4 cell count recovery while receiving ART. ART was partially protective against VL relapse (HR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.26-0.82). However, 28% of first VL relapses while receiving ART occurred despite a CD4 cell count &gt;200 cells/muL; in 5% of VL relapses, the CD4 cell count had been &gt;200 cells/muL for &gt;6 months. Factors associated with all-cause mortality among patients receiving ART were baseline CD4 cell count 2 episodes, 3.22 [95% CI, 1.01-10.23]). Conclusions: Concordant HIV infection and VL is a major, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-defining illness with high relapse and mortality rates; ART reduces relapses; and secondary antileishmanial prophylaxis may benefit patients at risk of relapse.Background: Coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Leishmania donovani visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Africa is an emerging, poorly understood disease. Methods: We evaluated 356 consecutive patients coinfected with HIV and VL treated in Humera, northwest Ethiopia, from February 2003 to October 2006, for risk factors for VL relapse and death and the effect of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Results: During 2928 patient-months of follow-up, 256 VL episodes and 39 deaths occurred. Among 195 patients receiving ART, 31.3% had &gt;/=1 VL episode, and 14.4% died. Among 161 patients who did not receive ART, 26.1% had &gt;/=1 VL episodes, and 6.8% died. A total of 54 patients who received ART and 58 patients who did not receive ART had &gt;/=1 VL relapse. VL relapse among patients receiving ART was associated with a baseline CD4 cell count /=2 previous VL episodes (HR, 3.74; 95% CI, 1.40-10.02). Failure to clear parasites after VL treatment was usually followed by symptomatic VL relapse. Patients who relapsed showed poor CD4 cell count recovery while receiving ART. ART was partially protective against VL relapse (HR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.26-0.82). However, 28% of first VL relapses while receiving ART occurred despite a CD4 cell count &gt;200 cells/muL; in 5% of VL relapses, the CD4 cell count had been &gt;200 cells/muL for &gt;6 months. Factors associated with all-cause mortality among patients receiving ART were baseline CD4 cell count 2 episodes, 3.22 [95% CI, 1.01-10.23]). Conclusions: Concordant HIV infection and VL is a major, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-defining illness with high relapse and mortality rates; ART reduces relapses; and secondary antileishmanial prophylaxis may benefit patients at risk of relapse

Collin, SM

Davidson, RN

Explore Bristol Research

Concordant HIV Infection and Visceral Leishmaniasis in Ethiopia: The Influence of Antiretroviral Treatment and Other Factors on Outcome

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

MSF Field Research

Explore Bristol Research