195 research outputs found
Wavelet-Packet Powered Deepfake Image Detection
As neural networks become more able to generate realistic artificial images,
they have the potential to improve movies, music, video games and make the
internet an even more creative and inspiring place. Yet, at the same time, the
latest technology potentially enables new digital ways to lie. In response, the
need for a diverse and reliable toolbox arises to identify artificial images
and other content. Previous work primarily relies on pixel-space CNN or the
Fourier transform. To the best of our knowledge, wavelet-based gan analysis and
detection methods have been absent thus far. This paper aims to fill this gap
and describes a wavelet-based approach to gan-generated image analysis and
detection. We evaluate our method on FFHQ, CelebA, and LSUN source
identification problems and find improved or competitive performance.Comment: Source code is available at
https://github.com/gan-police/frequency-forensic
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Enrollment of adolescents and young adults onto SWOG cancer research network clinical trials: A comparative analysis by treatment site and era.
BackgroundFew adolescents and young adults (AYAs, 15-39 years old) enroll onto cancer clinical trials, which hinders research otherwise having the potential to improve outcomes in this unique population. Prior studies have reported that AYAs are more likely to receive cancer care in community settings. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) has led efforts to increase trial enrollment through its network of NCI-designated cancer centers (NCICC) combined with community outreach through its Community Clinical Oncology Program (CCOP; replaced by the NCI Community Oncology Research Program in 2014).MethodsUsing AYA proportional enrollment (the proportion of total enrollments who were AYAs) as the primary outcome, we examined enrollment of AYAs onto SWOG therapeutic trials at NCICC, CCOP, and non-NCICC/non-CCOP sites from 2004 to 2013 by type of site, study period (2004-08 vs 2009-13), and patient demographics.ResultsOverall, AYA proportional enrollment was 10.1%. AYA proportional enrollment decreased between 2004-2008 and 2009-2013 (13.1% vs 8.5%, P < .001), and was higher at NCICCs than at CCOPs and non-NCICC/non-CCOPs (14.1% vs 8.3% and 9.2%, respectively; P < .001). AYA proportional enrollment declined significantly at all three site types. Proportional enrollment of AYAs who were Black or Hispanic was significantly higher at NCICCs compared with CCOPs or non-NCICC/non-CCOPs (11.5% vs 8.8, P = .048 and 11.5% vs 8.6%, P = .03, respectively).ConclusionNot only did community sites enroll a lower proportion of AYAs onto cancer clinical trials, but AYA enrollment decreased in all study settings. Initiatives aimed at increasing AYA enrollment, particularly in the community setting with attention to minority status, are needed
Implications of large dimuon CP asymmetry in B_{d,s} decays on minimal flavor violation with low tan beta
The D0 collaboration has recently announced evidence for a dimuon CP
asymmetry in B_{d,s} decays of order one percent. If confirmed, this asymmetry
requires new physics. We argue that for minimally flavor violating (MFV) new
physics, and at low tan beta=v_u/v_d, there are only two four-quark operators
(Q_{2,3}) that can provide the required CP violating effect. The scale of such
new physics must lie below 260 GeV sqrt{tan beta}. The effect is universal in
the B_s and B_d systems, leading to S_{psi K}~sin(2beta)-0.15 and S_{psi
phi}~0.25. The effects on epsilon_K and on electric dipole moments are
negligible. The most plausible mechanism is tree-level scalar exchange. MFV
supersymmetry with low tan beta will be excluded. Finally, we explain how a
pattern of deviations from the Standard Model predictions for S_{psi phi},
S_{psi K} and epsilon_K can be used to test MFV and, if MFV holds, to probe its
structure in detail.Comment: 11 pages. v2: References adde
Differential responses of trees to temperature variation during the chilling and forcing phases
AbstractTemperate-zone trees must fulfill cultivar-specific chilling and heat requirements during the dormant period, in order to produce leaves and flowers in the following growing season. Timing and accumulation rate of chill and heat are understood to determine the timing of spring events, but both processes are difficult to observe in dormant tree buds. Where long-term phenological observations are available, Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression offers a statistical opportunity to delineate phases of chill and heat accumulation and determine the climatic requirements of trees. This study uses PLS regression to explore how the timing of spring events of chestnut in China, cherry in Germany and walnut in California is related to variation in the daily rates of chill and heat accumulation, as calculated with horticultural models. Dependent variables were 39 years of flowering dates for chestnuts in Beijing (China), 25 years of cherry bloom in Klein-Altendorf (Germany) and 54 years of walnut leaf emergence in Davis (California, USA). These were related to daily accumulation rates of chill, calculated with the Dynamic Model, and heat, calculated with the Growing Degree Hours Model. Compared to an earlier version of the procedure, in which phenological dates were related to