Piet Mondrian’ın renk ve biçim sorunları

06.03.2018 tarihli ve 30352 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan “Yükseköğretim Kanunu İle Bazı Kanun Ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun” ile 18.06.2018 tarihli “Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge” gereğince tam metin erişime açılmıştır.Sanat yasamının teknolojik çagın bas döndürücü hıza ulastıgı 20. yüzyılda sanat öncekiyüzyıllardan devraldıgı geleneklerinden yavas yavas kopup o ana kadar hiçdüsünmedigi seyleri yapmaya baslayarak çesitli akımların dogmasına sebep olur. 20. yüzyılsanatçılarından gelistirdigi yeni plastsizm kuramı ve soyut sanatın öncülerinden olanMondrian, Modern sanat tarihinde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Sanat hayatının ilk yıllarındadoga manzaraları, portre ve Hollanda'nın durgun hayatını konu olarak alırken zamanlaPicasso ve Braque'nin analitik kübizminden etkilendi. Uzun arastırmalar sonucundatabiattan aldıgı geometrik biçimleri yatay ve dikey çizgilerle ifade ederek tek temayıisledigi soyut serilerine basladı.Serilerine bir metaformoz gibi evrim geçirterek en ince ayrıntısına kadar çesitlivaryasyonlarım yansıttı. Kübist ressamların ulastıgı soyut anlatımdan daha da ileriyegötürerek plastik sanat üzerine yogunlastı. 1917 yıllarında Doesburg'la birlikte De Stillgrubunu kurarak figüratif çagrısımın tamamıyla terk edildigi yeni plastizm akımınıbaslatarak üç ana renk olan mavi, kırmızı, sarı ve üç nötr renk olan siyah, beyaz, griile çalısmalarını renklendirdi. Çalısmalarında düzenli ızgara sistemini uygulayarakdikdörtgen 45 derece açıyla döndürerek ızgaranın irrasyonelligini vurgulamaya çalıstı.Mondrian'ın siyah dikdörtgenleri devam ettirerek çerçevelenmemis köselere ulastırdıgıtabloları en iyi bilinenler arasındadır. Mondrian her zaman bir sekilde baslayıprenklerin parçalar halinde dagılmasına müsaade ederek renk dikdörtgenlerininboyutlarını gittikçe küçültür. Simetriyi zorlamak yerine onu kırmak için alısılmamıs yenibir yöntemi bulmaya çalısmıstır.Mondrian resmi dengenin gerçeklestirilmesi yolunda bir kılavuz olarak gördü. ki büyükdürtü ret ve üretim üzerinde ısrar ederek sanatın köreltiri tarihinden kendi ayırdı.Yapıtları ve kurumsal çalısmaları endüstriyel ve dekoratif sanatları etkiledi.At the 20th century art, causes to born kinds of trends by making something that wasnot thinking at that time with snapping traditions which was taken over previous centuriesslowly. Mondrian, who developed the plasticism theory from 20th century's artists andone of the pioneers of abstract art, has an important location at modern art history. Atthe first years of him art life he get the nature scene, portrait and Holland's calm life as atopic. He effected in the course of time from Picasso and Baraque's analytic cubism.At the end of the long researches he started her abstract series which processesunique theme by explaining geometrical shapes which were taken from nature usinghorizontal and vertical lines. He reflected different variations to most slim details bymaking evaluations to him series like a metamorphosis. He intensified över plastic artby carrying fonvard from the abstract expressions which the cubist artist had reached.At 1917 year, he started the new plasticism trend which abandoned the figurativesummons by estabîishing the De stijl group with Doesburl. He livened up her workswith blue, red and yellow which are foundation colors and white and grey which areneutral colors. He tried to emphasize the irrationality of grate by rotating the rectanglewith 45 degrees of angle with using tidy grate system. Mandrian's most knownpaintings are reached to not to framed corners by continuing set rectangles. Mondrianalways decreases the dimensions of color rectangles by allowing separating colors aspieces with starting a shape. He tried to find inhabitational ways for breaking symmetryinstead of forcing

Synthesis, characterization, thermal and electrical behaviors of a new methacrylate polymer bearing chalcone and hydroxyl side groups

