Prevention of dental caries: a review of effective treatments

The objective of this study is to review medical and non medical treatments for prevention of caries. A comprehensive literature search of the most relevant and updated published studies from 01/01/2002 through December 2015 in PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase and Scopus databases regarding the efficacy of strategies and treatments aiming to prevent the development of caries was performed selecting papers on the basis of the Evidence-based Medicine Criteria. We identified thirty systematic reviews on prevention of caries. Analyzing the data the retrieved literature, performance of prevention treatments seems to be high. Prevention treatments may have a relevant impact on the avoiding the development of caries planning

Ingresos por actividades ordinarias y su incidencia en los estados financieros en las empresas constructoras de Pueblo Libre, año 2021

El reconocer correctamente los ingresos por actividades ordinarias al momento de elaborar los estados financieros en una organización es prescindible para obtener una información económica y financiera real. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo general identificar de qué manera los ingresos por actividades ordinarias inciden en los estados financieros en las empresas constructoras de Pueblo Libre. El estudio es de enfoque cuantitativo, siendo una investigación de tipo no experimental básica, con nivel descriptivo y diseño transversal, cuenta con una población de 40 personas y una muestra de 36 trabajadores de las empresas constructoras de Pueblo Libre. Se aplicó la técnica de la encuesta, usando como instrumento de recolección de datos el cuestionario. Este instrumento fue validado a través de juicio de expertos quienes validaron el contenido, para la confiabilidad se usó el estadístico Alpha de Cronbach obteniendo como resultado una alta confiabilidad del instrumento de ambas variables estudiadas y para la validez de las hipótesis se utilizó el estadístico Rho de Spearman. Se concluye que los ingresos por actividades ordinarias no se consideran correctamente al momento de la elaboración de los estados financieros en las empresas constructoras de Pueblo Libre, año 2021

Diabetic ketoacidosis at the onset of disease during a national awareness campaign: a 2-year observational study in children aged 0-18 years

After a previous survey on the incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at onset of type 1 diabetes in children in 2013-2014 in Italy, we aimed to verify a possible decline in the incidence of DKA at onset during a national prevention campaign

Determinants of worse liver‐related outcome according to HDV infection among HBsAg positive persons living with HIV: Data from the ICONA cohort

Objectives: We aimed to study hepatitis D virus (HDV) prevalence and risk of progression to severe liver-related events (SLRE) in HBsAg positive people living with HIV (PLWH) in Italy; role of HDV-RNA copy levels, HCV coinfection and nadir CD4 counts were also investigated.Methods: People living with HIV (PLWH) from Italian Foundation cohort Naive antiretrovirals (ICONA) with available HBsAg and HDV Ab were enrolled. HBsAg, HDV Ab, HDV-RNA and HDV genotypes were tested. Primary end-point: time from first HDV screening to Severe Liver Related Events (SLRE: decompensated cirrhosis, liver transplantation, HCC). Fine-grey regression models were used to evaluate the association of HDV Ab, HDV-RNA, HDV/HCV coinfection, CD4 nadir and outcome. Secondary end-points: time to SLRE or death; HDV Ab and HDV-RNA prevalence.Results: A total of 152/809 (18.8%) HBsAg positive PLWH showed HDV Ab reactivity; 63/93 (67.7%) were HDV-RNA positive. Being male, persons who inject drugs (PWID), HCV Ab positive, with FIB-4 > 3.25 were independent factors of HDV Ab positivity. In a median follow-up of 5 years, 37 PLWH (4.1% at 5-year) developed SLRE and 97 (12.0%) reached the SLRE or death end-point. HDV-RNA positive (independently from HDV-RNA copy level) PLWH had a 4.6-fold (95%CI 2.0-10.5) higher risk of SLRE than HDV negatives. PLWH positive for both HCV Ab and HDV Ab showed the highest independent risk of SLRE (ASHR: 11.9, 95%CI: 4.6-30.9 vs. HCV neg/HDV neg). Nadir CD4 < 200/mL was associated with SLRE (ASHR: 3.9, 95% 1.0-14.5).Conclusions: One-fifth of the HBsAg positive PLWH harbour HDV infection, and are at high risk of progression to advanced liver disease. HCV contributes to worse outcomes. This population needs urgently effective treatments

Converting core compounds into building blocks: The concept of regiochemically exhaustive functionalization

In a model study, 3-fluorophenol and 3-fluoropyridine were converted into all possible regioisomers of the corresponding carboxylic acids by passing through the corresponding organometallic intermediates. As an attempt to generalize the findings reveals, a restricted set of principles and methods suffices to cope with all std. scenarios. The most valuable and versatile tools for the regiochem. exhaustive functionalization of a great variety of substrate patterns are the optionally site-selective metalation (either by reagent/substrate matching or by peripheral coordination control), the use of activating or congesting protective groups and the basicity gradient-driven heavy halogen migration (followed by halogen/metal permutation). [on SciFinder (R)

Metalation and derivatization of all six dichlorobenzotrifluorides: Site selectivities

The metalation of 2,3-, 2,6-, 2,4- and 3,5-dichlorobenzotrifluorides can be readily effected with std. reagents such as lithium diisopropylamide, lithium 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidide, and butyllithium at the chlorine-adjacent 4- and 3-positions and the chlorine-flanked 3- and 4-positions, resp. However, regioselectivity was secured with 2,6-dichlorobenzotrifluoride only under equilibrating conditions as the initial deprotonation occurs simultaneously at the 3- and 4-positions. 3,4-Dichlorobenzotrifluoride requires methyllithium in the presence of potassium tert-butoxide (\"LIM-KOR\" mixt.) to undergo regioselective metalation at the 2-position. All the organometallic intermediates were converted into the corresponding benzoic acids by trapping with carbon dioxide, arguably the most popular electrophile for the characterization of organometallic intermediates. [on SciFinder (R)