unprocessed temperature data, delineation of chilling and forcing phases was much clearer when using horticultural metrics to quantify chill and heat. Chestnut bloom in the cold-winter climate of Beijing was found to depend primarily on the rate of heat accumulation, while cherry bloom in the temperate climate of Germany showed dependence on both chill and heat accumulation rates. The timing of walnut leaf emergence in the mild-winter climate of California depended much more strongly on chill accumulation rates. Chilling (in Chill Portions=CP) and heat (in Growing Degree Hours=GDH) requirements determined based on PLS regression were 79.8±5.3 CP and 13,466±1918 GDH for chestnut bloom in Beijing, 104.2±8.9 CP and 2698±1183 GDH for cherry bloom in Germany, and 37.5±5.0 CP and 11,245±1697 GDH for walnut leaf emergence in California. Spring phases of cherry in Klein-Altendorf and especially chestnut in Beijing will likely continue to advance in response to global warming, while for walnut in California, inadequate chilling may cause delays in flowering and leaf emergence. Such delays could serve as an early-warning indicator that future productivity may be threatened by climate change. The R package âchillRâ makes the method used in this study available for wider use
CP violation and limits on New Physics including recent measurements
We analyse present constraints on the SM parameter space and derive, in a
model independent way, various bounds on New Physics contributions to
-- and -- mixings. Our analyses include
information on a large set of asymmetries, leading to the measurement of the
CKM phases and , as well as recent data from D0 and CDF
related to the -- system such as the measurement of , and . We examine in detail several
observables such as the asymmetries , , the width differences
and and discuss the r\^ole they play
in establishing the limits on New Physics. The present data clearly favour the
SM, with the New Physics favoured region placed around the SM solution. A New
Physics solution significantly different from the SM is still allowed, albeit
quite disfavoured (2.6% probability). We analyse the presently available
indirect knowledge on the phase entering in --
mixing and study the impact of a future measurement of to be
achieved at LHC, through the measurement of the time-dependent CP asymmetry in
decays.Comment: 29 pages, 31 figures; updated analyses and reference
Rare Decays as a Probe for New Physics
We discuss the indirect search for new degrees of freedom beyond the standard
model, within flavour physics. In particular, we analyse the minimal flavour
violation hypothesis and its phenomenological implications, especially the
large-tan beta scenario in supersymmetric models, and also compare it with the
constrained minimal flavour violation scenario. Moreover, we briefly discuss
some recent progress in inclusive b to s transitions and present a status
report of the so-called K-pi puzzle.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, based on an invited review talk given at Beauty
2006, the 11th International Conference on B physics at Hadron Colliders,
September 2006, Oxford (England
Cetuximab as Second-Line Therapy in Patients with Metastatic Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: A Phase II Southwest Oncology Group Study (S0415)
IntroductionEsophageal adenocarcinomas commonly express the epidermal growth factor receptor. This trial assessed the 6-month overall survival probability in metastatic esophageal cancer patients treated with cetuximab as second-line therapy.MethodsThis was a multicenter, open-label phase II study of single-agent cetuximab for metastatic esophageal adenocarcinoma patients who failed one prior chemotherapy regimen. Adequate organ function and Zubrod performance status of 0 to 2 were required. Patients received cetuximab 400 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) on week 1 and 250 mg/m2 IV weekly thereafter. The primary objective was to determine 6-month overall survival. Secondary end points included progression-free survival, response rate, and toxicity. Tumor tissue was collected for correlative studies.ResultsSixty-three patients were registered, with eight ineligible or never treated. Fifty-five eligible patients (49 men, 6 women; median age = 61.2 years [range, 30.7â88.5]) were enrolled. Twenty patients survived more than 6 months for a 6-month overall survival rate of 36% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 24â50%). The median overall survival was 4.0 months (95% CI: 3.2â5.9). Median progression-free survival was 1.8 months (95% CI: 1.7â1.9). One partial response and two unconfirmed partial responses were observed. Two patients experienced grade 4 fatigue. There was one treatment-related death due to pneumonitis. Germline polymorphisms of epidermal growth factor receptor, epidermal growth factor, interleukin (IL)-8, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, vascular epidermal growth factor receptor (VEGF), CCND1, neuropilin 1 (NRP1), and K-ras mutational status were not associated with response or survival.ConclusionsThe 6-month overall survival rate of 36% observed on this study failed to meet the primary survival objective. Thus, cetuximab alone cannot be recommended in the second-line treatment of metastatic esophageal cancer
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Trends in Medical Aid in Dying in Oregon and Washington.
