9 research outputs found
BigDataBench: a Big Data Benchmark Suite from Internet Services
As architecture, systems, and data management communities pay greater
attention to innovative big data systems and architectures, the pressure of
benchmarking and evaluating these systems rises. Considering the broad use of
big data systems, big data benchmarks must include diversity of data and
workloads. Most of the state-of-the-art big data benchmarking efforts target
evaluating specific types of applications or system software stacks, and hence
they are not qualified for serving the purposes mentioned above. This paper
presents our joint research efforts on this issue with several industrial
partners. Our big data benchmark suite BigDataBench not only covers broad
application scenarios, but also includes diverse and representative data sets.
BigDataBench is publicly available from http://prof.ict.ac.cn/BigDataBench .
Also, we comprehensively characterize 19 big data workloads included in
BigDataBench with varying data inputs. On a typical state-of-practice
processor, Intel Xeon E5645, we have the following observations: First, in
comparison with the traditional benchmarks: including PARSEC, HPCC, and
SPECCPU, big data applications have very low operation intensity; Second, the
volume of data input has non-negligible impact on micro-architecture
characteristics, which may impose challenges for simulation-based big data
architecture research; Last but not least, corroborating the observations in
CloudSuite and DCBench (which use smaller data inputs), we find that the
numbers of L1 instruction cache misses per 1000 instructions of the big data
applications are higher than in the traditional benchmarks; also, we find that
L3 caches are effective for the big data applications, corroborating the
observation in DCBench.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures, The 20th IEEE International Symposium On High
Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA-2014), February 15-19, 2014, Orlando,
Florida, US
P2-Na0.67 Alx Mn1-x O2 : Cost-Effective, Stable and High-Rate Sodium Electrodes by Suppressing Phase Transitions and Enhancing Sodium Cation Mobility.
Sodium layered P2-stacking Na0.67 MnO2 materials have shown great promise for sodium-ion batteries. However, the undesired Jahn-Teller effect of the Mn4+ /Mn3+ redox couple and multiple biphasic structural transitions during charge/discharge of the materials lead to anisotropic structure expansion and rapid capacity decay. Herein, by introducing abundant Al into the transition-metal layers to decrease the number of Mn3+ , we obtain the low cost pure P2-type Na0.67 Alx Mn1-x O2 (x=0.05, 0.1 and 0.2) materials with high structural stability and promising performance. The Al-doping effect on the long/short range structural evolutions and electrochemical performances is further investigated by combining in situ synchrotron XRD and solid-state NMR techniques. Our results reveal that Al-doping alleviates the phase transformations thus giving rise to better cycling life, and leads to a larger spacing of Na+ layer thus producing a remarkable rate capability of 96 mAh g-1 at 1200 mA g-1
Highly-stable P2-Na 0.67 MnO 2 electrode enabled by lattice tailoring and surface engineering
Abstract(#br)One of the key challenges of sodium ion batteries is to develop sustainable, low-cost and high capacity cathodes, and this is the reason that layered sodium manganese oxides have attracted so much attention. However, the undesired phase transitions and poor electrolyte-electrode interfacial stability facilitate their capacity decay and limit their practical applications. Herein, we design a novel Al 2 O 3 @Na 0.67 Zn 0.1 Mn 0.9 O 2 electrode to mitigate these problems, by taking the advantages of both structural stabilization and surface passivation via Zn 2+ substitution and Al 2 O 3 atomic layered deposition (ALD), respectively. Long-range and local structural analyses during charging/discharging processes indicate that P2-P2’ phase transformation can be suppressed by substituting proper amount of Mn 3+ Jahn-Teller centers with Zn 2+ , whereas excessive Zn 2+ leads to P2-OP4 structure transition at low sodium contents and facilitates the electrode degradations. Furthermore, the homogeneous and robust cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) layers formed on the Al 2 O 3 -coated electrodes effectively hinder the organic electrolytes from further decomposition. Therefore, our synergetic strategy of Zn 2+ substitution and ALD surface engineering remarkably boosts the cycling performance of P2-Na 0.67 MnO 2 and provides some new insights into the designing of highly stable cathode electrodes for sustainable sodium ion batteries
Unraveling (electro)-chemical stability and interfacial reactions of Li 10 SnP 2 S 12 in all-solid-state Li batteries
Abstract(#br)Li 10 SnP 2 S 12 (LSPS) with high ionic conductivity and moderate price is a promising solid electrolyte for all-solid-state batteries. However, the instability of LSPS and LSPS/electrodes interfaces would cause poor cycle performance issues in the LSPS-based all-solid-state batteries, which have not been well understood. Herein, we address and unravel the decomposition products of LSPS and their Li + transfer characteristics, especially on the surface of LSPS/electrodes by using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ss NMR) spectroscopy coupled with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results reveal that the high mechanical energy during ball-milling process leads to the decomposition of LSPS into Li 4 SnS 4 and Li 3 PS 4 . During charge/discharge cycling, specific capacity fading of batteries originates from the formation of new interfacial layer at LSPS/Acetylene black cathode and LSPS/Li metal anode interfaces. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that the rough and porous morphology of the interface formed after cycling, rather than the decomposition products, is the critical factor which results in the increases of the interfacial resistance at LSPS/Li interface and serious formation of Li dendrite. Our results highlight the significant roles of (electro)chemical and interfacial stability of sulfide solid electrolyte in the development of all-solid-state batteries
Stabilizing Li<sub>10</sub>SnP<sub>2</sub>S<sub>12</sub>/Li Interface via an in Situ Formed Solid Electrolyte Interphase Layer
Despite the extremely
high ionic conductivity, the commercialization
of Li<sub>10</sub>GeP<sub>2</sub>S<sub>12</sub>-type materials is
hindered by the poor stability against Li metal. Herein, to address
that issue, a simple strategy is proposed and demonstrated for the
first time, i.e., in situ modification of the interface between Li
metal and Li<sub>10</sub>SnP<sub>2</sub>S<sub>12</sub> (LSPS) by pretreatment
with specific ionic liquid and salts. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results reveal that a stable
solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer instead of a mixed conducting
layer is formed on Li metal by adding 1.5 M lithium bisÂ(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)Âimide
(LiTFSI)/<i>N</i>-propyl-<i>N</i>-methyl pyrrolidinium
bisÂ(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)Âimide (Pyr<sub>13</sub>TFSI) ionic liquid,
where ionic liquid not only acts as a wetting agent but also improves
the stability at the Li/LSPS interface. This stable SEI layer can
prevent LSPS from directly contacting the Li metal and further decomposition,
and the Li/LSPS/Li symmetric cell with 1.5 M LiTFSI/Pyr<sub>13</sub>TFSI attains a stable cycle life of over 1000 h with both the charge
and discharge voltages reaching about 50 mV at 0.038 mA cm<sup>–2</sup>. Furthermore, the effects of different Li salts on the interfacial
modification is also compared and investigated. It is shown that lithium
bisÂ(fluorosulfonyl) imide (LiFSI) salt causes the enrichment of LiF
in the SEI layer and results in a higher resistance of the cell upon
a long cycling life
Understanding the failure process of sulfide-based all-solid-state lithium batteries via operando nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
All-solid-state lithium batteries performance is affected by the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and electrically disconnected (“dead”) Li metal. Here, via operando NMR measurements, the authors quantify the Li metal in the SEI and “dead” regions using various inorganic solid-state electrolytes