Interaction of the Deubiquitinating Enzyme Ubp2 and the E3 Ligase Rsp5 Is Required for Transporter/Receptor Sorting in the Multivesicular Body Pathway

Protein ubiquitination is essential for many events linked to intracellular protein trafficking. We sought to elucidate the possible involvement of the S. cerevisiae deubiquitinating enzyme Ubp2 in transporter and receptor trafficking after we (this study) and others established that affinity purified Ubp2 interacts stably with the E3 ubiquitin ligase Rsp5 and the (ubiquitin associated) UBA domain containing protein Rup1. UBP2 interacts genetically with RSP5, while Rup1 facilitates the tethering of Ubp2 to Rsp5 via a PPPSY motif. Using the uracil permease Fur4 as a model reporter system, we establish a role for Ubp2 in membrane protein turnover. Similar to hypomorphic rsp5 alleles, cells deleted for UBP2 exhibited a temporal stabilization of Fur4 at the plasma membrane, indicative of perturbed protein trafficking. This defect was ubiquitin dependent, as a Fur4 N-terminal ubiquitin fusion construct bypassed the block and restored sorting in the mutant. Moreover, the defect was absent in conditions where recycling was absent, implicating Ubp2 in sorting at the multivesicular body. Taken together, our data suggest a previously overlooked role for Ubp2 as a positive regulator of Rsp5-mediated membrane protein trafficking subsequent to endocytosis

Implementation of the analytical model deduced from the velocity and turbulence breakdown, version of the reviewed paper

<p>This is a quick implementation of the model proposed in our paper "Breakdown of the velocity and turbulence in the wake of a wind turbine Part 2 : Analytical model"</p&gt

Olecranon bursitis secondary to Mycobacterium europaeum infection in a patient receiving immunosuppressive drugs for rheumatoid arthritis

International audienceMycobacterium europaeum is one of the 16 slow-growing non-tuberculous mycobacterial species belonging to the Mycobacterium simiae complex. It was first described in 2011, after the polyphasic analyses of five strains collected in various European countriesfromsputumsamples and a jaw gland biopsy between 1995 and 2009 [1]. Only three cases of M. europaeum infections involving the respiratory tract have been reported in immunocompromised patients from Iran and France [2,3]. We report a case of M. europaeum infection involving the periarticularstructuresin an immunocompromised adult and describe its successful management

Occupational exposure to human <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> infection: A systematic review

<div><p>Background</p><p><i>Mycobacterium bovis (M</i>. <i>bovis)</i> is the main causative agent of bovine zoonotic tuberculosis. The aim of this systematic review is to highlight the occupational exposure to bovine tuberculosis due to <i>M</i>. <i>bovis</i>.</p><p>Methodology/principal findings</p><p>A computer based literature search was carried out to identify papers published between January 2006 and March 2017. “PubMed, Cochrane Library and Science Direct” databases were searched systematically. Articles presenting the following properties were included: (i) focusing on <i>M</i>. <i>bovis</i>; (ii) concerning occupational exposure to bovine tuberculosis. A quality assessment was performed after selection of studies. Our search strategy identified a total of 3,264 papers of which 29 studies met the inclusion criteria. Of the 29 articles, 17 were cross-sectional studies (6 were of high quality and scored in the range of 6–7, 11 were of moderate quality and scored in the range 3–5), 10 were case reports, and 2 were reviews. Different occupational fields exposing to the disease were described: livestock sector, particularly in contact with dairy cattle (farmers, veterinaries and assistants, abattoir workers) and working in contact with wildlife (hunters, taxidermists).</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>A specific guideline for occupational practitioners taking care of employees exposed to bovine tuberculosis is warranted and should be tailored to level of exposure. This review was intended to be the first step of such a project. Articles were identified from various continents and countries with different socio-economic situations, broadening our understanding of the worldwide situation. Published data on occupational exposure in developed countries are scarce. We had to extrapolate findings from countries with higher prevalence of the disease.</p></div

Overview of occupational exposure to <i>M</i>. <i>bovis</i>.

<p>Overview of occupational exposure to <i>M</i>. <i>bovis</i>.</p

Studies describing occupational context of <i>M</i>. <i>bovis</i> human infection.

<p>Studies describing occupational context of <i>M</i>. <i>bovis</i> human infection.</p

Climate change on Twitter: topics, communities and conversations about the 2013 IPCC Working Group 1 report

In September 2013 the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change published its Working Group 1 report, the first comprehensive assessment of physical climate science in six years, constituting a critical event in the societal debate about climate change. This paper analyses the nature of this debate in one public forum: Twitter. Using statistical methods, tweets were analyzed to discover the hashtags used when people tweeted about the IPCC report, and how Twitter users formed communities around their conversational connections. In short, the paper presents the topics and tweeters at this particular moment in the climate debate. The most used hashtags related to themes of science, geographical location and social issues connected to climate change. Particularly noteworthy were tweets connected to Australian politics, US politics, geoengineering and fracking. Three communities of Twitter users were identified. Researcher coding of Twitter users showed how these varied according to geographical location and whether users were supportive, unsupportive or neutral in their tweets about the IPCC. Overall, users were most likely to converse with users holding similar views. However, qualitative analysis suggested the emergence of a community of Twitter users, predominantly based in the UK, where greater interaction between contrasting views took place. This analysis also illustrated the presence of a campaign by the non-governmental organization Avaaz, aimed at increasing media coverage of the IPCC report