Thrombolyse pour ischémie cérébrale (comparaison "heures ouvrables" versus "heures non ouvrables")

LILLE2-BU Santé-Recherche (593502101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Isolated Subarachnoidal Hemorrhage following Carotid Endarterectomy

Cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome is a rare but well-described complication following carotid endarterectomy or stenting. Clinical signs are ipsilateral, throbbing, unilateral headache with nausea or vomiting, seizures, and neurological deficits, with or without intracerebral abnormalities on CT scan, such as brain edema or intracerebral hemorrhage. Subarachnoidal hemorrhage is rarely described especially if it occurs isolated. We describe a 74-year-old man with a history of high blood pressure, hypercholesterolemia, atrioventricular block with pacemaker, and ischemic cardiopathy with coronary bypass. He underwent right carotid endarterectomy for a 90% NASCET asymptomatic stenosis. Four days after surgery, he complained of unusual headaches with right, throbbing hemicrania. Nine days after surgery, he presented with left hemiplegia and a partial motor seizure. He had fluctuant altered consciousness, left hemiplegia, and left visual and sensory neglect. Brain CT showed right frontal subarachnoidal hemorrhage without parenchymal bleeding. Cerebral angiography found no cerebral aneurysm, no vascular malformation, but a vasospasm of the left middle cerebral artery. Transcranial Doppler confirmed this vasospasm. Evolution was favorable with no recurrence of seizures but with an improvement of the neurological deficits and vasospasm. Physicians should bear in mind this very rare complication of endarterectomy and immediately perform neuroimaging in case of unusual headache following endarterectomy or angioplasty

Measures of Abdominal Adiposity and the Risk of Stroke The MOnica Risk, Genetics, Archiving and Monograph (MORGAM) Study

Background and Purpose—Excess fat accumulates in the subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue compartments. We tested the hypothesis that indicators of visceral adiposity, namely, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), are better predictors of stroke risk than body mass index (BMI).Methods–The association of BMI, WC, WHR, and WHtR with stroke was assessed in 31 201 men and 23 516 women, free of vascular disease at baseline, from the MOnica Risk, Genetics, Archiving and Monograph (MORGAM) study. During a mean follow-up of 11 years, 1130 strokes were recorded. Relative risks (95% CI) were calculated by Cox regression after stratification for center and adjustment for age, smoking, educational level, alcohol consumption, hypertension, diabetes, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and BMI and model fit was assessed using log-likelihoods.Results—BMI, WC, WHR, and WHtR were associated with the risk of stroke in men. After full adjustment including BMI, the relative risks for stroke remained significant for WC (1.19 [1.02 to 1.34] per 1 SD increase in WC), WHR (1.14 [1.03 to 1.26]), and WHtR (1.50 [1.28 to 1.77]). Among women, the extent of the associations with stroke risk was similar for WHtR (1.31 [1.04 to 1.65]), WC (1.19 [0.96 to 1.47]), and WHR (1.08 [0.97 to 1.22]). Further analyses by World Health Organization obesity categories showed that WC, WHR, and WHtR were associated with the risk of stroke also in lean men and women (BMI &lt;25 kg/m2), independently of confounders, cardiovascular risk factors, and BMI.Conclusions—Indicators of abdominal adiposity, especially WHtR, are more strongly associated with stroke risk than BMI. These results emphasize the importance of measuring abdominal adiposity, especially in lean subjects.<br/

Proportion of single-chain recombinant tissue plasminogen activator and outcome after stroke

International audienceTo determine whether the ratio single chain (sc)/(sc + 2 chain [tc]) recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) influences outcomes in patients with cerebral ischemia.METHODS:We prospectively included consecutive patients treated with IV rtPA for cerebral ischemia in 13 stroke centers and determined the sc/(sc + tc) ratio in the treatment administered to each patient. We evaluated the outcome with the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 3 months (prespecified analysis) and occurrence of epileptic seizures (post hoc analysis). We registered Outcome of Patients Treated by IV Rt-PA for Cerebral Ischaemia According to the Ratio Sc-tPA/Tc-tPA (OPHELIE) under ClinicalTrials.gov identifier no. NCT01614080.RESULTS:We recruited 1,004 patients (515 men, median age 75 years, median onset-to-needle time 170 minutes, median NIH Stroke Scale score 10). We found no statistical association between sc/(sc + tc) ratios and handicap (mRS > 1), dependency (mRS > 2), or death at 3 months. Patients with symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhages had lower ratios (median 69% vs 72%, adjusted p = 0.003). The sc/(sc + tc) rtPA ratio did not differ between patients with and without seizures, but patients with early seizures were more likely to have received a sc/(sc + tc) rtPA ratio >80.5% (odds ratio 3.61; 95% confidence interval 1.26-10.34).CONCLUSIONS:The sc/(sc + tc) rtPA ratio does not influence outcomes in patients with cerebral ischemia. The capacity of rtPA to modulate NMDA receptor signaling might be associated with early seizures, but we observed this effect only in patients with a ratio of sc/(sc + tc) rtPA >80.5% in a post hoc analysis