High dillution of Staphysagria and fruit fly biotherapic preparations to manage South American fruit fly, Anastrepha fraterculus, in organic peach orchards.

The peach, Prunus persica, is an important economic crop in southern Brazil, where family farms are predominantly small. The South American fruit fly, Anastrepha fraterculus is a limiting factor to increased production in orchard crops. Increased organic production in Brazil has stimulated research to find ecological based pest management. This research was carried out in order to evaluate the efficacy of preparations at high dilution in managing A. fraterculus in organic peach orchards. Experiments were conducted under field conditions in randomized blocks during 2003/04 and 2004/05. Treatments consisted of A. fraterculus nosodes and Staphysagria homeopathic preparations, both at two high dilution levels, 3CH and 6CH (centesimal hahnemannian dilution method), applied at two spray intervals, 5 and 10 days, and a control. Fruit losses due to A. fraterculus infestation varied from 40 to 98.3%. Although there were significant differences among treatments in the first harvest of two of the three experiments there were no significant differences in the second harvest of any of the experiments. None of the homeopathic preparations reduced the incidence of infested fruit significantly below that of the water control in any of the three experiments. Further studies must combine other strategies such as bagging fruits and planting of early season cultivars. Variation on high dilution potency, dose, and frequency of application must also be considered

Incidência do míldio em cebola sob adubação mineral e orgânica.

Analisou-se a relação entre adubação mineral e orgânica sobre a incidência de míldio (Peronospora destructor) em cebola (Allium cepa). O trabalho constituiu-se de dois experimentos localizados em Ituporanga, conduzidos entre agosto e dezembro de 1998. O experimento 1, com fontes orgânicas, constou dos tratamentos: esterco de suínos, esterco de aves, composto, esterco de peru e húmus, na dosagem de 75 kg/ha de N; esterco de suínos, na dosagem de 37,5 kg/ha de N; adubação mineral, 30-120-60 kg/ha de N-P2O5-K2O; 60-240-120 kg/ha de N-P2O5-K2O e testemunha sem adubação. O experimento 2 constou dos tratamentos: fontes minerais, 30-120-60 kg/ha de N-P2O5-K2O; 90-360-180 kg/ha de N-P2O5-K2O; 75 kg/ha de N; 225 kg/ha de N; 80 kg/ha de P2O5; 240 kg/ha de P2O5; 60 kg/ha de K2O; 180 kg/ha de K2O; esterco de suínos + fosfato natural, em três combinações, 7,9+0,1, 15,7+0,2 e 47,2+0,6 t/ha, respectivamente; testemunha sem adubação. Não houve diferença entre as fontes mineral e orgânica sobre a incidência de míldio. A relação entre nutrientes e doença foi variável entre datas de amostragem e distinta para fontes minerais e orgânicas

Efeitos dos inseticidas utilizados no controle de Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biótipo B e sua seletividade aos inimigos naturais na cultura da soja.

