Análisis bioquímico del micelio del hongo Hormoconis resinae en la corrosión de aleaciones aeronáuticas de aluminio

Las diferencias entre el comportamiento corrosivo y no corrosivo de una cepa del hongo Hormoconis resinae sobre aluminio y sus aleaciones aeronáuticas se explicarían a través de análisis bioquímicos del micelio. En trabajos previos, el comportamiento corrosivo se estudió mediante análisis de superficie SEM-EDX, técnicas electroquímicas y ensayos de inmersión. En este trabajo, se llevó a cabo la separación de proteínas del micelio producido por una cepa que perdió su corrosividad y su cultivo a través de tres generaciones. Cultivos en batch, en presencia y ausencia de aluminio y sus aleaciones AA 2024, AA 7005 y AA 7075, a través de tres generaciones del micelio crecido, fueron recuperando sus características, incluida su habitual corrosividad, en la tercera replicación. De las fracciones de biomoléculas separadas y analizadas durante este estudio preliminar, sólo, las fracciones proteicas revelaron cambios de una a otra generación. Cuando esta cepa del hongo se cultivó en presencia de probetas de los metales, las modificaciones en la electroforesis de las respectivas fracciones proteicas fueron correlativas del comportamiento del micelio frente a la corrosión del aluminio y sus aleaciones.Biochemical analyses of the Hormoconis resinae fungal mycelium would explain behaviour differences of corrosive and non-corrosive strains on Al and its aeronautical alloys. In previous works its aggressiveness had been studied through SEM-EDX surface analysis, electrochemical techniques and immersion testing. In this paper separation of the proteins of the mycelium produced by a non-corrosive strain and its culture along three generations was performed. Cultures were prepared in batch in the presence and absence of pure Al and AA 2024, AA 7005 and AA 7075 alloys. The mycelia grown throughout the three generations increasingly recovered usual characteristics at the third replication, included their corrosiveness on Al and its alloys previously shown by all our strains. Amongst the bio-molecule fractions isolated and analysed during this preliminary study only the proteins revealed changes with the generation grown. When this fungal strain was cultured in the presence of alloy metal sheets electrophoresis of the protean fraction was correlative wFil: Araya, R.. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso; ChileFil: Bobadilla, C.. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso; ChileFil: Vera, R.. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso; ChileFil: Rosales, Blanca Margarita. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigaciones en Tecnología de Pinturas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones en Tecnología de Pinturas; Argentin

Relacion entre promedio de longitud del enunciado, el genero y la escolaridad de la madre en ninos con desarrollo tipico del lenguaje de la ciudad de Talca

61 p.El desarrollo morfosintáctico forma parte de un continuo, el cual se caracteriza por la producción de enunciados cuya extensión aumenta progresivamente con la edad desde la etapa holofrásica. Uno de los índices que intenta describir el desarrollo lingüístico infantil a este nivel es el Promedio de Longitud del Enunciado, el cual es considerado un excelente predictor de desarrollo gramatical normal. Con el objetivo de contar con información más cercana a la realidad Chilena de lo que podría constituir una valiosa herramienta diagnóstica, es que el presente estudio pretende determinar si existe relación entre el Promedio de Longitud del Enunciado y las variables género y nivel de escolaridad de la madre en niños de 12 a 48 meses de la ciudad de Talca. Los resultados de los análisis arrojan relaciones no significativas para ambos supuestos, indicando por una parte, que no existe correspondencia entre el Promedio de Longitud del Enunciado y la escolaridad materna, descartando con esto la influencia de los efectos provenientes de la estimulación de las madres sobre el desarrollo morfosintáctico. Por otra parte, establecen similitud entre la longitud de los enunciados de sujetos de género femenino y masculino en etapas tempranas

Measures of Neural Similarity

One fundamental question is what makes two brain states similar. For example, what makes the activity in visual cortex elicited from viewing a robin similar to a sparrow? One common assumption in fMRI analysis is that neural similarity is described by Pearson correlation. However, there are a host of other possibilities, including Minkowski and Mahalanobis measures, with each differing in its mathematical, theoretical, and neural computational assumptions. Moreover, the operable measures may vary across brain regions and tasks. Here, we evaluated which of several competing similarity measures best captured neural similarity. Our technique uses a decoding approach to assess the information present in a brain region, and the similarity measures that best correspond to the classifier’s confusion matrix are preferred. Across two published fMRI datasets, we found the preferred neural similarity measures were common across brain regions but differed across tasks. Moreover, Pearson correlation was consistently surpassed by alternatives

