Straightforward chemo-enzymatic synthesis of new aminocyclitols, analogues of valiolamine and their evaluation as glycosidase inhibitors.

An efficient fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase mediated synthesis of new aminocyclitol analogues of valiolamine is described. The one-pot process where four stereocentres are created involves the formation of two carbon–carbon bonds. One is catalysed by the aldolase, coupling dihydroxyacetone phosphate to nitrobutyraldehydes. The other is the result of a highly stereoselective intramolecular Henry reaction occurring on the intermediate nitroketones. Depending on the configuration of the hydroxyl which is α to the nitro group, two series of configuration are accessible. The lipase resolution of the nitroalcohol ketal, precursor of the nitroaldehyde, is presented. The inhibition properties of the aminocyclitols obtained after the reduction of the nitro group are evaluated towards five commercial glycosidase

Legal mechanisms to combat cyber-crime against children

    لقد شهدت معظم دول العالم مؤخرا ارتفاع نسبة الأطفال ضحايا الجرائم الالكترونية، فعلى الرغم من الايجابيات التي حققتها التطورات التكنولوجية في العالم باسره ، سعت الدول الاهتمام بها التطور  عن طريق التنظيم القانوني لها في شتى المجالات ، دون الاهتمام التأثيرات السلبية التي  نتجت عن هذه التطورات، و من بين الفئات الكثر تضررا فئة الأطفال جراء الجرائم الإلكترونية كالإتجار الالكتروني بالأطفال ، التجنيد الإلكتروني، القتل عن طريق الألعاب الإلكترونية، وغيرها  من انتهاكات للحقوق والخصوصيات الإلكترونية في شتى المجالات، وكل ذلك نتيجة الاستغلال السيء للبرامج الالكترونية لتطوير قدراته الإجرامية  باستخدام شبكة المعلوماتية كوسيلة  سهلة لتنفيذ العمليات الإجرامية ، مما يلحق ضررا بالغير وأغلبهم اطفالا، الأمر الذي يتطلب ضرورة الحد من هذه الجرائم و التصدي القانوني لها .    La plupart du monde a récemment vu une augmentation de la proportion d'enfants qui sont victimes d'actes criminels électronique, malgré les avantages obtenus par les développements technologiques dans le monde entier, les pays ont cherché l'évolution de l'attention par la réglementation juridique dans divers domaines, sans prêter attention aux impacts négatifs de ces développements, et parmi les nombreuses catégories d'enfants touchés par la catégorie des crimes de courrier électronique, y compris la traite des enfants, e-recrutement, assassiner par des jeux Électroniques , et d'autres violations des droits de la vie privée électronique dans divers domaines, tout le résultat de la mauvaise exploitation de la justice Le programme électronique de développer ses capacités en utilisant le réseau d'information criminelle aussi facile à mener des opérations criminelles qui causent des dommages à des tiers et la plupart des enfants, ce qui nécessite la nécessité de réduire ces crimes et la réponse juridique

Evaluation of the effect of berry extracts on carboxymethyllysine and lysine in ultra-high temperature treated milk

Both the Maillard reaction (MR) and thermal treatment influence the nutritional value of milk. In this paper, the capability of polyphenolic berry extract (PBE) to inhibit MR in an ultra-high temperature (UHT) treated milk was investigated. Total polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity of blueberry (BE) and raspberry extracts (RE) were also tested. A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was developed to monitor the MR product N ε-(carboxymethyl)-L-lysine (CML) and L-lysine (LYS). PBE was added to milk at 0.05 and 0.1% w/v prior to UHT processing. Data revealed that formation of CML was significantly reduced (23.4 ± 5.1 %) by addition of 0.1% w/v BE. The final concentrations of LYS measured following the addition of PBE prior to thermal treatment were statistically similar to the control milk which was not subjected to thermal processing. Additionally, the metabolic profile of milk samples was investigated by GC-MS and visualised using ‘FancyTiles’

دراسة الخصائص الفيزيائية والميكانيكية للبيتون المرصوص بالدحي المستخدم في تشييد السدات المائية

عادةً مايستخدم البيتون المرصوص بالدحي (Roller Compacted Concrete) RCC في أعمال رصف الطرق والمطارات وبناء المنشآت الكتلية, نظراً لجودته المتمثلة بالمقاومة العالية وسرعة التنفيذ وإنخفاض كلفة إنشائه. وبهدف التقليل من كميات مواد البناء (الإسمنت البورتلاندي) وبالتالي تحقيق الوفر الاقتصادي, تم التوجه نحو استخدام البيتون المرصوص بالدحي لبناء السدود الثقلية, حيث تم العمل على تصميم عدة خلطات بيتونية بمواد محلية وإضافات رخيصة الثمن (الفيلر الكلسي) والمستخدمة بديلاً عن الرماد المتطاير والبوزولان الطبيعي الشائع استخدامهما في بناء سدود RCC. تم في هذا البحث دراسة الخصائص الفيزيائية والميكانيكية للبيتون المنتج وقد توصلنا إلى خلطة بعيار إسمنت منخفض150 Kg/m3 حقق كثافة عالية 2540Kg/m3 ومقاومة على الضغط البسيط 14.6 MPa والتي تعدّ جيدة جداً لمتطلبات البيتون المستخدم في السدود, وكذلك حقق مقاومة على الشد المباشر 1.56 MPa , وكتامة لاختراق الماء

Effect of novel sequential soaking treatments on Maillard reaction products in potato and alternative vegetable crisps

