Efficacy, contrast effect and differential effectiveness of two time-out durations in the treatment of two autistic children

A single subject simultaneous treatment design, within a multiple baseline framework, was used to test the efficacy, contrast effect and differential effectiveness of two durations of time-out (TO). With two children on the autistic ward of a residential mental hospital serving as subjects, the TO procedure was demonstrated to be effective in reducing target behavior. No statistically significant difference was found between the 2 minute and 5 minute TOs and limited support for the existence of a contrast effect was revealed. It was concluded that strategies for the facilitation of the use of the shortest TO interval possible should be adopted and the importance of rigorous research within the applied setting was discussed

Midwives and Madonnas: Motherhood and citizenship in the American counterculture

This project examines how counterculture mothers reimagined female citizenship over three decades of protest and activism. Witnessing the restrictive social contract that bound their suburban mothers to Cold War policies, hippie women sought to dramatically redefine the obligations that structured motherhood. They utilized the experimental structure of communal societies to enact a variation of motherhood that encouraged the development of a highly individualized self, free from the oppressive social structures that shaped Cold War society. Hippie women viewed this elimination of oppressive social structures as a reclamation, rather than a departure from, American values. The collapse of communal societies and the broader crisis of American identity in the mid-1970s, however, prompted an evolution in counterculture motherhood and citizenship. Through the home birth movement, these women merged feminism, hippie values, and red power rhetoric to advocate for a variation of motherhood linked a mother’s powerful reproductive ability became to a broader obligation to protect the sovereignty of the earth. Counterculture women produced a global citizenship rooted in an individual connection to the earth and environmentalism, not merely the state. Their incorporation of feminism and liberal citizenship, however, accompanied the embrace of the nuclear family as well as a return to a social contract that equated biological motherhood to female fulfillment. Hippie women’s radical revisioning of motherhood cannot be placed on a liberal-conservative political spectrum; rather, it represents the complexity of identity and citizenship in the 1970s and early 1980

Imaging of the Hip

Imaging evaluation of the hip joint requires expert knowledge about the detailed anatomy and specific injuries. This chapter will include various osseous pathologies that can affect the hip joint such as stress fractures, osteonecrosis, or subchondral insufficiency fractures. Several types of mechanical impingement between the osseous components of the hip joint will be discussed such as femoroacetabular impingement, abnormal antetorsion, and subspine impingement. Detailed evaluation of damage to the labrum, articular cartilage, and other intra-articular structures is described

Whence the Whitney's Windows?

It winks with oddly shaped eyes protruding from the profile of an equally enigmatic face. Or perhaps it’s a fortress, hiding secret hunters behind openings like gun ports dotting the Maginot Line. Whatever it seems to resemble, Marcel Breuer’s 1966 Whitney Museum is odd. Chief among its eccentricities are its windows, which are noted in nearly every account of the building, however divergent the descriptions. Explained by Breuer as a solution to a problem put before him by the Whitney’s board, the windows were, according to him, simply means to “provide a connection to the exterior”. The artificial lighting specified in the design brief resulted in spaces optimized for viewing art, but also closed-off, cold, and disorienting. Thus, windows were added to relieve the monotony of the interior. However, were a simple solution truly the motivation for the openings, surely a more common window type would have sufficed. Whence, then, the Whitney’s windows? Although many explanations for the Whitney have been offered by various authors, most accounts rely either upon the figural nature of its exterior and consequent resemblance to other things or upon its supposed functionalism. Taking resemblance as its starting point, this paper develops an alternative account by considering the windows photographically

Magnetic resonance arthrography of the hip: technique and spectrum of findings in younger patients

Magnetic resonance(MR) imaging is the reference imaging technique in the evaluation of hip abnormalities. However, in some pathological conditions—such as lesions of the labrum, cartilaginous lesions, femoroacetabular impingement, intra-articular foreign bodies, or in the pre-operative work-up of developmental dysplasia of the hip—intra-articular injection of a contrast medium is required to obtain a precise diagnosis. This article reviews the technical aspects, contraindications, normal appearance and potential pitfalls of MR arthrography, and illustrates the radiological appearance of commonly encountered conditions

Retro-trochanteric sciatica-like pain: current concept

The aim of this manuscript is to review the current knowledge in terms of retro-trochanteric pain syndrome, make recommendations for diagnosis and differential diagnosis and offer suggestions for treatment options. The terminology in the literature is confusing and these symptoms can be referred to as ‘greater trochanteric pain syndrome’, ‘trochanteric bursitis’ and ‘trochanteritis’, among other denominations. The authors focus on a special type of sciatica, i.e. retro-trochanteric pain radiating down to the lower extremity. The impact of different radiographic assessments is discussed. The authors recommend excluding pathology in the spine and pelvic area before following their suggested treatment algorithm for sciatica-like retro-trochanteric pain. Level of evidence II

Metal artifact suppression at the hip: diagnostic performance at 3.0 T versus 1.5 Tesla

PurposeThis work aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of a metal artifact suppression sequence (MAVRIC-SL) for imaging of hip arthroplasties (HA) at 1.5 and 3 Tesla (T) field strength.MethodsEighteen patients (10 females; aged 27-74) with HA were examined at 3.0 and 1.5 T within 3 weeks. The sequence protocol included 3D-MAVRIC-SL PD (coronal), 3D-MAVRIC-SL STIR (axial), FSE T1, FSE PD and STIR sequences. Anatomical structures and pathological findings were assessed independently by two radiologists. Artifact extent and technical quality (image quality, fat saturation and geometric distortion) were also evaluated. Findings at 1.5 and 3.0 T were compared using a Wilcoxon signed rank test.ResultsWhile image quality was better at 1.5 T, visualization of anatomic structures and clinical abnormalities was not significantly different using the two field strengths (p > 0.05). Fat suppression and amount of artifacts were significantly better at 1.5 T (p  < 0.01). Inter- and intra-reader agreement for different anatomic details, image quality and visualization of abnormalities ranged from k = 0.62 to k = 1.00.ConclusionMAVRIC-SL at 1.5 T had a comparable diagnostic performance when compared MAVRIC-SL at 3.0 T; however, the higher field strength was associated with larger artifacts, limited image quality and worse fat saturation