Biological activity of Lonchocarpus guaricensis Pittier in the control of larvae of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick)

La actividad biológica de Lonchocarpus guaricensis Pittier fue evaluada utilizando dos dosis de Tecnona® en el control de larvas de Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), Valle de Azapa, Chile, mediante una pulverización sobre plantas de tomate cv. Naomi en macetas, ubicadas aleatoriamente en un invernáculo dentro de un vivero. Semanas previas a la pulverización, las macetas se infestaron artificialmente con adultos del fitófago para obtener larvas en los foliolos. Los tratamientos evaluados fueron los siguientes: T1 (0,21 g de IA de L. guaricensis·L-1), T2 (0,43 g de IA de L. guaricensis·L-1), T3 (control positivo a base de spinosad 0,048 g de IA·L-1) y T0 (control negativo a base de agua de pozo). De acuerdo con el porcentaje de mortalidad acumulada de larvas contabilizadas a las 24, 48, 120 horas y 9no día post aplicación, no hay diferencias estadísticas entre los tratamientos T0 y T1, a su vez, T2 alcanza una media de 53,05% de mortalidad, no diferenciándose de T3 que logra un 73,9%. Se concluye que la dosis experimental L. guaricensis de 0,43 g de IA∙ L-1 puede constituir una alternativa interesante de utilizar en el Manejo Integrado de Plagas del cultivo de tomate en el Valle de Azapa.Biological activity of Lonchocarpus guaricensis Pittier was evaluated using two doses of Tecnona® in the control of larvae of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), Azapa Valley, Chile, by a spray on potted tomato plants cv. Naomi, randomly placed in a greenhouse within a nursery. Weeks prior to spraying, the pots were artificially infested with adults of phytophagous to obtain larvae in the leaflets. The evaluated treatments were the following ones: T1 (0.21 g AI of L. guaricensis·L-1), T2 (0.43 g AI of L. guaricensis·L-1), T3 (positive control based on spinosad 0.048 g AI·L-1) and T0 (negative control based on well water). According to the cumulative mortality percentage of larvae counted at 24, 48, 120 hours and 9th day post application, there was no statistical differences between T0 and T1 treatments, in turn, T2 reaches an average of 53.05% mortality not differing from T3 that achieves 73.9%. We conclude that the experimental dose of L. guaricensis 0.43 g AI∙L- 1 can be an attractive alternative for use in Integrated Pest Management of the tomato crop in the Azapa Valley.Fil: Cajias A., Evelyn. Universidad de Tarapacá (Chile). Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas. Departamento de Recursos AmbientalesFil: Estefane D., Francisca. Universidad de Tarapacá (Chile). Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas. Departamento de Recursos AmbientalesFil: Vargas C., Héctor. Universidad de Tarapacá (Chile). Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas. Departamento de Recursos AmbientalesFil: Bobadilla G., Dante. Universidad de Tarapacá (Chile). Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas. Departamento de Recursos Ambientale

Chemical modeling for pH prediction of acidified musts with gypsum and tartaric acid in warm regions

Winemaking of musts acidified with up to 3 g/L of gypsum (CaSO4 2H2O) and tartaric acid, both individually and in combination, as well as a chemical modeling have been carried out to study the behaviour of these compounds as acidifiers. Prior to fermentation gypsum and tartaric acid reduce the pH by 0.12 and 0.17 pH units/g/L, respectively, but while gypsum does not increase the total acidity and reduces buffering power, tartaric acid shows the opposite behaviour. When these compounds were used in combination, the doses of tartaric acid necessary to reach a suitable pH were reduced. Calcium concentrations increase considerably in gypsum-acidified must, although they fell markedly after fermentation over time. Sulfate concentrations also increased, although with doses of 2 g/L they were lower than the maximum permitted level (2.5 g/L). Chemical modeling gave good results and the errors in pH predictions were less than 5% in almost all case

In vitro testing of alternative synthetic and natural antiparasitic compounds against the monogenean sparicotyle chrysophrii

