591 research outputs found
Selecting offshore renewable energy futures for Victoria
Australiaâs population is continually growing, making land more valuable and adding to energy demand. As the coast
of Victoria, Australia has regular high winds, the development of offshore renewable energy is an excellent alternative
to conventional energy sources. This provides an opportunity to meet growing energy needs while caring for the
environment; and supporting regional communities. There are currently no offshore energy projects in Victoria. This
paper investigates demand, supply, feasibility and planning of the wind and wave power options. Analytical (GIS) and
visual aids (Google Earth) are used to illustrate these options and so to assist the community in making an informed
decision for the renewable energy approaches suitable in Victoria
Magnetic order in spin-1 and spin-3/2 interpolating square-triangle Heisenberg antiferromagnets
Using the coupled cluster method we investigate spin- -
Heisenberg antiferromagnets (HAFs) on an infinite, anisotropic, triangular
lattice when the spin quantum number or . With respect to a
square-lattice geometry the model has antiferromagnetic () bonds
between nearest neighbours and competing () bonds between
next-nearest neighbours across only one of the diagonals of each square
plaquette, the same one in each square. In a topologically equivalent
triangular-lattice geometry, we have two types of nearest-neighbour bonds:
namely the bonds along parallel chains and the
bonds producing an interchain coupling. The model thus interpolates
between an isotropic HAF on the square lattice at and a set of
decoupled chains at , with the isotropic HAF on the
triangular lattice in between at . For both the and the
models we find a second-order quantum phase transition at
and respectively,
between a N\'{e}el antiferromagnetic state and a helical state. In both cases
the ground-state energy and its first derivative are
continuous at , while the order parameter for the transition
(viz., the average on-site magnetization) does not go to zero on either side of
the transition. The transition at for both the and
cases is analogous to that observed in our previous work for the
case at a value . However, for the higher
spin values the transition is of continuous (second-order) type, as in the
classical case, whereas for the case it appears to be weakly
first-order in nature (although a second-order transition could not be
excluded).Comment: 17 pages, 8 figues (Figs. 2-7 have subfigs. (a)-(d)
Mode coupling in the nonlinear response of black holes
We study the properties of the outgoing gravitational wave produced when a
non-spinning black hole is excited by an ingoing gravitational wave.
Simulations using a numerical code for solving Einstein's equations allow the
study to be extended from the linearized approximation, where the system is
treated as a perturbed Schwarzschild black hole, to the fully nonlinear regime.
Several nonlinear features are found which bear importance to the data analysis
of gravitational waves. When compared to the results obtained in the linearized
approximation, we observe large phase shifts, a stronger than linear generation
of gravitational wave output and considerable generation of radiation in
polarization states which are not found in the linearized approximation. In
terms of a spherical harmonic decomposition, the nonlinear properties of the
harmonic amplitudes have simple scaling properties which offer an economical
way to catalog the details of the waves produced in such black hole processes.Comment: 17 pages, 20 figures, abstract and introduction re-writte
Improving the Accuracy of a Two-Stage Algorithm in Evolutionary Product Unit Neural Networks for Classification by Means of Feature Selection
This paper introduces a methodology that improves the accuracy
of a two-stage algorithm in evolutionary product unit neural networks
for classification tasks by means of feature selection. A couple
of filters have been taken into consideration to try out the proposal.
The experimentation has been carried out on seven data sets from the
UCI repository that report test mean accuracy error rates about twenty
percent or above with reference classifiers such as C4.5 or 1-NN. The
study includes an overall empirical comparison between the models obtained
with and without feature selection. Also several classifiers have
been tested in order to illustrate the performance of the different filters
considered. The results have been contrasted with nonparametric statistical
tests and show that our proposal significantly improves the test
accuracy of the previous models for the considered data sets. Moreover,
the current proposal is much more efficient than a previous methodology
developed by us; lastly, the reduction percentage in the number of inputs
is above a fifty five, on average.MICYT TIN2007-68084-C02-02MICYT TIN2008-06681-C06-03Junta de AndalucĂa P08-TIC-374
Clouds, shadows, or twilight? Mayfly nymphs recognise the difference
1. We examined the relative changes in light intensity that initiate night-time locomotor activity changes in nymphs of the mayfly, Stenonema modestum (Heptageniidae). Tests were carried out in a laboratory stream to examine the hypothesis that nymphs increase their locomotion in response to the large and sustained reductions in relative light intensity that take place during twilight but not to short-term daytime light fluctuations or a minimum light intensity threshold. Ambient light intensity was reduced over a range of values representative of evening twilight. Light was reduced over the same range of intensities either continuously or in discrete intervals while at the same time nymph activity on unglazed tile substrata was video recorded.
2. Nymphs increased their locomotor activity during darkness in response to large, sustained relative light decreases, but not in response to short-term, interrupted periods of light decrease. Nymphs did not recognise darkness unless an adequate light stimulus, such as large and sustained relative decrease in light intensity, had taken place.
