26 research outputs found
Helping Clientele Understand Elements of the Local Economy Through Input-Output Modeling
Extension clientele often seek assistance from Community Development professionals in understanding how their local economies operate. Provision of local economic data has long been an important role for Extension. But many of the questions clientele raise require substantial analysis of this data. This article demonstrates how an input-output model (IMPLAN) can be used to describe a local economy with considerable precision. The model is appropriate for estimating the economic impacts of current or proposed activities. We include estimations of impacts of initial job losses stemming from the recent recession as well as impacts of a long-term plan for economic recovery
Spinning Particles, Braid Groups and Solitons
We develop general techniques for computing the fundamental group of the
configuration space of identical particles, possessing a generic internal
structure, moving on a manifold . This group generalizes the -string
braid group of which is the relevant object for structureless particles. In
particular, we compute these generalized braid groups for particles with an
internal spin degree of freedom on an arbitrary . A study of their unitary
representations allows us to determine the available spectrum of spin and
statistics on in a certain class of quantum theories. One interesting
result is that half-integral spin quantizations are obtained on certain
manifolds having an obstruction to an ordinary spin structure. We also compare
our results to corresponding ones for topological solitons in
-invariant nonlinear sigma models in -dimensions, generalizing
recent studies in two spatial dimensions. Finally, we prove that there exists a
general scalar quantum theory yielding half-integral spin for particles (or
solitons) on a closed, orientable manifold if and only if
possesses a structure.Comment: harvmac, 34 pages, HUTP-93/A037; UICHEP-TH/93-18; BUHEP-93-2
15th Annual Environmental Law Institute
Materials from the 15th Annual Environmental Law Institute held by UK/CLE in March 1999
International Survey: Factors Associated With Operative Treatment of Distal Radius Fractures and Implications for the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons' Appropriate Use Criteria
OBJECTIVES: Through an international survey, we assessed whether deciding to operatively treat an intra-articular distal radius fracture (DRF) is guided by identifiable patient and surgeon factors. In addition, we compared surgeons' treatment decisions with the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons' Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC) treatment recommendations. METHODS: This cross-sectional survey asked 224 surgeons to operatively or nonoperatively treat 28 hypothetical patients with radiographs of an intra-articular DRF. We randomized patient age (50/70 years), gender, mechanism of injury, activity level, and OTA/AO fracture type. We classified 6 fractures as "nonclinically significant displacement" and 22 as "potentially clinically significant displacement." Multilevel logistic regression analysis was performed. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported. Statistical significance was P < 0.05. RESULTS: Patient factors independently associated with surgery included younger age (OR 6.7, P = 0.003), clinically significant fracture displacement (type B: OR 122, CI, 20-739, P < 0.001; type C: OR 59, CI, 12-300, P < 0.001), normal activity level (OR 5.0, P < 0.001), and high-energy mechanisms (OR 1.3, P = 0.002). Surgeon factors associated with recommending surgery included practicing outside the United States (Europe: OR 2.6, P < 0.001; "other": OR 4.8, P < 0.001). Hand surgeons most often selected surgery, as compared to orthopaedic trauma surgeons (OR 2.3, P = 0.001) and "other orthopaedists" (OR 2.2, P = 0.022). Thirty-seven percent of treatment decisions for patients with normal activity levels were rated by AUC recommendations as "rarely appropriate," which included 91% disagreement for 70-year-olds with nonclinically significant displacement. CONCLUSIONS: Surgeons use patient age and fracture displacement to make treatment recommendations for intra-articular DRF. We recommend that the AUC be updated to include these clinical factors as essential components in its algorithm. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level V. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence
Nutrient Management Goals and Management Practices for Cool-Season Vegetables
This is fact sheet 3.4 in the Farm Water Quality Planning series
Recommended from our members
Nutrient Management Goals and Management Practices for Cool-Season Vegetables
This is fact sheet 3.4 in the Farm Water Quality Planning series
Nutrient Management in Cool-Season Vegetables
This is reference sheet 9.9 in the Farm Water Quality Planning series