Re-evaluating the DSM-I

The DSM-I is currently viewed as a psychoanalytic classification, and therefore unimportant. There are four reasons to challenge the belief that the DSM-I was a psychoanalytic system. First, psychoanalysts were a minority on the committee that created the DSM-I. Second, psychoanalysts of the time did not use the DSM-I. Third, the DSM-I was as infused with Kraepelinian concepts as it was with psychoanalytic concepts. Fourth, contemporary writers who commented on the DSM-I did not perceive it as psychoanalytic. The first edition of the DSM arose from a blending of concepts from the Statistical Manual for the Use of Hospitals of Mental Diseases, the military psychiatric classifications developed during World War II, and the International Classification of Diseases (6th edition). As a consensual, clinically oriented classification, the DSM-I was popular, leading to 20 printings and international recognition. From the perspective inherent in this paper, the continuities between classifications from the first half of the 20th century and the systems developed in the second half (e.g., the DSM-III to DSM-5) become more visible

Foreclosures for Sale: Revisiting Stories of Worcester\u27s Mortgage Crisis, A Radio Documentary

This radio documentary uses the personal stories of homeowners fighting to keep their homes in Worcester Massachusetts to explore the state of Foreclosure in Worcester ten years after the Great Recession. It follows the Worcester Anti-Foreclosure Team (WAFT) and its members in their fight against illegal foreclosures and their battles in Worcester Housing Court. Grounded in personal narratives, the documentary highlights systemic issues with the banking and legal system

Aerospace bibliography, seventh edition

Space travel, planetary probes, applications satellites, manned spaceflight, the impacts of space exploration, future space activities, astronomy, exobiology, aeronautics, energy, space and the humanities, and aerospace education are covered

The Myth of Hempel and the DSM-III

In 1959, the philosopher Carl Hempel presented a paper on psychiatric taxonomy at a conference of the American Psychopathological Association. In 1980, the American Psychiatric Association published DSM-III, the third edition of their hugely influential classification of mental disorders. The DSM-III sought to adopt an ‘atheoretical’ approach to classification, and introduced explicit diagnostic criteria setting out the number and combinations of symptoms required for diagnosis. Commentators now often claim that Hempel's paper was an important contributor to the DSM-III approach. This paper argues that this claim is mistaken and that the idea that Hempel influenced the DSM-III is a myth. This matters because the idea that Hempel influenced the DSM-III has played a key rhetorical role in discussions about the potential relevance and importance of the philosophy of psychiatry

Subtypes of children with attention disabilities.

Subtypes of children with attentional problems were investigated using cluster analysis. Subjects were 9-year-old-elementary school children (N = 443). The test battery administered to these children comprised a comprehensive set of common attention tests, covering different aspects of attentional functioning, and a test of reading comprehension. Cluster analysis of these data yielded eight stable and reproducible clus¬ters. The test profiles of two subgroups were indicative of distinct attentional problems. One group ap¬peared deficient in speed of processing, the other in attentional control. A third subgroup showed a reading deficit. Two additional clusters had very poor and excellent performance on the whole battery, respec¬tively. Finally, three clusters were found with minor variations approximating average performance. The internal validity, that is, the adequacy and stability of the cluster solution, appeared to be reasonably good, as indicated by a variety of measures. The long-term stability over an 18-month period was also checked and found to be satisfactory

Explorations in the taxonomy of behavior settings

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/44058/1/10464_2004_Article_BF00880776.pd

Detecting longitudinal patterns of daily smoking following drastic cigarette reduction

To enhance prolonged smoking cessation or reduction, a better understanding of the process of change is needed. This study examines daily smoking rates following the end of an intensive smoking reduction program originally designed to evaluate the relationship of tobacco biomarkers with reduced levels of smoking. A novel pattern-oriented approach called time series-based typology is used to detect homogeneous smoking patterns in time-intensively (i.e., 40 occasions) observed smokers (n = 57), who were predominantly Caucasian (94.7%), male (52.6%), and on average 47.9 years old (SD = 11.3). The majority of the smokers exhibited a change in their daily smoking behavior over the course of 40 days with 47.4% increasing and 40.4% decreasing the number of cigarettes smoked per day, which is contrary to the results a group level approach would have found. Very few smokers (12.3%) maintained their average smoking rate, and exhibited an externally controlled smoking pattern. Trajectory type could be predicted by temporally proximal motivation and self-efficacy variables ((F(4, 106) =3.46, p = .011, η2 = .115), underscoring their importance in maintaining reduced smoking rates. Time series-based typology demonstrated good sensitivity to the identification of meaningfully different trajectories