Première analyse du contenu et de la qualité des Plans de Prévention des Risques Naturels (PPR). D'une complexité originelle à une pluralité fonctionnelle

Mise en ligne des articles sur le site de l'éditeur : http://www.annales.org/ri/2003/ri-mai2003/blanchi61-68.pdfL'analyse de plusieurs dossiers de Plans de prévention des risques naturels (PPR), ainsi que les entretiens menés avec les services instructeurs, ont permis d'apporter les premiers éléments d'appréciation de leur contenu et de leur qualité. Les résultats de l'étude concernant la connaissance du risque, les supports cartographiques et les règlements mettent en évidence une grande diversité d'aspects ainsi qu'une certaine hétérogénéité qui rendent difficiles l'application, mais aussi l'appropriation et l'utilisation des documents par les professionnels impliqués dans la gestion des risques

Use of an over-the-scope clip for endoscopic sealing of a gastric fistula after sleeve gastrectomy

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Post-international adoption medical follow-up at the Angers university hospital between 2009 and 2012.

OBJECTIVE: The authors had for aim to describe infectious diseases in internationally adopted child at arrival in France. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We made a retrospective descriptive study of the children\u27s files having undergone medical check-ups between 2009 and 2012. RESULTS: One hundred and eighty-two files were included: 80% of the children came from Africa, 15% from South America and the Caribbean, 3% from Asia, and 2% from Europe. Forty-three percent were diagnosed with tinea. HIV, hepatitis C, and syphilis blood tests were all negative. Six children presented with acute or chronic hepatitis B, another 5 children with acute hepatitis A. One blood test for cysticercosis was positive. Two children presented with malaria. 58% of the children carried an intestinal parasite; the most prevalent was Giardia duodenalis. Bacteriological stool culture was positive for 17 children, for 9 with an antibiotic resistant bacterium. Twenty-seven children had a positive virological stool culture, 2 for a poliovirus. CONCLUSION: A systematic infectious check-up should be performed for a child adopted internationally when he/she arrives in France. This allows diagnosing diseases requiring an emergency treatment, or asymptomatic but severe diseases when chronic. Some blood tests must be double-checked when the child arrives, because of possible false negative initial tests results in the country of origin. Screening, early treatment, and implementing prophylaxis can decrease the risk of transmission to relatives. It also allows monitoring the antimicrobial resistance of some pathogens and the reintroduction of the poliovirus in France

Large outdoor fires and the built environment: summary of kick-off workshop

Presentacions del Workshop celebrat com una part del 11th Asia-Oceania Symposium on Fire Science and Technology (AOSFST) a Taipei, Taiwan.The kickoff workshop of the new permanent working group, sponsored by the International Association for Fire Safety Science (IAFSS), entitled Large Outdoor Fires and the Built Environment was held from 3:00 pm to 4:30 pm on Sunday October 21, 2018. The workshop was held as a part of the 11th Asia-Oceania Symposium on Fire Science and Technology (AOSFST) in Taipei, Taiwan. The working group is co-led by Sara McAllister of the U.S. Forest Service (unable to come to Taiwan), Sayaka Suzuki of National Research Institute of Fire and Disaster, and Samuel L. Manzello of NIST’s Engineering Laboratory. The IAFSS permanent working group consists of three subgroups, with subleaders appointed by Manzello, McAllister, and Suzuki, and these are prioritized into the following topics: Ignition Resistant Communities (IRC – led by Elsa Pastor, UPC, unable to come to Taiwan), Emergency Management and Evacuation (EME, led by Enrico Ronchi, Lund University, unable to come to Taiwan), and Large Outdoor Firefighting (LOFF, led by Raphaele Blanchi, CSIRO). The IRC subgroup is focused on developing the scientific basis for new standard testing methodologies indicative of large outdoor fire exposures, including the development of necessary testing methodologies to characterize wildland fuel treatments adjacent to communities. The EME subgroup is focused on developing the scientific basis for effective emergency management strategies for communities exposed to large outdoor fires. The LOFF subgroup is providing a review of various tactics that are used, as well as the various personal protective equipment (PPE), and suggest pathways for research community engagement, including environmental issues in suppressing these fires. The overall objectives are to bring the full depth of knowledge of the IAFSS community to work on these priority topics. At the kickoff workshop, detailed ideas were presented regarding the planned activities of the working group, especially the large workshop to be held at IAFSS 2020.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Connecting Repositories to one Integrated Domain