ImportanceThe combined 28 years of data of medical aid in dying (MAID) between Oregon (OR) and Washington (WA) are the most comprehensive in North America. No reports to date have compared MAID use in different US states.ObjectiveTo evaluate and compare patterns of MAID use between the states with the longest-running US death with dignity programs.Design, setting, and participantsA retrospective observational cohort study of OR and WA patients with terminal illness who received prescriptions as part of their states' legislation allowing MAID. All published annual reports, from 1998 to 2017 in OR and from 2009 to 2017 in WA, were reviewed. A total of 3368 prescriptions were included.Main outcomes and measuresNumber of deaths from self-administration of lethal medication vs number of prescriptions written.ResultsA combined 3368 prescriptions were written in OR and WA, with 2558 patient deaths from lethal ingestion (76.0%). Of the 2558 patients, most were male (1311 [51.3%]), older than 65 years (1851 [72.4%]), and non-Hispanic white (2426 [94.8%]). The most common underlying illnesses were cancer (1955 [76.4%]), neurologic illness (261 [10.2%]), lung disease (144 [5.6%]), and heart disease (117 [4.6%]). Loss of autonomy (2235 [87.4%]), impaired quality of life (2203 [86.1%]), and loss of dignity (1755 [68.6%]) were the most common reasons for pursuing MAID. Time between drug intake to coma ranged from 1 to 660 minutes and time from drug intake to death ranged from 1 to 6240 minutes. In the 1557 patients for whom rates of complications were reported, 1494 (96.0%) did not experience a complication (592 of 626 [94.6%] in OR and 902 of 931 [96.8%] in WA). Eight patients (<0.5%) regained consciousness after drug ingestion in OR. Annual rates per year for percentage of patients who received a prescription ingesting the prescribed medication ranged from 48% to 87%, with no significant time trend in OR (adjusted odds ratio per year, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.99-1.02; Pâ=â.59) but with an increase over time in WA (adjusted odds ratio per year, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.08-1.19; Pâ<â.001). In both OR and WA there were increases in the number of patient deaths due to MAID per 1000 deaths over time.Conclusions and relevanceIn this study, MAID results in Oregon and Washington were similar, although MAID use measured as a percentage of patients prescribed lethal medications and then self-administering them increased only in WA. Most patients who acquired lethal prescriptions had cancer or terminal illnesses that are difficult to palliate and lead to loss of autonomy, dignity, and quality of life
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A Phase II Basket Trial of Dual Anti-CTLA-4 and Anti-PD-1 Blockade in Rare Tumors (DART SWOG 1609) in Patients with Nonpancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors.
PurposeImmune checkpoint blockade has improved outcomes across tumor types; little is known about the efficacy of these agents in rare tumors. We report the results of the (nonpancreatic) neuroendocrine neoplasm cohort of SWOG S1609 dual anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 blockade in rare tumors (DART).Patients and methodsWe performed a prospective, open-label, multicenter phase II clinical trial of ipilimumab plus nivolumab across multiple rare tumor cohorts, with the (nonpancreatic) neuroendocrine cohort reported here. Response assessment by grade was not prespecified. The primary endpoint was overall response rate [ORR; RECIST v1.1; complete response (CR) and partial response (PR)]; secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), stable disease >6 months, and toxicity.ResultsThirty-two eligible patients received therapy; 18 (56%) had high-grade disease. Most common primary sites were gastrointestinal (47%; N = 15) and lung (19%; N = 6). The overall ORR was 25% [95% confidence interval (CI) 13-64%; CR, 3%, N = 1; PR, 22%, N = 7]. Patients with high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma had an ORR of 44% (8/18 patients) versus 0% in low/intermediate grade tumors (0/14 patients; P = 0.004). The 6-month PFS was 31% (95% CI, 19%-52%); median OS was 11 months (95% CI, 6-â). The most common toxicities were hypothyroidism (31%), fatigue (28%), and nausea (28%), with alanine aminotransferase elevation (9%) as the most common grade 3/4 immune-related adverse event, and no grade 5 events.ConclusionsIpilimumab plus nivolumab demonstrated a 44% ORR in patients with nonpancreatic high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma, with 0% ORR in low/intermediate grade disease
A new CP violating observable for the LHC
We study a new type of CP violating observable that arises in three body
decays that are dominated by an intermediate resonance. If two interfering
diagrams exist with different orderings of final state particles, the required
CP-even phase arises due to the different virtualities of the resonance in each
of the two diagrams. This method can be an important tool for accessing new CP
phases at the LHC and future colliders.Comment: 22 pages, v2: discussion of charged particle decays and a few
references added v3: typos corrected, matches published versio
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