RESUMO:Nas últimas safras a mosca-branca, Bemisia tabaci biótipo B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) tornou-se praga de importância econômica para a cultura da soja devido à ocorrência de altas infestações e à dificuldade de controle desta praga. Sendo assim, é importante buscar alternativas de manejo com base em um programa de manejo integrado de pragas. Assim, avaliaram-se neste trabalho a eficiência de diferentes inseticidas no controle da mosca-branca em casa-de-vegetação e a seletividade destes aos parasitoides Encarsia formosa, Trichogramma pretiosum e Telenomus remus. Buprofezina 150 g i.a. ha-1 + óleo mineral 0,2% v/v e piriproxifem 100 g. i.a. ha-1 foram consideradas as melhores opções para uso no manejo da mosca-branca devido à boa eficiência de controle da praga associada com a maior seletividade aos parasitoides estudados à exceção de Encarsia formosa para o qual nenhum dos tratamentos avaliados foi classificado como seletivo. Beta-ciflutrina 9,375 +imidacloprido 75 g. i.a. ha-1 foi eficiente no controle de ninfas, mas não foi seletivo aos inimigos naturais avaliados. Em geral, os tratamentos contendo piretróides na sua composição (beta-ciflutrina 9,375 + imidacloprido 75 + espiromesifeno 60 g. i.a. ha-1; beta-ciflutrina 9,375 + imidacloprido 75 g. i.a. ha-1 e lambda-cialotrina 26,5 + tiametoxam 35,25 g i.a. ha-1) foram os mais nocivos aos parasitoides avaliados, portanto seu uso deve ser evitado sempre que possível. ABSTRACT: Effects of insecticides used in Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B control and their selectivity to natural enemies in soybean crop in recent crop seasons, the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci biotype B has become a serious pest in soybean crops due to high infestations and its control difficulties. Therefore, it is important to search control alternatives in the integrated pest management approach. Thus, it was evaluated in this study the efficacy of the whitefly control using different insecticides in greenhouse conditions and their selectivity to the parasitoids Encarsia formosa, Trichogramma pretiosum and Telenomus remus. Buprofezin 150 g. a.i.ha-1 + mineral oil 0.2% v/v and pyriproxyfen 100 g. a.i.ha-1 were considered the best options for the whitefly management due to combine good pest control efficacy with higher selectivity to the parasitoids except Encarsia formosa for which no treatment was classified as harmless. Betacyflutrin 9.375 + imidacloprid 75 g. i.a. ha-1 was efficient on controlling whiteflies nymphs but was not harmless to the studied natural enemies. In general, the treatments including pyretroids compounds (betacyflutrin 9.375 + imidacloprid 75 + spiromesifen 60, betacyflutrin 9.375 + imidacloprid 75 and lambda-cyhalothrin 26.5 + thiametoxan 35.25 g. a.i. ha-1) were the most harmful to the evaluated parasitoids and therefore it use should be avoid whenever possible

Avaliação da utilização de Nim Indiano em associação com silício e potássio no manejo da Mosca Branca na cultura da soja.

RESUMO: Avaliou-se o uso do produto comercial Organic Neem® e sua associação com o fertilizante à base de silício e potássio Sili-k®, no manejo de Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biótipo B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), em casa de vegetação. Realizou-se a aplicação dos tratamentos nas plantas de soja, cultivadas em vasos plásticos, antes e após a infestação artificial pelos adultos da mosca-branca. Os tratamentos foram: Organic Neem® 1L ha-1, Sili-k® 1L ha-1, Organic Neem® 1L ha-1 + Sili-k® 1L ha-1 e testemunha (água). Os resultados mostraram que nenhum dos tratamentos tem ação satisfatória na redução da população da mosca-branca na cultura da soja. ABSTRACT: In this work, the use of the commercial product Organic Neem® and its association with the fertilizer Sili-k® containing silicon and potassium was evaluated in the management of the withefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) under greenhouse conditions. The application of the treatments in soybean plants grown in plastic vases was performed before and after artificial infestation of whitefly adults. The treatments were: Organic Neem® 1L ha-1, Sili-k® 1L ha-1, Organic Neem® 1L ha-1 + Sili-k® 1L ha-1 and control (water). The results showed that none of the tested treatments had satisfactory action in reducing the withefly population in soybean

Ocorrência e danos de Sternechus subsignatus em dois sistemas de preparo de solo.

bitstream/item/133680/1/ID12886-1987-1988sojaresultados-p94-99.pdfTrabalho apresentado na XVI Reunião de Pesquisa de Soja da Região Sul, Santa Maria, 1988