Information is the new commodity in the global economy and trustworthy digital repositories will be the key pillars within this new ecosystem. The value of this digital information will only be realised if these repositories can be interacted with in a consistent manner and their data accessible and understandable globally. Establishing a data interoperability layer is the goal of the emerging domain of Digital Objects. When considering how to proceed with designing this interoperability layer, it is important to state that repositories need to be considered from two different perspectives:Repositories are a reflection of the institutions that make them operational (quality of service, skilled experts, accessible over many years, appropriate data management procedures).Repositories are computational services that provide a specific set of functions.Complicating the effort to make repositories accessible and interoperable across the global is that many existing repositories have been developed in the past decades using a wide range of heterogeneous technologies, organisation of data and functionality. Many of these repositories are their own data silos and not interoperable. It is important to realise that much money has been invested to build these repositories and therefore we cannot expect that they will make large changes without great incentives and funding. This heterogeneity is the core of the challenge in making digital information the new commodity in the emerging global domain of digital objects.This paper will focus on the functional aspects of repositories and proposes the FAIR Digital Object model as a core data model for describing digital information and the use of the Digital Object Interface Protocol (DOIP) to establish interoperable communication with all repositories independently of the respective technical choices. It is the conviction of this paper’s authors that this integration of the FDO model and DOIP with existing repositories can be performed with minimal effort and we will present examples that document this claim.We will present three examples of existing integration in this paper:An integration of B2SHAREA CORDRA repositoryIntegration of the DOBES archiveB2SHARE is a repository that has assigned Persistent Identifiers (PIDs) (Handles) to all of its digital files. It allows users to add metadata according to a unified schema, but also has the possibility for user communities to extend this schema. The API allows one to specify a Handle which then gives access to the metadata and/or the bit sequences of the DO. It should be noted that B2SHARE allows one to include a set of bit-sequences being linked with the Handle. The integration consists of building a proxy that would provide a DOIP interface to B2SHARE to streamline the integration of the data and metadata into a single DO. The development of the proxy was relatively simple and did not require any changes on behalf of the B2SHARE repository. CORDRA is a CNRI repository/registry/registration system that manages DO, assigns Handles to all its DOs and is accessible through DOIP. For all intents and purposes, it implements many of the features from the Digital Object Architecture.The integration of the two repositories enables copying files or movíng digital objects. In the case of copying files (metadata and bit sequences) from B2SHARE to CORDRA, for example, all functionality of the CORDRA service such as searching would become possible. Important is that in this case the PID record identifying the digital object in the B2SHARE repository would have to be extended to point to the alternative path, and the API of B2SHARE would have to offer the alternative access paths to a client. This latter aspect has not been implemented. Moving a DO from B2SHARE to CORDRA would result in changing the ownership of the PID and adding the updated information about the DO.This adaptation was not done yet, but since this archive has some special functionalities, it is interesting to discuss the way of adaptation which could be chosen. In the DOBES archive each bundle of closely related digital objects is assigned a Handle and also metadata is treated as a digital object, i.e., it has a separate Handle. For management reasons and especially for enabling different contributors to maintain control of access rights, a tree structure was developed to allow contributors to organise their data according to specific criteria and users to browse the archive in addition to execute searches on the metadata.While accessing archival objects is comparatively simple, the ingest/upload feature is more complex. It should be noted that the archive supports establishing a canonical tree of resources to define scopes for authorisation (define who has the right to grant access permissions, etc.), and facilitating lookup by supporting browsing according to understandable criteria. Therefore, depositors need to specify where in the tree the new resources should be integrated, and which initial rights are associated with them. After uploading the gathered information into a workspace, the archive carries out many checks in a micro-workflow: metadata is checked against vocabularies and partly curated, types of bit-sequences are checked and aligned with the information in the metadata, etc. An operation has been developed which is called gatekeeper to ensure a highly consistent archive despite the many (remote) people contributing to its content. Thus, the archive requires a set of 4 information units being specified:the set of bit-sequences to be uploaded,the metadata describing the bundle,the node to be used to organise the resources andthe initial rights where the default would be “open”.Adapting this archive to DOIP would imply that the proxy provides a set of operations such as “ingest a complex object”, “update metadata”, “add another bit-sequence to a specific object”, “get me the list of operations”, “give me the metadata”, etc. A client must be developed to do the front-end interaction with a user allowing them to specify the required information and to choose a suitable operation. Then the client would have to interact with the repository via DOIP by starting, for example, the gatekeeper as an external operation