3. We show that nymphs perceive light change over time and respond only after a lengthy period of accumulation of light stimulus. The response is much lengthier than reported for other aquatic organisms and is highly adaptive to heterogeneous stream environments
Development and external validation study of a melanoma risk prediction model incorporating clinically assessed naevi and solar lentigines
Background:
Melanoma risk prediction models could be useful for matching preventive interventions to patientsâ risk.
Objectives:
To develop and validate a model for incident firstâprimary cutaneous melanoma using clinically assessed risk factors.
Methods:
We used unconditional logistic regression with backward selection from the Australian Melanoma Family Study (461 cases and 329 controls) in which age, sex and city of recruitment were kept in each step, and we externally validated it using the Leeds Melanoma CaseâControl Study (960 cases and 513 controls). Candidate predictors included clinically assessed wholeâbody naevi and solar lentigines, and selfâassessed pigmentation phenotype, sun exposure, family history and history of keratinocyte cancer. We evaluated the predictive strength and discrimination of the model risk factors using odds per ageâ and sexâadjusted SD (OPERA) and the area under curve (AUC), and calibration using the HosmerâLemeshow test.
Results:
The final model included the number of naevi â„ 2 mm in diameter on the whole body, solar lentigines on the upper back (a sixâlevel scale), hair colour at age 18 years and personal history of keratinocyte cancer. Naevi was the strongest risk factor; the OPERA was 3·51 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2·71â4·54] in the Australian study and 2·56 (95% CI 2·23â2·95) in the Leeds study. The AUC was 0·79 (95% CI 0·76â0·83) in the Australian study and 0·73 (95% CI 0·70â0·75) in the Leeds study. The HosmerâLemeshow test Pâvalue was 0·30 in the Australian study and < 0·001 in the Leeds study.
Conclusions:
This model had good discrimination and could be used by clinicians to stratify patients by melanoma risk for the targeting of preventive interventions.
What's already known about this topic?
Melanoma risk prediction models may be useful in prevention by tailoring interventions to personalized risk levels.
For reasons of feasibility, time and cost many melanoma prediction models use selfâassessed risk factors. However, individuals tend to underestimate their naevus numbers.
What does this study add?
We present a melanoma risk prediction model, which includes clinicallyâassessed wholeâbody naevi and solar lentigines, and selfâassessed risk factors including pigmentation phenotype and history of keratinocyte cancer.
This model performs well on discrimination, the model's ability to distinguish between individuals with and without melanoma, and may assist clinicians to stratify patients by melanoma risk for targeted preventive interventions
Thermal diffusion of supersonic solitons in an anharmonic chain of atoms
We study the non-equilibrium diffusion dynamics of supersonic lattice
solitons in a classical chain of atoms with nearest-neighbor interactions
coupled to a heat bath. As a specific example we choose an interaction with
cubic anharmonicity. The coupling between the system and a thermal bath with a
given temperature is made by adding noise, delta-correlated in time and space,
and damping to the set of discrete equations of motion. Working in the
continuum limit and changing to the sound velocity frame we derive a
Korteweg-de Vries equation with noise and damping. We apply a collective
coordinate approach which yields two stochastic ODEs which are solved
approximately by a perturbation analysis. This finally yields analytical
expressions for the variances of the soliton position and velocity. We perform
Langevin dynamics simulations for the original discrete system which fully
confirm the predictions of our analytical calculations, namely noise-induced
superdiffusive behavior which scales with the temperature and depends strongly
on the initial soliton velocity. A normal diffusion behavior is observed for
very low-energy solitons where the noise-induced phonons also make a
significant contribution to the soliton diffusion.Comment: Submitted to PRE. Changes made: New simulations with a different
method of soliton detection. The results and conclusions are not different
from previous version. New appendixes containing information about the system
energy and soliton profile
Non-linear regression models for Approximate Bayesian Computation
Approximate Bayesian inference on the basis of summary statistics is
well-suited to complex problems for which the likelihood is either
mathematically or computationally intractable. However the methods that use
rejection suffer from the curse of dimensionality when the number of summary
statistics is increased. Here we propose a machine-learning approach to the
estimation of the posterior density by introducing two innovations. The new
method fits a nonlinear conditional heteroscedastic regression of the parameter
on the summary statistics, and then adaptively improves estimation using
importance sampling. The new algorithm is compared to the state-of-the-art
approximate Bayesian methods, and achieves considerable reduction of the
computational burden in two examples of inference in statistical genetics and
in a queueing model.Comment: 4 figures; version 3 minor changes; to appear in Statistics and
Computin
Improved numerical stability of stationary black hole evolution calculations
We experiment with modifications of the BSSN form of the Einstein field
equations (a reformulation of the ADM equations) and demonstrate how these
modifications affect the stability of numerical black hole evolution
calculations. We use excision to evolve both non-rotating and rotating
Kerr-Schild black holes in octant and equatorial symmetry, and without any
symmetry assumptions, and obtain accurate and stable simulations for specific
angular momenta J/M of up to about 0.9M.Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures, 1 typo in Eq. (20) correcte
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