On religion and cultural policy: notes on the Roman Catholic Church

This paper argues that religious institutions have largely been neglected within the study of cultural policy. This is attributed to the inherently secular tendency of most modern social sciences. Despite the predominance of the ‘secularisation paradigm’, the paper notes that religion continues to promote powerful attachments and denunciations. Arguments between the ‘new atheists’, in particular, Richard Dawkins, and their opponents are discussed, as is Habermas’s conciliatory encounter with Joseph Ratzinger (later Pope Benedict XVI). The paper then moves to a consideration of the Roman Catholic Church as an agent of cultural policy, whose overriding aim is the promotion of ‘Christian consciousness’. Discussion focuses on the contested meanings of this, with reference to (1) the deliberations of Vatican II and (2) the exercise of theological and cultural authority by the Pope and the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF). It is argued that these doctrinal disputes intersect with secular notions of social and cultural policy and warrant attention outside the specialist realm of theological discourse

Cultural Consumption Through the Epistemologies of the South: 'Humanization' in Transnational Football Fan Solidarities

In 2014, Boaventura de Sousa Santos awoke the global sociological community to the need to privilege ‘humanization’ in the exploration of transnational solidarities. This article presents the cultural consumption of a football club – Liverpool FC – to understand the common ‘love’, ‘suffering’, ‘care’ and ‘knowledge’ that fans who are part of the ‘Brazil Reds’ or ‘Switzerland Reds’ (although not all fans engaged in such communities are ‘from’ Brazil or Switzerland) experience. The argument is that the global North lexicon of social class, ethnicity, gender and, especially, nationality is less significant as starting points for analysis than humanization through shared love, which consolidates Liverpool FC fans’ transnational solidarities. Accordingly, the article calls for the epistemologies of the global South to be used to understand the practices of cultural consumption that constitute activities in the sphere of everyday life, such as those involved in ‘love’ for a football club

Diagnóstico de adultos de Drosophila suzukii e Zaprionus sp. em duas regiões produtoras de morango do Rio Grande do Sul.

A família Drosophilidae (Diptera) abriga espécies que causam prejuízos à agricultura, infestando diferentes frutíferas em todo o mundo.Agropecuária catarinense, v. 31, n. 2, mai./ago. 2018

On our own terms : the working conditions of internet-based sex workers in the UK

The sex industry is increasingly operated through online technologies, whether this is selling services online through webcam or advertising, marketing or organising sex work through the Internet and digital technologies. Using data from a survey of 240 internet-based sex workers (members of the National Ugly Mug reporting scheme in the UK), we discuss the working conditions of this type of work. We look at the basic working patterns, trajectories and everyday experiences of doing sex work via an online medium and the impact this has on the lives of sex workers. For instance, we look at levels of control individuals have over their working conditions, prices, clientele and services sold, and discuss how this is mediated online and placed in relation to job satisfaction. The second key finding is the experience of different forms of crimes individuals are exposed to such as harassment and blackmail via the new technologies. We explore the relationship internet-based sex workers have with the police and discuss how current laws in the UK have detrimental effects in terms of safety and access to justice. These findings are placed in the context of the changing landscape of sex markets as the digital turn determines the nature of the majority of commercial sex encounters. These findings contribute significantly to the populist coercion/choice political debates by demonstrating levels and types of agency and autonomy experienced by some sex workers despite working in a criminalized, precarious and sometimes dangerous context

Violent and non-violent crimes against sex workers : the influence of the sex market on reporting practices in the United Kingdom

Previous research has shown that sex workers experience extremely high rates of victimization but are often reluctant to report their experiences to the police. This paper explores how the markets in which sex workers operate in the United Kingdom impact upon the violent and non-violent crimes they report to a national support organization and their willingness to report victimization to the police. We use a secondary quantitative data analysis of 2,056 crime reports submitted to the UK National Ugly Mugs (NUM) scheme between 2012 and 2016. The findings indicate that although violence is the most common crime type reported to NUM, sex workers operating in different markets report varying relative proportions of different types of victimization. We also argue that there is some variation in the level of willingness to share reports with the police across the different sex markets, even when the type crime, presence of violence, and other variables are taken into account. Our finding that street sex workers are most likely to report victimization directly to the police challenges previously held assumptions that criminalization is the key factor preventing sex workers from engaging with the police. Key words: sex work; violence; policing; reported victimizatio