13,245 research outputs found
Waldschmidt constants for Stanley-Reisner ideals of a class of graphs
In the present note we study Waldschmidt constants of Stanley-Reisner ideals
of a hypergraph and a graph with vertices forming a bipyramid over a planar
n-gon. The case of the hypergraph has been studied by Bocci and Franci. We
reprove their main result. The case of the graph is new. Interestingly, both
cases provide series of ideals with Waldschmidt constants descending to 1. It
would be interesting to known if there are bounded ascending sequences of
Waldschmidt constants.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figure
Hydrogen vs. Battery in the long-term operation. A comparative between energy management strategies for hybrid renewable microgrids
The growth of the world’s energy demand over recent decades in relation to energy intensity and demography is clear. At the same time, the use of renewable energy sources is pursued to address decarbonization targets, but the stochasticity of renewable energy systems produces an increasing need for management systems to supply such energy volume while guaranteeing, at the same time, the security and reliability of the microgrids. Locally distributed energy storage systems (ESS) may provide the capacity to temporarily decouple production and demand. In this sense, the most implemented ESS in local energy districts are small–medium-scale electrochemical batteries. However, hydrogen systems are viable for storing larger energy quantities thanks to its intrinsic high mass-energy density. To match generation, demand and storage, energy management systems (EMSs) become crucial. This paper compares two strategies for an energy management system based on hydrogen-priority vs. battery-priority for the operation of a hybrid renewable microgrid. The overall performance of the two mentioned strategies is compared in the long-term operation via a set of evaluation parameters defined by the unmet load, storage efficiency, operating hours and cumulative energy. The results show that the hydrogen-priority strategy allows the microgrid to be led towards island operation because it saves a higher amount of energy, while the battery-priority strategy reduces the energy efficiency in the storage round trip. The main contribution of this work lies in the demonstration that conventional EMS for microgrids’ operation based on battery-priority strategy should turn into hydrogen-priority to keep the reliability and independence of the microgrid in the long-term operation
Energy and economic analysis of a residential Solar Organic Rankine plant
To answer the actual energy, water, economic, social and environmental challenges, renewable, distributed power plants need to
be developed. Among renewables, solar tri-generative power plants can be a solution where there is big low temperature
heating/cooling demand and small electricity demand, like many residential and industrial utilities. In this case, solar thermal
plants can produce thermal energy with low cost and high efficiency. The higher temperature heat not needed by the user can be
exploited via Organic Rankine Cycle to produce electrical energy and desalinized water via reverse osmosis. The present paper
analyses, via TRNSYS simulation, a system composed of 50 m2
of CPC solar thermal collectors, 3 m3
of thermal storage, a
synthetic heat transfer fluid, 3 kWe ORC, 8 kWth absorber, 200 l/h direct reverse osmosis desalination device. The system is able
to produce power, heating/cooling and fresh water needs for a residential house. Although system’s components are well known
technologies, the integration to a efficient and economic working system is still a challenge. Global energy and economic
analyses have been performed. Low temperature heating/cooling terminals allow to increase not only the use of thermal energy
but also the ORCand absorber efficiency. ORC-Absorber configuration and relative fluids and temperatures are central.
Government support and/or cost reduction of 30% are necessary to have positive NPV and acceptable PBT and IR
The Waldschmidt constant for squarefree monomial ideals
Given a squarefree monomial ideal , we show
that , the Waldschmidt constant of , can be expressed as
the optimal solution to a linear program constructed from the primary
decomposition of . By applying results from fractional graph theory, we can
then express in terms of the fractional chromatic number of
a hypergraph also constructed from the primary decomposition of . Moreover,
expressing as the solution to a linear program enables us
to prove a Chudnovsky-like lower bound on , thus verifying a
conjecture of Cooper-Embree-H\`a-Hoefel for monomial ideals in the squarefree
case. As an application, we compute the Waldschmidt constant and the resurgence
for some families of squarefree monomial ideals. For example, we determine both
constants for unions of general linear subspaces of with few
components compared to , and we find the Waldschmidt constant for the
Stanley-Reisner ideal of a uniform matroid.Comment: 26 pages. This project was started at the Mathematisches
Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach (MFO) as part of the mini-workshop "Ideals of
Linear Subspaces, Their Symbolic Powers and Waring Problems" held in February
2015. Comments are welcome. Revised version corrects some typos, updates the
references, and clarifies some hypotheses. To appear in the Journal of
Algebraic Combinatoric
Experimental tests to recover the photovoltaic power by battery system
The uncertainty and variability of the Renewable Energy Sources (RES) power plants within the power grid is an open issue. The
present study focuses on the use of batteries to overcome the limitations associated with the photovoltaic inverter operation,
trying to maximize the global energy produced. A set of switches, was placed between a few photovoltaic modules and a
commercial inverter, capable to change configuration of the plant dynamically. Such system stores the power that the inverter is
not able to let into the grid inside batteries. At the base of this optimization, there is the achievement of two main configurations
in which the batteries and the photovoltaic modules are electrically connected in an appropriate manner as a function of inverter