Frying leads to the formation of numerous food contaminants through the Maillard reaction (MR). In this paper, commercially available vegetable crisps were analysed for and established to have high levels of acrylamide. Consequentially, the capability of two novel sequential pre-frying treatments were applied to potato, beetroot and parsnip snacks to inhibit the formation of acrylamide, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), glyoxal (GO) and methylglyoxal (MGO) was investigated. Data revealed that immersion in cold tap water for 2 min followed by blanching at 70 ± 2 °C for 2 min (Cold soak, hot soak, (CSHS)) as well as soaking in a 0.01M CaCl2 solution for 2 min followed by blanching at 70 ± 2 ⁰C in 0.1M citric acid for 2 min were both effective pre-treatments for potato crisps, simultaneously decreasing acrylamide concentration under the benchmark level of 750 μg/ kg and lowering GO content by 55.19 and 54.67% and MGO concentration by 39.17% and 81.62% , respectively. CSHS was the only efficient treatment for concurrent mitigation of acrylamide (-41.64%) and HMF (-88.43%) with little GO and MGO development in beetroot. Sequential cold soak in 0.01M calcium chloride and hot soak in a 0.1M citric acid solution has been effective in decreasing acrylamide in alternative crisps. However, this led to an increase in HMF, 30 and 20-fold respectively from the initial concentration. Data reveal that the tested mitigation strategies are vegetable specific

α-Dicarbonyl compounds trapping ability and antiglycative effect of high-molecular-weight brewer's spent grain melanoidins

Polyphenols participate in the Maillard reaction pathways scavenging α-dicarbonyl compounds (DCs) and contributing to the mitigation of carbonyl burden through dietary exposure/routes. The current study demonstrated the effectiveness of high-molecular-weight brewer's spent grain melanoidins (HMW-BSGM) in reacting with DCs in an in vitro model system. HMW-BSGM (4 mg/mL) quenched more than 95% of glyoxal and methylglyoxal, and more than 80% of 2,3-butanedione after a 7-day incubation at 37 °C. Among tested polyphenols, sinapic acid showed the highest trapping capacity with inhibition rates of 33.1, 49.1 and 49.3% for glyoxal, methylglyoxal and 2,3-butanedione because of hydroxyalkylation reaction as revealed by liquid chromatography high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry experiments. The formation of free fluorescent AGEs was substantially hindered (79.3%) by HMW-BSGM (4 mg/mL). These findings corroborate the hypothesis that the accumulation of polyphenols in melanoidins skeleton can hinder undesired effects and potentially harmful reactions involving α-dicarbonyl compounds

Effect of ultrasound and additives treatment as mitigation strategies to reduce acrylamide formation in potato crisps on industrial scale

The aim of this work was to examine the applicability on large scale of additives and ultrasound treatments during soaking of potatoes before frying to mitigate the formation of acrylamide in potato crisps. Calcium chloride and citric acid were applied at laboratory scale in various concentrations and orders during washing before frying, to establish optimum conditions which were scaled up to pilot plant. Up to 91.0% reduction in acrylamide was obtained at laboratory scale. Both concentration and order of additives influenced the extent of the mitigation observed, with a higher concentration of additive in the second wash being beneficial. When upscaled to factory pilot plant, the reduction observed was not consistent across the three trials, with a 33.4% reduction in the first trial but no significant reduction in following studies. A 2-min ultrasound treatment was applied in two trials to test various powers and amplitudes, and washing combinations respectively. Up to 67.1% of acrylamide reduction was recorded after 2 min of ultrasound treatment in the cold wash followed by hot wash; however, ultrasound treatment was not effective in reducing acrylamide or its precursors when solely applied or when followed by cold wash under the tested conditions of duration and power

Date Palm Leaflet-Derived Carbon Microspheres Activated Using Phosphoric Acid for Efficient Lead (II) Adsorption

\ua9 2024 by the authors.The removal of lead metals from wastewater was carried out with carbon microspheres (CMs) prepared from date palm leaflets using a hydrothermal carbonization process (HTC). The prepared CMs were subsequently activated with phosphoric acid using the incipient wetness impregnation method. The prepared sample had a low Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) surface area of 2.21 m2\ub7g−1, which increased substantially to 808 m2\ub7g−1 after the activation process. Various characterization techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy, BET analysis, Fourier transform infrared, and elemental analysis (CHNS), were used to evaluate the morphological structure and physico-chemical properties of the CMs before and after activation. The increase in surface area is an indicator of the activation process, which enhances the absorption properties of the material. The results demonstrated that the activated CMs had a notable adsorption capacity, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 136 mg\ub7g−1 for lead (II) ions. This finding suggests that the activated CMs are highly effective in removing lead pollutants from water. This research underscores the promise of utilizing activated carbon materials extracted from palm leaflets as an eco-friendly method with high potential for water purification, specifically in eliminating heavy metal pollutants, particularly lead (II), contributing to sustainability through biomass reuse

Effect of brewer’s spent grain melanoidins on Maillard reaction products during storage of whey protein model systems

Maillard reaction readily takes place in dairy products because of the association between thermal treatments, extended storage and the matrix composition. Along with the impairment of protein digestion, the formation of glycation and α-dicarbonyl compounds is a concern for quality attributes of whey proteins when used as ingredients. In this paper, we outline the capacity of brewer’s spent grain melanoidins in reducing the accumulation of α-dicarbonyl compounds, thus controlling the formation of dietary advanced glycation end-products in accelerated shelf life at 35 °C. Results revealed that brewer’s spent grain melanoidins targeted methylglyoxal and glyoxal reactivity leading to the reduction of N-ε-carboxymethyllysine and methylglyoxal-hydroimidazolone up to 27 and 60%, respectively. We here describe that the presence of melanoidins is instrumental in limiting the undesired effects of α-dicarbonyl compounds on whey proteins