Especies bacterianas generadoras de enzimas oxidorreductasas y su aplicación potencial para la biodegradación de contaminantes emergentes.

En el presente estudio, se investigó el potencial de diferentes aislados bacterianos para la producción de enzimas oxidorreductasas, a través de métodos analíticos de carácter cualitativo y cuantitativo, con el fin de estudiarse posteriormente su aplicación como una estrategia de biorremediación ante la contaminación causada por agentes químicos, catalogados como contaminantes emergente

Identificación y caracterización de la esterasa del acido ferúlico de Bacillus Flexus NJY2 aislado del nejayote de maíz.

Los microorganismos alcalófilos son aquellos que requieren de un pH alcalino entre 8 y 10 para su sobrevivencia, mientras que los alcalófilos facultativos son organismos con un pH óptimo de crecimiento de 8 a 10, pero que tiene la capacidad de desarrollarse en ambientes cercanos a la neutralidad. Microorganismos con estas características son de gran interés por su capacidad de producir y liberar enzimas activas en estas condiciones extremas de pH.1 Para sobrevivir en ambientes hostiles, los microorganismos recurren a un amplio repertorio de herramientas que les permiten desarrollarse y ser totalmente funcionales bajo estas condiciones. La mayoría de las estrategias de sobrevivencia tienen relación con la regulación del ion Na+

Novel Thermotolerant Amylase from Bacillus licheniformis Strain LB04: Purification, Characterization and Agar-Agarose

This study analyzed the thermostability and effect of calcium ions on the enzymatic activity of α-amylase produced by Bacillus licheniformis strain LB04 isolated from Espinazo Hot springs in Nuevo Leon, Mexico. The enzyme was immobilized by entrapment on agar-agarose beads, with an entrapment yield of 19.9%. The identification of the bacteria was carried out using 16s rDNA sequencing. The enzyme was purified through ion exchange chromatography (IEX) in a DEAE-Sephadex column, revealing a protein with a molecular weight of ≈130 kDa. The enzyme was stable at pH 3.0 and heat stable up to 80 °C. However, the optimum conditions were reached at 65 °C and pH 3.0, with a specific activity of 1851.7 U mg−1 ± 1.3. The agar-agarose immobilized α-amylase had a hydrolytic activity nearly 25% higher when compared to the free enzyme. This study provides critical information for the understanding of the enzymatic profile of B. licheniformis strain LB04 and the potential application of the microorganisms at an industrial level, specifically in the food industry

Agave Leaves as a Substrate for the Production of Cellulases by Penicillium sp. and the Obtainment of Reducing Sugars

Lignocellulosic biomass can be used to obtain fermentable sugars by enzymatic hydrolysis, and also it serves as a carbon source to produce cellulases by solid-state fermentation. In this study, we propose the use of leaves of Agave salmiana as a carbon source to produce cellulases by the fungus Penicillium sp., isolated from the same plant. The crude enzymatic extract was used to obtain sugars from the hydrolysis of the parenchymal cells of the leaves. The enzymes produced were characterized (endoglucanase 14.4 U/g; exoglucanase 3.5 U/g; β-glucosidase 4.14 U/g). The enzymes showed activities at elevated temperatures: 50°C for endoglucanase and exoglucanase and 70°C for β-glucosidase. Furthermore, the crude enzymatic extract obtained was able to hydrolyze the parenchyma in 51.6% in 48 h. The evidence presented in this paper shows the potential of the agave leaves as a source of carbon in the production of enzymes by fermentation with the consequent production of reducing sugars. In addition, the enzymes produced by Penicillium sp. could be used in the production of bioethanol, since they work at high temperatures