Curso de Estiba

Diapositivas que muestra el utillaje utilizado en la estiba a bordoDiapositivas que muestra el utillaje utilizado en la estiba a bord

Introducción a la Estiba

Diapositivas de explicación sobre los conceptos básicos de estiba y transporte marítimoDiapositivas de explicación sobre los conceptos básicos de estiba y transporte marítim

The RAP Net: A Geodetic Positioning Network for Andalusia (South Spain)

The Council of Public Works and Housing of the Government of Andalusia by means of the Andalusian Cartographic Institute has set a positioning geodetic network named Andalusian Positioning Network (RAP). The Laboratory of Astronomy, Geodesy and Cartography (LAGC) of the University of Cadiz is responsible for the design, development, quality checking, geodetic control and technical support of this network. The RAP network main goal is providing GPS data in RINEX format for post-processing operations, and broadcasting differential corrections (RTK or DGPS) from the stations for real-time operations. The RAP network is formed by 22 permanent stations distributed homogeneously as to solve the position problem along Andalusia, including the coast line. The network is referred to ETRF89 reference frame and it has become the geodetic reference frame to scientific and technologic applications, such as the geodynamic control of Andalusia; precise geoid determination; obtaining tropospheric and ionospheric models to regional climatological studies; setting photogrammetric points or marks for georeferencing of satellite images; establishing control points for reference networks in big civil works, for GIS applications, and for terrestrial, maritime and aerial navigation etc. In this paper we present the proceedings to design and set up of the network, to the organization and quality checking of data and the stations. Finally we explain the methodology established to calculate and adjust the RAP network.IECA (instituto de Estadística y Cartografía de Andalucía) Junta de Andalucía- Autor/es: Berrocoso M., Paez R., Jigena B. and Caturla C. - Título: The RAP Net: A Geodetic Positioning Network for Andalusia (South Spain) - Nombre de la revista: EUREF Publication No. 16 - Volumen: Publication No. 16 - Página inicial y final d

Determination of the tide constituents at Livingston and Deception Islands (South Shetland Islands, Antarctica), using annual time series

A detailed study is presented of the tidal constituents for Livingston and Deception Islands (Antarctica) obtained at the LIVMAR and DECMAR tide gauge stations. Data were acquired with tide gauge pressure sensors, and calculated from a long time series of 798 days of data-logging, using the least-squares harmonic estimation method. The results show an improvement over previous results in the region. Seventy tidal constituents were obtained, of which 19 were the most representative with amplitudes greater than 1 cm and a contribution of 93% of the wave energy. In both stations, it was confirmed that the tides are mixed, with a semi-diurnal behavior. The tidal gauge benchmarks (TGBMs) were linked to vertical and horizontal Antarctic Geodetic Networks, which provides a very important contribution for geodetic, oceanographic and hydrographic studies in the area

Naturalization: a new concept developed and carried out in the subject “Environmental Technology” of degree in Industrial Engineering

Environmental Technology is a 6 credits transversal subject included in the curriculum of all the degrees in Industrial Engineering at the Higher Polytechnic School of the University of Seville. In the last 5 academic courses, the students of this matter have been working with the concept of “Naturalization”. In the different topics which are studied in this subject, they have to apply the naturalization of the systems in order to use natural resources for improving processes. The Naturalization implies improvements in energetic efficiency, development of green spaces and CO2 capture and can be applied the majority of the industrial and urban activities. Some of the most meaningful results that our students have researched are: i) Naturalization of a large pond in a business park in Jaen (Spain) performing its layout and eventually implementing it, using plants to improve water quality and stones for fix them and to give support for bacterial biofilms. The students have improved their skills not only in the increase of new knowledge but in the ability of work in groups and carry out a real project under different points of view. ii) Project of naturalization of a neighbourhood in Seville, based on the increase of green spaces, with vegetal species which are able to capture electromagnetic radiations and CO2 emissions as well. iii) Naturalization of the margins of one lagoon in a park in Seville, transforming the precast panelled walls in breakwater bed of stones planted with bank river plants in order to improve the water quality and the landscape

