Survey of El Nino 1957-58 in its relation to tropical pacific meteorology

ENGLISH: The survey aims at demonstrating the close relationship between anomalies of sea temperature observed along the tropical Pacific coast of the Americas and those observed in the oceanwide tropical belt. The survey also covers the variations, from 1952 to the present, of the trade-wind circulations which prove to be responsible for the major part of the anomalies in sea surface temperature. Finally, the thermal feedback effects of the oceanic anomalies upon the large-scale circulation of the atmosphere are treated in a preliminary fashion. SPANISH: El estudio trata de demostrar la estrecha relación que existe entre las anomalías observadas de la temperatura del mar a lo largo de la costa tropical de las Américas y las observadas en la faja tropical de todo el océano. El estudio incluye también las variaciones, desde 1952 hasta el presente, de la circulación de los vientos alisios que demuestra ser responsable por la mayor parte de las anomalías de temperatura de la superficie del mar. Finalmente los efectos termales de las anomalías oceánicas sobre la circulación en gran escala de la atmósfera son tratados en forma preliminar. (PDF contains 62 pages.

Images of Transgressions: Visuals as Reconstructed Evidence in Digital Investigative Journalism

The epistemic authority of journalism has undergone significant theorization and empirical investigations in past years. This article contributes to this growing body of scholarship by analyzing how collected images and videos are used as evidence in 14 visual video investigations by The New York Times. A visual discourse analysis following the Sociology of Knowledge Approach to Discourse (SKAD) is conducted to map out how an investigative way of seeing is established by coexisting discursive practices, including narrativization, coding schemes, highlighting techniques, and juxtaposition of video footage in split-screen mode. The article argues that these discursive practices serve as markers of authority which together facilitate a demonstration that recontextualizes collected visuals into evidence, reanimating them as external objects of knowledge that can be interrogated in epistemic struggles concerning the definition of controversial events.publishedVersio

Inventive Factfinders: Investigative Journalism as Professional Self-representation, Marker of Identity and Boundary Work

Postponed access: the file will be accessible after 2022-05-16This study explores the boundaries of investigative journalism by examining how investigative journalists compete to construct, reiterate and challenge acceptable epistemic practices. Departing from the notion that investigative methods are fixed tools and tactics, the paper argues that methods also serve as relational skills and epistemic resources in the struggle for identity and recognition within the field of journalism. By conducting a qualitative textual analysis of 44 method reports submitted to the annual Norwegian investigative journalism award (SKUP) in 2018, both the transformative and normative aspects of the investigative epistemology are examined. The findings suggest that the investigative method can be conceptualized as a continuum of intertwining epistemic practices whose distribution and emphasis are context dependent. Within these contexts, some identity markers emerge as more contingent than others. The study contributes to two streams of scholarship by deploying the concept of boundary work within the field of journalism, and by reassessing the epistemology of investigative journalism as an object of ongoing negotiations.acceptedVersio

“El Niño” study based on analysis of ocean surface temperatures 1935-57

ENGLISH: The following report describes the findings of an "El Niño" project carried out at the Department of Meteorology of the University of California, Los Angeles, at the request of, and with funds provided from, the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission. The project was, in its early stages, supervised by Professor M. Neiburger, but was in June 1959 transferred to Professor J. Bjerknes, who thereby became the sole author of this final report. Readers who may be interested in the general background of knowledge of the maritime meteorology of the Eastern Pacific are herewith referred to Professor Neiburger's final report of the "Subtropical Pacific Meteorology Project." That report, submitted in September 1958 to the Office of Naval Research, summarizes the results of all the meteorological soundings released at sea since 1949 from California in the north to Peru in the south. The soundings off Ecuador and Peru were all taken by the "Shellback" expedition during July 1952. Important as this first exploration of the atmosphere over the Eastern Equatorial Pacific was, it did not even begin to explore " El Niño " itself, which is confined to the southern summer season and, moreover, only reaches catastrophic proportions in a few exceptional years. SPANISH: Este estudio da a conocer los resultados de una investigación que, bajo el nombre de Proyecto "El Niño", ha sido efectuada en el Departamento de Meteorología de la Universidad de California, Los Angeles, a solicitud de la Comisión Interamericana del Atún Tropical y con fondos provistos por ésta. En sus primeras etapas, el proyecto fué supervisado por el Profesor M. Neiburger, pero en junio de 1959 fué transferido al Profesor J. Bjerknes, quien de este modo vino a ser el solo autor de este informe final. A los lectores interesados en los conocimientos de fondo de la meteorología marítima del Pacífico Oriental se les recomienda consultar el informe final del Profesor Neiburger intitulado "Subtropical Pacific Meteorology Project". Este informe, sometido a la "Office of Naval Research" en septiembre de 1958 sumariza los resultados de todos los sondeos meteorológicos efectuados en el mar desde 1949 en el área entre California en el norte y Perú en el sur. Todos los sondeos frente al Ecuador y el Perú fueron hechos por la Expedición "Shellback" durante el mes de julio de 1952. Importante como fué esta primera exploración de la atmósfera sobre el Pacífico Ecuatorial del Este, ni siquiera comenzó a explorar "El Niño" en sí, que se confina a la estación de verano en el sur y, más aún, sólo alcanza proporciones catastróficas en unos pocos años excepcionales

Atmospheric tides

The subject of at mospheric tides has been and still is a great challenge to the theoretical meteorologist. Despite the many bnlliant contributions to atmospheric tidal theory from the time of Laplace up to the present, one of the essential tidal features---- the surprisingly great amplitudes of the semidiurnal tide produced by the sun----still calls for a really convincing explanation...

“Nothing I could use at all”

Abstract not available

Armed escorts in humanitarian work : a discussion of use and implications

The discussion surrounding security measures in the NGO community is somewhat lacking in the IR field of theory, as well as within the NGO community itself. The impact and effects of having an armed escort for NGOs delivering aid seems to be overall lacking in both practical and theoretical debate. This thesis seeks out to not only present the current discussions surrounding the impact and effects of NGOs having armed escorts, but it also wishes to ignite a discussion surrounding this topic. The thesis aims to answer how the security measures of NGOs impact their own security, their role as well as their perceived impartiality. To achieve this goal, I have interviewed ten NGO workers who are currently working in the field, or who was sent home during the ongoing pandemic.M-I

IT consultants\u27 voluntary contract termination - a psychological contract perspective

This research explores the question why IT consultants terminate their employment contracts in a labour market with job drought, downsizing and salary cuts when they were among those who kept their jobs during layoffs. A process model for the maintenance of a psychological contract between employees and employers is presented, which combines the concept of psychological contract with a theory of the relation between intrinsic motivation and management practices and with theories of identity, self-esteem, influence and power. The research verifies and specifies the model based on a revelatory case study. The model helps explaining IT consultants&rsquo; behavior of voluntarily terminating their employment contracts beyond the crisis situation in the IT industry some years ago which motivated this research originally. It should assist managers in a more general context in avoiding practices, which might lead to their employees&rsquo; loss of intrinsic motivation and as a consequence to the loss of valuable employees for the organization.<br /