200 research outputs found
Spin-dependent observables in surrogate reactions
Observables emitted from various spin states in compound U nuclei are
investigated to validate usefulness of the surrogate reaction method. It was
found that energy spectrum of cascading -rays and their multiplicities,
spectrum of evaporated neutrons, and mass-distribution of fission fragments
show clear dependence on the spin of decaying nuclei. The present results
indicate that they can be used to infer populated spin distributions which
significantly affect the decay branching ratio of the compound system produced
by the surrogate reactions
X-ray diffraction and molecular dynamics studies: Structural analysis of phases in diglyseride monolayers
Electron correlation in metal clusters, quantum dots and quantum rings
This short review presents a few case studies of finite electron systems for
which strong correlations play a dominant role. In simple metal clusters, the
valence electrons determine stability and shape of the clusters. The ionic
skeleton of alkali metals is soft, and cluster geometries are often solely
determined by electron correlations. In quantum dots and rings, the electrons
may be confined by an external electrostatic potential, formed by a gated
heterostructure. In the low density limit, the electrons may form so-called
Wigner molecules, for which the many-body quantum spectra reveal the classical
vibration modes. High rotational states increase the tendency for the electrons
to localize. At low angular momenta, the electrons may form a quantum Hall
liquid with vortices. In this case, the vortices act as quasi-particles with
long-range effective interactions that localize in a vortex molecule, in much
analogy to the electron localization at strong rotation.Comment: Review presented in the Conference on Strongly Coupled Coulomb
Systems (SCCS), Camerino, July 200
Gross shell structure at high spin in heavy nuclei
Experimental nuclear moments of inertia at high spins along the yrast line
have been determined systematically and found to differ from the rigid-body
values. The difference is attributed to shell effects and these have been
calculated microscopically. The data and quantal calculations are interpreted
by means of the semiclassical Periodic Orbit Theory. From this new perspective,
features in the moments of inertia as a function of neutron number and spin, as
well as their relation to the shell energies can be understood. Gross shell
effects persist up to the highest angular momenta observed.Comment: 40 pages total; 22 pages text, 19 figures sent as 27 .png file
Inconsistencies in the description of pairing effects in nuclear level densities
Pairing correlations have a strong influence on nuclear level densities.
Empirical descriptions and theoretical models have been developed to take these
effects into account. The present article discusses cases, where descriptions
of nuclear level densities are inconsistent or in conflict with the present
understanding of nuclear properties. Phenomenological approaches consider a
back-shift parameter. However, the absolute magnitude of the back-shift, which
actually corresponds to the pairing condensation energy, is generally not
compatible with the observation that stable pairing correlations are present in
essentially all nuclei. It is also shown that in the BCS model pairing
condensation energies and critical pairing energies are inconsistent for light
nuclei. A modification to the composite Gilbert-Cameron level-density
description is proposed, and the use of more realistic pairing theories is
suggested.Comment: 17 pages, 3 figure
HARD PHOTON PRODUCTION IN NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS AT 30 MeV/u AND 44 MeV/u
Doubly differential cross-sections for Bremsstrahlung production have been measured in the reactions 40Ar + 197Au at 30 MeV/u and 86Kr +12C, AgNat and 197Au at 44 MeV/u. A qualitative analysis of the characteristics of the γ-ray emission suggests strongly that the initial proton-neutron collisions are the main source of nuclear Bremsstrahlung
Potential energy surfaces of superheavy nuclei
We investigate the structure of the potential energy surfaces of the
superheavy nuclei 258Fm, 264Hs, (Z=112,N=166), (Z=114,N=184), and (Z=120,N=172)
within the framework of self-consistent nuclear models, i.e. the
Skyrme-Hartree-Fock approach and the relativistic mean-field model. We compare
results obtained with one representative parametrisation of each model which is
successful in describing superheavy nuclei. We find systematic changes as
compared to the potential energy surfaces of heavy nuclei in the uranium
region: there is no sufficiently stable fission isomer any more, the importance
of triaxial configurations to lower the first barrier fades away, and
asymmetric fission paths compete down to rather small deformation. Comparing
the two models, it turns out that the relativistic mean-field model gives
generally smaller fission barriers.Comment: 8 pages RevTeX, 6 figure
Influence of Lipid Heterogeneity and Phase Behavior on Phospholipase A2 Action at the Single Molecule Level
We monitored the action of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) on L- and
D-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) Langmuir monolayers by mounting a
Langmuir-trough on a wide-field fluorescence microscope with single molecule
sensitivity. This made it possible to directly visualize the activity and
diffusion behavior of single PLA2 molecules in a heterogeneous lipid
environment during active hydrolysis. The experiments showed that enzyme
molecules adsorbed and interacted almost exclusively with the fluid region of
the DPPC monolayers. Domains of gel state L-DPPC were degraded exclusively from
the gel-fluid interface where the build-up of negatively charged hydrolysis
products, fatty acid salts, led to changes in the mobility of PLA2. The
mobility of individual enzymes on the monolayers was characterized by single
particle tracking (SPT). Diffusion coefficients of enzymes adsorbed to the
fluid interface were between 3 mu m^2/s on the L-DPPC and 4.6 mu m^/s on the
D-DPPC monolayers. In regions enriched with hydrolysis products the diffusion
dropped to approx. 0.2 mu m^2/s. In addition, slower normal and anomalous
diffusion modes were seen at the L-DPPC gel domain boundaries where hydrolysis
took place. The average residence times of the enzyme in the fluid regions of
the monolayer and on the product domain were between approx. 30 and 220 ms. At
the gel domains it was below the experimental time resolution, i.e. enzymes
were simply reflected from the gel domains back into solution.Comment: 10 pages, 10 figure
Unified description of magic numbers of metal clusters in terms of the 3-dimensional q-deformed harmonic oscillator
Magic numbers predicted by a 3-dimensional q-deformed harmonic oscillator
with Uq(3)>SOq(3) symmetry are compared to experimental data for atomic
clusters of alkali metals (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs), noble metals (Cu, Ag, Au),
divalent metals (Zn, Cd), and trivalent metals (Al, In), as well as to
theoretical predictions of jellium models, Woods-Saxon and wine bottle
potentials, and to the classification scheme using the 3n+l pseudo quantum
number. In alkali metal clusters and noble metal clusters the 3-dimensional
q-deformed harmonic oscillator correctly predicts all experimentally observed
magic numbers up to 1500 (which is the expected limit of validity for theories
based on the filling of electronic shells), while in addition it gives
satisfactory results for the magic numbers of clusters of divalent metals and
trivalent metals, thus indicating that Uq(3), which is a nonlinear extension of
the U(3) symmetry of the spherical (3-dimensional isotropic) harmonic
oscillator, is a good candidate for being the symmetry of systems of several
metal clusters. The Taylor expansions of angular momentum dependent potentials
approximately producing the same spectrum as the 3-dimensional q-deformed
harmonic oscillator are found to be similar to the Taylor expansions of the
symmetrized Woods-Saxon and wine-bottle symmetrized Woods-Saxon potentials,
which are known to provide successful fits of the Ekardt potentials.Comment: 23 pages including 7 table
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