Aerial photographs:a tool for Coastal Engineering Students

Different methodologies have already been applied in different countries to teach Coastal Engineering (CE) trying to improve the learning process due to their inherent difficulty [1]. The large number of academic failures has been reduced [2] by the use of new and old technologies like audio/visual resources [3] or “rules of thumb” [4] respectively. CE has experienced a rapid growth in the last fifty years. And though it has a high mathematical and physical load, understanding the coastal processes through empirical observation is of great help for learning. The new Information Technology (IT) tools have allowed advancing both in the field of theoretical investigation as in the practical application of easily observable phenomena. Especially important is the possibility of using visors of aerial photographs, which allow not only to study a specific situation at a given date, but also the time evolution over the years. The use of Internet applications such as Google Earth opens up many possibilities of study in a very simple way [5]. Therefore, with a basic knowledge on maritime works, it is possible to obtain expressions or mathematical models through free available information, which serve to realize pre-designs of possible solutions or to analyze the certainty of a final solution. These easy-to-apply methodologies let also to evaluate the success or failure of maritime works already executed, and is useful in cases of inability to conduct complete studies of coastal dynamics. Application of these free tools is fundamental to carry out the monitoring of already built maritime works. A suitable treatment of this information allows the realization of new designs in an easier and intuitive way. Moreover, it facilitates the interpretation of coastal processes by engineering students who come for the first time to this topic. Prof. Iribarren, one of the foremost exponents of CE in Spain, based much of his findings on the observation of the sea with a high degree of intuition. For those who do not have that ability to intuit, the tools described previously may be a way to achieve an easier and better understanding of the Coastal Engineering subject

Problem Based Learning: a tool to improve maritime safety learning in the Merchant Maritime University degrees

Since 2010, the University of Cádiz offers three new degree programs related to merchant marine officers studies. These three degrees cover the training and certification of deck officers, marine engineers and radio- electronic officers, clustered under the EINAMAR (Escuela de Ingeniería Marina,Naútica y Radioelectrónica) umbrella. These degrees are designed to provide the students not only with the proper academic certificate but also with a fully worldwide recognized professional certificate. This is the reason why the studies not only have to fully fulfill the academic quality requirements laid down by ANECA (Agencia Nacional de Evaluación de la Calidad y Acreditación) or DEVA (Dirección de Evaluación y Acreditación – Agencia Andaluza del Conocimiento-) but also with the standard qualifications set up by the International Convention on Standard of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping (STCW 95) for seafarers as amended in 2010 (Manila Amendments). According to this, as far as the students finish successfully their studies, and after an onboard training period, they will be able to obtain both, the academic and the professional certificates. “Maritime Safety” is a one of the core subjects for these three programs and it has been designed as a transversal subject in such a way that all the students have the same contents and schedule. This subject aims to provide the students with the theoretical and practical training to cope with any situation involving fire prevention and firefighting as well as incident and accident prevention and resolution on board. It also introduces student into the world of contingency planning and evacuation procedures on board, the knowledge of how to use survival crafts and equipment to increase probabilities of survival when abandoning the ship, and the most appropriate techniques and procedures when abandoning the ship and boarding the survival crafts. The main aim of the practical part of the subject is to improve the on board safety and risk awareness and to let the students get used to the most appropriate techniques and procedures as well as the use and maintenance of the protective equipment available on board. To achieve this goal, problem based learning techniques related to real situations on board have been applied. One of the specific practical workshop that have been implemented during the course, deals with the student training level in the use of SCBA (Self-contained reathing apparatus) and other protective equipment as well as orientation and search and rescue techniques within hostile environments with sensorial losses. As these situations can arise on board students must be familiar with them in order to properly face them. The aim of this specific workshop is not only to improve the students’ safety and risk awareness but also to encourage, strengthen and increase other professional and social skills

