Factibilidad tecnica-economica de una plantacion de Physalis peruviana L. localizada en la VII Region del Maule

65 p.La necesidad de encontrar nuevas alternativas de cultivo, debido a la alta demanda por parte de mercados europeos y norteamericanos por frutos no tradicionales, sugirió la conveniencia de hacer un estudio de la factibilidad técnica-económica del Physalis peruviana L. para un predio en la VII región del Maule. Para lograr el objetivo propuesto se utilizó la metodología de análisis y evaluación de proyecto. Se entrevistaron a productores de la zona, para determinar el método de cultivo de Physalis, la oferta y la demanda. Una vez realizado el estudio técnico, se construyó un flujo de caja para cuatro años, observándose que los ingresos netos suben hasta finalizar el proyecto. El estudio arrojó un valor actual neto (VAN) MM$18, lo cual representa un negocio de gran atractivo. Con respecto al análisis del riesgo de pérdidas, se pudo observar que el VAN es positivo hasta un precio de$520 el kilo, es decir, un coste que es de 80% del precio promedio. De acuerdo a esto, se concluyó, que la posibilidad de un VAN positivo fluctúa entre 66% y 75%, arrojando una baja probabilidad de riesgo para el proyecto. De acuerdo a los datos arrojados en este estudio, se concluyó que cultivar Physalis, orientado al mercado exportador es una alternativa rentable y es factible de llevar a cabo en la región del Maule./ ABSTRACT: The need to find new alternative crops has increased with demand from European and U.S. markets for non-traditional fruits. Because of this demand, a study was suggested the technical-economic feasibility of Physalis peruviana L. for a property in the Maule Region. To achieve the objective proposed, a methodology was used for the analysis and project evaluation. Producers in the area were surveyed to determine the demand, supply and prices existing today. Once the technical study, we built a cash flow for four years, noting that net income rises to complete the project. The study yielded a net present value (NPV) MM $18, which represents a very attractive business. With regard to risk analysis of losses, it was noted that the NPV is positive until a price of$ 520 a kilo, that is, a cost that is 80% of the average price. According to this, it was concluded that the possibility of a positive NPV ranges between 66% and 75%, yielding a low probability of risk for the project. According to data produced in this study, it was concluded that growing Physalis oriented to the export market is a profitable alternative and is feasible to implement in the region of Maule

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030