26th Annual Computational Neuroscience Meeting (CNS*2017): Part 3 - Meeting Abstracts - Antwerp, Belgium. 15–20 July 2017

This work was produced as part of the activities of FAPESP Research,\ud Disseminations and Innovation Center for Neuromathematics (grant\ud 2013/07699-0, S. Paulo Research Foundation). NLK is supported by a\ud FAPESP postdoctoral fellowship (grant 2016/03855-5). ACR is partially\ud supported by a CNPq fellowship (grant 306251/2014-0)

Hybrid nanocomposites through colloidal interactions between crystalline polysaccharide nanoparticles and oxide precursors

International audienceThis chapter is devoted to the presentation of hybrid nanocomposite materials obtained through the interaction of colloidal crystalline polysaccharides and precursors of oxide phases. It also includes a preliminary introduction to the chemistry and physical chemistry of the polysaccharide nanocrystals, mainly cellulose and chitin. The main approaches and processes employed for the synthesis of the nanocomposites are described for different oxide families: silica, transition metals and metal oxides, phosphate and carbonate phases, and graphene oxide. Additionally, the properties of the materials are mentioned, and described in more details when they result from a combination of polysaccharide and oxide phases (typically for mechanical and optical properties). Globally, this chapter aims at giving a comprehensive review of the innovating research undertaken in the field and providing starting knowledge for nonspecialist readers

Chromosome Xq23 is associated with lower atherogenic lipid concentrations and favorable cardiometabolic indices

Abstract Autosomal genetic analyses of blood lipids have yielded key insights for coronary heart disease (CHD). However, X chromosome genetic variation is understudied for blood lipids in large sample sizes. We now analyze genetic and blood lipid data in a high-coverage whole X chromosome sequencing study of 65,322 multi-ancestry participants and perform replication among 456,893 European participants. Common alleles on chromosome Xq23 are strongly associated with reduced total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides (min P = 8.5 × 10−72), with similar effects for males and females. Chromosome Xq23 lipid-lowering alleles are associated with reduced odds for CHD among 42,545 cases and 591,247 controls (P = 1.7 × 10−4), and reduced odds for diabetes mellitus type 2 among 54,095 cases and 573,885 controls (P = 1.4 × 10−5). Although we observe an association with increased BMI, waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI is reduced, bioimpedance analyses indicate increased gluteofemoral fat, and abdominal MRI analyses indicate reduced visceral adiposity. Co-localization analyses strongly correlate increased CHRDL1 gene expression, particularly in adipose tissue, with reduced concentrations of blood lipids