Use of the ANKI Software in Coastal Engineering Courses: Methodology and Results

Many people believe that engineering subjects require only mathematical and physical abilities as well as space perception. However, some aspects of the syllabus, must be memorized to achieve optimal academic results. The pandemic situation has meant a reduction in face-to-face classes, which has made it difficult to highlight (through repetition by teachers) those concepts that must be learnt by heart due to their importance. As is well known, the Notecard Question and Answer Technique (NQAT, based on Leitner’s system) helps students to learn those important ideas that must be kept in the long term memory to remember when needed. Therefore, an educational project is presented here that contemplates the creation of a database of question-answer cards to facilitate the memorization of concepts, formulas and key values of different parameters essential for understanding coastal engineering problems. The methodology was experimented in different courses, related to Coastal and Port Engineering. These courses are included in the third year of the Marine Sciences and Civil Engineering Bachelor degrees as well as in the MSc degree in the University of Cadiz. The program chosen was the ANKI, of broad application, easy to use and free to access. As a collateral advantage, students became familiar with this software and were able to use it in other subjects. Through a selective distribution of the different topics, all the students participated in the task of preparing the cards. Their use was encouraged by a series of online tests and a “supplementary bonus” to the final examination. The results obtained between the current course (with flash cards) and the previous one (without flash cards) did not show any substantial change in the number of students who pass the subject. However, students reported that it took less time to memorize formulations and key concepts

Master in Water Engineering a “semi-attendance” University-specific degree with international participation

The Water Engineering Master Course is a university-specific degree at the University of Seville which nowadays can be coursed in two different modalities: “on line” and “semi-attendance”. Its first edition took place at 2000 and since then, the average of graduated students has been of 40 students per course. The semi-attendance mode offers the possibility of being followed in an on-line way from November to June. A Moodle platform provides all the documentation that is required to attend every module, at the end of each one some online questionnaires are also uploaded in order to evaluate the students. Only one of the 10 mandatory modules which make up the course have to be attended in a classroom mode. It takes place during 15 days in July and allows the students to come into contact with the lecturers, professionals of the sector and their own mates as well. During this period both, teachers and students, are lodged in the same residence and all of them have the chance of interchanging experiences in a full teaching-learning process, solving doubts and improving their skills thanks to specific courses, specially designed in function of the lack of knowledge which has been detected during de previous modules, o even, the suggestions received directly from students. Most of the students come from Hispanic countries and in less amount from African and European countries. Actually every July about 80 students and teachers from 25 different countries around the world, meet in Seville to attend this Master. The classes are given in Spanish with translator support if it’s necessary. Different environments, problematic and conditioning factors are studied and a large kind of solutions in water cycle are designed during these days. The requirements to elaborate the final master project are mainly that this one can be used to resolve a real local problem in the student’s origin place and moreover the student can obtain better marks if he/she finds financing to carry it out. In the last 8 years a useful module named “Tools for design” has been included in the program of the Master in order to enable the student in IT, specifically spreadsheets, cad, software for budgeting and measurement, topography and decision support systems. Students who graduate are able to evaluate the most proper technology from a social, technic and economic point of view, as well as, select the most efficient alternatives in order to achieve a sustainable development

A New Method for the Collection of Marine Geomagnetic Information: Survey Application in the Colombian Caribbean

In recent years, the Oceanographic and Hydrographic Research Center (part of the General Maritime Directorate of Colombia (DIMAR) has made important efforts to advance research in the field of marine geophysics, in particular, the techniques of geomagnetism, sub-bottom profiling, and side-scan sonar, the first being the most developed at the present time. A method is presented for the acquisition of geomagnetic data in marine environments, as used by DIMAR in the Colombian maritime territory. The development of the geomagnetic method not only offers the opportunity to advance basic scientific knowledge, but it is also of great importance in support of national sovereignty issues. Among other applications, the most representative uses of the geomagnetic method are the location of pipelines and metal plates, detection of buried ordnance, identification of sites of archaeological interest, and the identification and characterization of geological structures. As a result of testing the method, a grid of geomagnetic data was surveyed in an area close to the Island of San Andres in the north-west of the Colombian maritime territory. The survey was prepared with a regional geometric arrangement, the result of which was compared with survey data obtained from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) magnetic data repository and carried out in the same study area. Despite the long time interval between the two surveys, almost 50 years, no significant differences were observed in terms of the analyzed variables. Finally, results show negligible differences between the magnetic data obtained for the years 1970 and 2018 for all the variables measured, such as the inclination, declination, and total magnetic field. These differences may be attributable to a geological component or also to the acquisition and processing methods used in the 1970s.Caribbean Oceanographic and Hydrographic Research Center (CIOH