EMR documentation of physician–patient communication following genomic counseling for actionable complex disease and pharmacogenomic results

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/136350/1/cge12820.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/136350/2/cge12820_am.pd

Outcomes of a Comparison Study into a Group-Based Infant Parenting Programme

This paper reports on a quantitative evaluation of a group-based programme designed to promote parent-infant attachment and child development. Whilst group-based parenting programmes are recommended for treating and preventing conduct disorder in older children, there is, as yet, little evidence as to whether they have a positive effect on very young children and their carers’. Recent UK Government initiatives to support families and improve parenting skills in the first 2 years of children’s lives have increased the demand for the delivery and evaluation of community-based programmes. Eighty mother–child dyads were recruited from nine areas to intervention (n = 54) and control condition (n = 26). Baseline measures were collected in the children’s home when the infants were on average 3-months-old, and follow-up measures were collected 6 months post-baseline (N = 63). Mothers’ positive play behaviours were independently coded from video recordings taken in the home. Other measures included self-reported maternal confidence and mental well-being, assessed infant development and home environment. Socio-demographic data was collected once at baseline. After controlling for baseline scores, control mothers were observed to be significantly less sensitive during play with their baby at the 6 months follow-up with a significant increase in confidence. No differences were found between the groups on the other measures. This paper provides limited evidence for the effectiveness of the Incredible Years Parents and Babies group-based programme delivered in the first year of life. Further evaluation, particularly with parents at increased risk of poorer outcomes is needed to confirm and extend these results

Recent developments in genetics and medically assisted reproduction : from research to clinical applications

Two leading European professional societies, the European Society of Human Genetics and the European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology, have worked together since 2004 to evaluate the impact of fast research advances at the interface of assisted reproduction and genetics, including their application into clinical practice. In September 2016, the expert panel met for the third time. The topics discussed highlighted important issues covering the impacts of expanded carrier screening, direct-to-consumer genetic testing, voiding of the presumed anonymity of gamete donors by advanced genetic testing, advances in the research of genetic causes underlying male and female infertility, utilisation of massively parallel sequencing in preimplantation genetic testing and non-invasive prenatal screening, mitochondrial replacement in human oocytes, and additionally, issues related to cross-generational epigenetic inheritance following IVF and germline genome editing. The resulting paper represents a consensus of both professional societies involved.Peer reviewe

Association between parent-infant interactions in infancy and disruptive behaviour disorders at age seven: a nested, case–control ALSPAC study

Background Effective early intervention to prevent oppositional/conduct disorders requires early identification of children at risk. Patterns of parent-child interaction may predict oppositional/conduct disorders but large community-based prospective studies are needed to evaluate this possibility. Methods We sought to examine whether the Mellow Parenting Observational System (MPOS) used to assess parent-infant interactions at one year was associated with psychopathology at age 7. The MPOS assesses positive and negative interactions between parent and child. It examines six dimensions: anticipation of child’s needs, responsiveness, autonomy, cooperation, containment of child distress, and control/conflict; these are summed to produce measures of total positive and negative interactions. We examined videos from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) sub-cohort who attended the ‘Children in Focus’ clinic at one year of age. Our sample comprised 180 videos of parent-infant interaction: 60 from infants who received a psychiatric diagnostic categorisation at seven years and 120 randomly selected controls who were group-matched on sex. Results A negative association between positive interactions and oppositional/conduct disorders was found. With the exception of pervasive developmental disorders (autism), an increase of one positive interaction per minute predicted a 15% (95% CI: 4% to 26%) reduction in the odds of the infant being case diagnosed. There was no statistically significant relationship between negative parenting interactions and oppositional/conduct disorders, although negative interactions were rarely observed in this setting. Conclusions The Mellow Parenting Observation System, specifically low scores for positive parenting interactions (such as Responsiveness which encompasses parental warmth towards the infant), predicted later psychiatric diagnostic categorisation of oppositional/conduct disorders

An Examination of the Developmental Pathways Model for Oppositional Defiant Disorder in a Twin Sample

A recent model suggested by Loeber and Burke (2011) attempts to clarify the association between ODD and the development of later internalizing and externalizing disorders. In this model, there are two separate clusters of ODD symptoms, behavioral and affective symptoms. The affective cluster of symptoms consists of ODD symptoms \u22touchy\u22, \u22spiteful/ vindictive\u22, and \u22angry\u22, and is more likely to lead to internalizing disorders. The behavioral cluster of symptoms consists of ODD symptoms \u22arguing\u22, \u22being defiant\u22, and \u22losing one\u27s temper\u22 and is more likely to lead to externalizing disorders. The current genetically informative longitudinal study aimed to further the understanding of ODD by examining the relations between ODD symptoms assessed during early to late adolescence and MDD, GAD, and CD assessed five years later. Exploratory factor analyses suggest evidence of a two-factor model of ODD symptoms consistent with the Loeber and Burke (2011) model; however, there was also evidence of cross loadings. Findings from biometrical genetic analyses suggest a single set of genetic and nonshared environmental influences explaining the covariance among the ODD symptoms, and little evidence of shared environmental influences. The correlations between negative affect and oppositional behavior symptoms in adolescence and later MDD and GAD were significant. In contrast, the correlation between ODD symptoms and later CD was not significant. Although the overall covariance between negative affect/oppositional behavior and MDD/GAD was significant, there was inadequate power to determine whether this covariance was due to genetic, shared environmental, and nonshared environmental influences

Speech correction dismissals : a follow-up study of students dismissed from a suburban midwest public elementary school speech correction program while still retaining all or part of their speech problem

Includes bibliographical references.It was the purpose of this study (1) to determine what percentage of children possessing functional articulatory problems, and having failed to achieve the goal of acceptable speech while in a public elementary school speech correction program, have eventually achieved that goal and (2) to investigate certain variables which may be related to or have direct bearing on these results. Sixty-five subjects participated in this study. The articulation of each subject was evaluated, and hit answers to a number of questions were tabulated. It was found that: Approximately 34% of the subjects participating in this study were judged to be articulating their speech sound normally, while the articulation of approximately 66% was found still to be defective. A large percentage of the normally-speaking subjects misarticulated the r, th and l sounds originally, while the subjects still possessing defective speech misarticulated the sibilants, k, g, f and v. The working mother, as a possible cause of speech problems, was discounted by the results of this investigation. The amount and quality of help that the child with defective speech received at home was deficient to the extent that it can be considered the weakest link in the therapeutic chain. An unexpectedly high percentage of the speech- defective group felt that their speech was normal now. Loss of teeth, maloccluded teeth, and the transformation from deciduous to permanent teeth were cited most often as "causes" of speech problems. No subject reported receiving any additional formal speech help beyond his public school speech correction experience.M.A. (Master of Arts