Gill monogenean Sparicotyle chrysophrii is considered the most detrimental fish parasite to the Mediterranean aquaculture. Treatment of sparicotylosis relies on frequent gill inspections correlated with the seasonal increase in seawater temperature, application of functional feeds, and treatments with formalin baths where permitted. While the latter is bound to be banned in Europe, other synthetic anthelminthics, such as praziquantel and ivermectin, are prone to induce resistance in the parasites. Therefore, we investigated, in vitro, 14 synthetic and natural compounds against adult S. chrysophrii, developing dose–response modelsm and estimated toxicity levels at 20%, 50%, and 80% parasite mortality. Bactericidal activity of target compounds was also tested in two important aquaculture bacteria; Vibrio harveyi and V. anguillarum, while their potential host toxicity was evaluated in gilthead seabream SAF-1 cell line. Synthetic compound bithionate sodium exerted the most potent toxicity against the monogenean, no host cytotoxicity, and a medium and high potency against two bacterial pathogens. In comparison, target natural compounds were approximately 20 (cedrol) or up to 154 times (camphor) less toxic for the monogenean. Rather than completely dismissing natural compounds, we suggest that their application in combination with synthetic drugs, especially if administered in the feed, might be useful in sparicotylosis treatment

To dd, or not to dd: Recent developments and comparisons of regularization schemes

We give an introduction to several regularization schemes that deal with ultraviolet and infrared singularities appearing in higher-order computations in quantum field theories. Comparing the computation of simple quantities in the various schemes, we point out similarities and differences between them.Comment: 61 pages, 12 figures; version sent to EPJC, references update

Effects of dietary NEXT ENHANCE®150 on growth performance and expression of immune and intestinal integrity related genes in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.)

Gilthead sea bream juveniles were fed different doses (0, 50, 100, 200, 300ppm) of NEXT ENHANCE®150 (NE) for 9 weeks. Feed gain ratio (FGR) was improved by a 10% with all the doses, but feed intake decreased in a dose dependent manner. The optimum inclusion level to achieve maximum growth was set at 100ppm. The hepatosomatic index did not vary and only at the highest dose, viscerosomatic and splenosomatic indexes were significantly decreased. No significant changes were found in haematological parameters, plasma biochemistry, total antioxidant capacity and respiratory burst. In a second trial, NE was given at 100ppm alone (D1) or in combination with the prebiotic PREVIDA® (0.5%) (PRE) (D2) for 17 weeks. There were no differences in the growth rates, and FGR was equally improved for D1 and D2. No significant changes in haematology and plasma antioxidant capacity were detected. The histological examination of the liver and the intestine showed no outstanding differences in the liver, but the number of mucosal foldings appeared to be higher in D1 and D2 vs CTRL diet and the density of enterocytes and goblet cells also appeared higher, particularly in the anterior intestine. A 87-gene PCR-array was constructed based on our transcriptomic database (www.nutrigroup-iats.org/seabreamdb) and applied to samples of anterior (AI) and posterior (PI) intestine. It included 54 new gene sequences and other sequences as markers of cell differentiation and proliferation, intestinal architecture and permeability, enterocyte mass and epithelial damage, interleukins and cytokines, pattern recognition receptors (PRR), and mitochondrial function and biogenesis. More than half of the studied genes had significantly different expression between AI and PI segments. The functional significance of this differential tissue expression is discussed. The experimental diets induced significant changes in the expression of 26 genes. The intensity of these changes and the number of genes that were significantly regulated were higher at PI than at AI. At PI, both diets invoked a clear down-regulation of genes involved in cell differentiation and proliferation, some involved in cell to cell communication, cytokines and several PRR. By contrast, up-regulation was mostly found for genes related to enterocyte mass, cell epithelial damage and mitochondrial activity at AI. The changes were of the same order for D1 and D2, except for fatty acid-binding proteins 2 and 6 and the PRR fucolectin, which were higher in D2 and D1 fed fish, respectively. Thus, NE alone or in combination with PRE seems to induce an anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative transcriptomic profile with probable improvement in the absorptive capacity of the intestine that would explain the improved FGR. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.This work has been carried out with financial support from the Commission of the European Communities, specific RTD programme of Framework Programme 7, (FP7/2007-2013) under grant projects ARRAINA (KBBE-2011-288925) and AQUAEXCEL (262336) under TNA project 0019/02/04/14 to ANDROMEDA. It does not necessarily reflect the EU views and in no way anticipates the Commission's future policy in this area. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Additional funding has been received by Spanish MINECO project no. AGL2013-48560 and Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEOII/2014/085 and ISIC/2012/003).Peer Reviewe