Bu çalışmada, yan grupta kalkon ve hidroksil grubu bulunan yeni metakrilat polimerinin dielektrik ve termal özelliklerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç için ilk olarak 1-(4-hidroksifenil)-3-(4metoksifenil)prop-2-en-1on) bileşiği ile epiklorhidrin etkileştirilerek 3-(4-metoksifenil)-1-(4-(oksiran-2ylmetoksi) fenil)prop2-en-1-on (EP-MKAL) bileşiği sentezlendi. İkinci olarak EP-MKAL ile metakrilik asitin reaksiyonundan 2-hidroksi-3-(4-3-(4-metoksifenil)akriloil)fenoksi)propil metakrilat (MKAL-MET) monomeri elde edildi. Daha sonra bu monomerin serbest radikalik polimerizasyon yöntemi ile homopolimeri P(MKAL-MET) hazırlandı. Sentezlenen bileşiklerin ve polimerin yapı karakterizasyonları FT-IR, 1H ve 13C-APT NMR yöntemleri kullanılarak yapıldı. Polimerin termal davranışları DSC ve TGA termal analiz metotları ile belirlendi. Farklı ısıtma hızlarında (5, 10, 20, 30 ve 40 oC/dk) ölçülen TGA sonuçlarından Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (F-W-O) yöntemine göre polimerin ortalama aktivasyon enerjisi 141,26 kJ/mol olarak hesaplandı. P(MKAL-MET)’in dielektrik sabiti, dielektrik kayıp faktörü ve ac iletkenlik değerleri farklı sıcaklıklarda (298K, 318K, 333K, 353K) frekansın bir fonksiyonu olarak (100 Hz ile 30 kHz arasında) empedans analizör cihazı ile belirlendi. Polimerin 1 kHz sabit frekans ve oda sıcaklığındaki dielektrik sabiti, dielektrik kayıp faktörü ve ac iletkenlik değerleri sırasıyla 5,34; 3,73 ve 1,08x10-8 S/cm olarak bulundu. Ayrıca polimerin EuCl3 ile farklı oranlarda (ağırlıkça %3, %5 ve %10) kompozitleri hazırlanarak dielektrik özellikler üzerindeki etkisi araştırıldı. EuCl3 konsantrasyonu arttıkça dielektrik sabiti, dielektrik kayıp ve ac ilektkenlik değerlerinde, saf polimere göre önemli artış gözlendiği görülmüştür.The aim of this study is to determine the dielectric and thermal properties of the new methacrylate polymer with chalcone and hydroxyl groups at side group. For this purpose, firstly 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)1-(4-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)phenyl)prop2-en-1-one (EP-MKAL) was synthesized by reacting (1-(4hydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl) compound and epichlorohydrin. Afterwards, 2hydroxy-3-(4-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)acryloyl)phenoxy)propyl methacrylate (MKAL-MET) monomer was obtained from the reaction of EP-MKAL with methacrylic acid. The homopolymer P(MKAL-MET) was prepared by the free radical polymerization method. The structures of compounds were characterized by FT-IR, 1H and 13C-APT NMR methods. The thermal behaviors of the polymer were determined by using DSC and TGA thermal analysis methods. According to the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (F-W-O) method, the average decomposition activation energy of the polymer was determined as 141.26 kJ / mol with using of the TGA thermograms at different heating rates (5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 oC/min). The dielectric and electrical properties of P(MKAL-MET) were determined by the impedance analyzer (between 100 Hz and 30 kHz) as a function of frequency against increasing temperature (298K, 318K, 333K, 353K). Dielectric constant, dielectric loss and ac conductivity of P(MKAL-MET) were determined 5.34, 3.73 and 1.08x10-8 S/cm, respectively at room temperature and 1 kHz. In addition, 3%, 5% and 10% by weight EuCl3 composites were prepared, and their effects on dielectric properties were investigated. The increasing EuCl3 concentration, dielectric properties were significantly increased compared to pure polymer

Synthesis, structural characterization and dielectric behavior of new oxime-cyclotriphosphazene derivatives