Impact of a catch-up strategy of DT-IPV vaccination during hospitalization on vaccination coverage among people over 65 years of age in france: The HOSPIVAC study (Vaccination during hospitalization)

In France, diphtheria tetanus and inactivated polio vaccine (DT-IPV) coverage and immunization are insufficient in the elderly and decrease with age. The principal objective of this study was to assess the impact of a strategy of catch-up DT-IPV vaccination during hospitalization in people over the age of 65 years in central France (the Sarthe region). We performed a prospective, single-center, cluster-randomized study (four hospital wards). We included patients aged ≥65 years, without mental impairment, contraindication and who accepted to participate, hospitalized in the internal medicine wards in Le Mans Hospital from 28 May 2018 to 27 May 2019. The DT-IPV vaccination status of the patients was determined at inclusion and the wards were randomized (intervention and control). In the intervention group, vaccination was up-dated during hospitalization. In case of temporary contraindication, vaccination was prescribed at hospital discharge. Patients hospitalized in the control wards received oral information only. Final immunization status was determined by calling the patient’s general practitioner two months after hospital discharge. One hundred and fifty seven patients were included: 73 in the intervention and 84 in the control arm. Baseline immunization coverage was 46.5%. Vaccination coverage increased from 56.2% to 80.8% in the intervention group and from 38.1% to 40.5% in the control group (p < 0.001). Having received sufficient information from the general practitioner was the only factor associated with vaccination being up-to-date in uni- and multivariate analysis: OR = 5.07 [2.45–10.51]. In a setting of low vaccination coverage DT-IPV vaccination during hospitalization is an effective catch-up strategy

Connaissances géospatiales dans les annonces immobilières : détection et extraction d’information spatiale à partir du texte

International audienceWe proposed a workflow to extract geospatial knowledge from text applied to Real Estate advertisements. We first extracted geographic and spatial entities using a model based on a BiLSTM-CRF architecture with a concatenation of se-veral text representations. Secondly, we performed relations extraction, particularly spatial relations extraction, to build a structured Geospatial knowledge base that we stored in a RDF Knowledge Graph.Nous avons proposé un modèle d’extraction de connaissances géospatiales à parir du texte appliqué au cas des annonces immobilières. La première étape consiste à extraire les entités géographiques et spatiales à l’aide d’un modèlebasé sur une architecture BiLSTM-CRF et la concaténation de plusieurs embeddings. Ensuite, nous avons réalisé l’extraction de relations, notamment spatiales, pour créer une base de connaissance géospatiale structurée stockéedans un graphe de connaissance RDF

Global parametrization based on Ginzburg-Landau functional

International audienceQuad meshing is a fundamental preprocessing task for many applications (subdivision surfaces, boundary layer simulation). State-of-the-art quad mesh generators proceed in three steps: first a guiding cross field is computed, then a parametrization representing the quads is generated, and finally a mesh is extracted from the parameterization. In this paper we show that in the case of a periodic global parameterization two first steps answer to the same equation and inherently face the same challenges. This new insight allows us to use recent cross field generation algorithms based on Ginzburg-Landau equations to accurately solve the parametrization step. We provide practical evidence that this formulation enables us to overcome common shortcomings in parametrization computation (inaccuracy away from the boundary, singular dipole placement)

Génération de maillage quadrangulaire d'un domaine du plan via les équations de Ginzburg-Landau

National audienceGénérer un maillage d'une surface est un pré-requis souvent indispensable à de nombreuses applications. Certaines (la subdivision de surfaces, la simulation de couches limites) nécessitent l'utilisation de maillage quadrangulaire. L'état de l'art procède en trois étapes. Il s'agit d'abord de calculer un champ de croix, puis de l'intégrer pour obtenir une paramétrisation et enfin d'extraire un maillage quadrangulaire à partir de la paramétrisation. Nous montrerons que les deux premières étapes réfèrent aux mêmes équations et peuvent donc être traitées de la même manière. Cette approche permet de résoudre des problèmes (imprécision loin des bords, mauvaise localisation des singularités) qui se posaient jusqu'alors