efficiency and thus solar radiation. A control board and the relative program, to change the configuration, was designed and
implemented, based on the value of the measured radiation, current, batteries voltage, and calculated inverter efficiency. Finally
from the cost and impact analysis we can say that, today the technology of lithium batteries, for this application, is still too
expensive in comparison with lead-acid batteries
The organic seed regulations framework in Europe – current status and recommendations for future development
Organic agriculture regulations, in particular European regulation EC 889/2008, prescribe the use of organically produced seed. For many cultivated plants, however, organic seed is often not available. This is mainly because investment in organic plant breeding and seed production has been low in the past. To bridge the gap between organic seed supply and demand, national and European regulations define certain circumstances under which organic producers are permitted to use non-organically produced seed. While the organic sector currently depends on these concessions, they also threaten to impede a further increase in the demand for organic seed, thereby potentially restraining present and future investment in organic seed production and plant breeding. We review the current status of the organic seed regulations framework by analysing key issues such as the role of the national derogation regimes, the role of expert groups, databases and seed prices. Key points are that (a) the situation of the organic seed sector has improved over the last few years; however, (b) reporting on organic seed to the EU by different countries needs to be harmonised; (c) the success of the organic seed sector depends critically on the implementation and improvement of national expert groups; and (d) to protect genetic diversity, the use of local varieties and landraces should not be impeded by organic seed regulations
Editorial: Advances in Invasive and Non-invasive Brain Stimulation for Dystonia and Other Hyperkinetic Movement Disorders
No abstract availabl
Use of bremsstrahlung radiation to identify hidden weak beta- sources: feasibility and possible use in radio-guided surgery
The recent interest in beta- radionuclides for radio-guided surgery derives
from the feature of the beta radiation to release energy in few millimeters of
tissue. Such feature can be used to locate residual tumors with a probe located
in its immediate vicinity, determining the resection margins with an accuracy
of millimeters. The drawback of this technique is that it does not allow to
identify tumors hidden in more than few mm of tissue. Conversely, the
bremsstrahlung X-rays emitted by the interaction of the beta- radiation with
the nuclei of the tissue are relatively penetrating. To complement the beta-
probes, we have therefore developed a detector based on cadmium telluride, an
X-ray detector with a high quantum efficiency working at room temperature. We
measured the secondary emission of bremsstrahlung photons in a target of
Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) with a density similar to living tissue. The
results show that this device allows to detect a 1 ml residual or lymph-node
with an activity of 1 kBq hidden under a layer of 10 mm of PMMA with a 3:1
signal to noise, i.e. with a five sigma discrimination in less than 5 s
FIRST experiment: Fragmentation of Ions Relevant for Space and Therapy
Nuclear fragmentation processes are relevant in different fields of basic research and applied physics and are of particular interest for tumor therapy and for space radiation protection applications. The FIRST (Fragmentation of Ions Relevant for Space and Therapy) experiment at SIS accelerator of GSI laboratory in Darmstadt, has been designed for the measurement of different ions fragmentation cross sections at different energies between 100 and 1000 MeV/nucleon. The experiment is performed by an international collaboration made of institutions from Germany, France, Italy and Spain. The experimental apparatus is partly based on an already existing setup made of the ALADIN magnet, the MUSIC IV TPC, the LAND2 neutron detector and the TOFWALL scintillator TOF system, integrated with newly designed detectors in the interaction Region (IR) around the carbon removable target: a scintillator Start Counter, a Beam Monitor drift chamber, a silicon Vertex Detector and a Proton Tagger for detection of light fragments emitted at large angles (KENTROS). The scientific program of the FIRST experiment started on summer 2011 with the study of the 400 MeV/nucleon 12C beam fragmentation on thin (8mm) carbon targe
State of art of small scale solar powered ORC systems: a review of the different typologies and technology perspectives
Abstract Solar thermoelectric, even for small sizes, is continuing to garner more attention, by virtue of maturation of small size organic Rankine cycle generators, and of small size absorption chiller even if cost and reliability are still not optimal. Indeed, solar thermal power technology improvement would consent to stimulate an ambit already present in Europe and Italy with a well-known tradition and established leadership and efforts focused on a single solar technology would bring to positive effects concerning controllable electric and thermal energy uses. In this context, the present work tries to summarize the possible cycles and fluids that can be applied in a small solar thermal power plant. Despite a plethora of simulated and experimental cycles and fluids, the simplest cycle using near isentropic fluids seems to be the best choice for a small ORC-based CHP system, even if particular attention has to be done to all the sizing parameters (electricity, heating and cooling demand; area and type of solar collector; flow and temperature of the thermal carrier; flow, temperature and pressure of the working fluid; storage volumes; etc.). Indeed, efficiency and reliability of the reported systems are very different, but, it seems that global efficiency of even more than 10% and global cost of even less than 10,000 €/kW can be obtained even at size of few kW if adequate systems are constructed and managed
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