The cyclotriphosphazene compound (2) bearing formyl groups as side groups was obtained from the reaction of 2,2-Dichloro-4,4,6,6-bis[spiro(2′,2″-dioxy-1′,1″-biphenylyl)]cyclotriphosphazene (1) with 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde in the presence K2CO3 in tetrahydrofuran. Oxime-cyclotriphosphazene compound (3) was synthesized from the reaction of compound 2 with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in pyridine. The synthesized oxime-phosphazene compound (3) was reacted with alkyl and acyl halides. As a results, the cyclotriphosphazene compounds (1–10) bearing oxime ether and ester as side groups were obtained. The chemical structures of these compounds (1–10) were determined by elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H, 13C and 31P NMR spectroscopic methods. Dielectric constant, dielectric loss factors and conductivity properties of cyclotriphosphazene compounds were measured over the frequency range from 100 Hz to 2 kHz at 25 °C and compared with each other. It is found that ester substituted cyclotriphosphazenes have higher dielectric constant. Our study suggests that these phosphazenes promising candidate materials in multifunctional optoelectronic devices.Sponsor Kurum: Fırat Üniversitesi Finansman Kodu: FF.11.2

Eu+3-doped chalcone substituted cyclotriphosphazenes: Synthesis, characterizations, thermal and dielectrical properties

A series of new cyclotriphosphazene derivatives (2a-e) were prepared from the reactions of substituted chalcone compounds (1a-e) containing different organic side groups at para position with cyclotriphosphazene (2) bearing dioxybiphenyl. The structures of 2a-e were approved by microanalysis and spectroscopic techniques (MS, FT-IR, 31P, 1H, 13C, and 13C-APT NMR). The thermal behaviors of compounds 2a-e were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). These compounds were found to be stable up to about 300 °C. Dielectric properties of 2a-e were measured against temperature (between 25 and 160 °C at 1 kHz) and frequency (range from 100 Hz to 5 kHz at 25 °C) using means of an impedance analyzer. Among them dielectric properties of methoxy substituted cyclotriphosphazene 2e were found to be higher than other phosphazenes. The compound 2b, which has the lower dielectric property values than other phosphazenes, was selected to determine the influence of Eu+3-doping on the dielectric properties of phosphazenes and doped with Eu+3 at different mole ratios. At the dielectric properties of Eu+3-doped compound 2b (with increasing molar ratios of Eu+3) was observed an excellent increasing according to Eu+3-undoped phosphazene compounds.Sponsor Kurum: Fırat Üniversitesi Finansman Kodu: FF.12.1

Thermal degradation kinetics of real-life reclaimed plastic solid waste (PSW) from an active landfill site:The mining of an unsanitary arid landfill

Landfilling is viewed nowadays as a serious threat associated with various burdens and stressors on the urban environment. To date, there is little information available on actual value of landfilled waste namely plastic solid waste (PSW) resulting from mining operations. In this work, PSW reclaimed from an active unsanitary landfill site (MAB) has been studied with the aim of determining its thermal profile and degradation behaviour for future utilisation in thermo-chemical conversion (TCC) processes. The materials were characterised by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in accordance with internationally approved test methods in a simulated pyrolytic environment. In addition, chemical analysis using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was applied to study the nature of the materials reclaimed. The degradation kinetics of the reclaimed PSW were studied with the aim of determining the apparent activation energy (Ea) of the pyrolytic reactions. The Ea values determined ranged from 199 to 266 kJ mol−1 which is in-line with pyrolytic reactions applicable for future use in fuel recovery units. TGA showed a clear shift in thermograms indicating a clear change in the degradation mechanism. The physico-chemical studies conducted on the materials also favours TCC treatment over other conventional end of life options such as physical (mechanical) recycling or incineration. The degradation mechanism was also determined from the Criado method showing that Avarami-Erofeve was the model that best represents PSW degradation. Overall, this work points towards future intervention schemes for reclaimed municipal solid waste (MSW) and in particular PSW favouring TCC technologies

Preparation and Characterization of Styrene Bearing Diethanolamine Side Group, Styrene Copolymer Systems, and Their Metal Complexes

The two copolymer systems of styrene bearing diethanol amine side group and styrene were prepared by free radical polymerization method at 60°C in presence of 1,4-dioxane as solvent and AIBN as initiator. Their metal complexes were prepared by reaction of the copolymer used as ligand P(DEAMSt-co-St)L′′ and Ni(II) and Co(II) metal ions, which was carried out in presence of ethanol and NaOH at 65°C for 48 h in pH = 7.5. The structures of the copolymers used as ligand and metal complexes were identified by FT-IR, 1H-NMR spectra, and elemental analysis. The properties of the copolymers used as ligand and metal complexes were characterized by SEM-EDX, AAS, DSC, TGA, and DTA techniques. Then, the electrical properties of the copolymers and metal complexes were examined as a function of the temperature and frequency, and the activation energies (Ea) were estimated with conductivity measurements