Water drop to metal and water drop to water drop corona discharges

ABSTRACT Water drop corona has been identified by many authors as a major cause of deterioration of silicone rubber high voltage insulation but at this stage there have been no thorough studies made of this phenomenon. In this paper fundamental observations are presented of electrical discharges from water drops, movement of drops, and drop coalescence in the presence of 50 Hz alternating electric fields. Measurements are made both with water drops on metal electrodes and with water drops on the surface of silicone rubber insulation. Comparisons are made of current pulses and atomic emission spectra from previous work by the authors on dry point-plane discharges to provide information about the main types of active species which may cause insulator surface degradation. Visual images of wet electrodes show how water drops can play a part in encouraging flashover. The first reproducible visual images of water drop corona at the triple junction of water air and rubber insulation are presented. The current measurements were captured with a digital oscilloscope sampling at 200 MHz. The time constant of the measuring circuitry was approximately 14 nanoseconds

An analysis of health related physical fitness measurements and absenteeism of employees participating in worksite wellness program

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physical fitness and absenteeism comparisons between exercising and non-exercising employees who participate in worksite wellness program

Navigation on the San Joaquin River, 1848-1925

This thesis is a history of the navigation on the San Joaquin River from 1848 until 1925. The main purpose of the thesis will be to examine chronologically any and all events and factors concerned with the navigation of the river during that period of time. The first chapter will survey the geographical and historical background of the San Joaquin River. The emphasis will be placed on the river\u27s use for navigation. Since the upper, southern third of the San Joaquin Valley does not drain into the San Joaquin River, only those areas between the Kings River on the south and the Cosumnes River on the north will be included in this study

Analysis of Sol-Gel Encapsulated Aggregate-Prone Peptides by Circular Dichroism

Protein aggregation has been linked to many debilitating neurological diseases. In each case, a specific protein is thought to have a region of intrinsically disordered structure that seeds the aggregation. Highly cooperative in nature, protein aggregation is difficult to investigate. The current study aims to characterize two aggregation-prone peptides involved in Huntington\u27s disease, polyglutamine (polyQ, D2Q15K2), and Alzheimer\u27s disease, amyloid-beta (A&beta). A protocol was developed to encapsulate the peptides by the sol-gel technique. Generated from a liquid state, the silica matrix is presumed to isolate the soluble peptide, preventing aggregation. In addition, the porosity of the glass allows the solvent conditions to be altered. The peptides were characterized by circular dichroism spectroscopy (CD). In solution, both peptides were most aggregation-prone when they contained the least amount of secondary structure. Encapsulated polyQ showed unique pH-dependent spectra not seen in solution. A&beta was able to take on both a random coil and an apparent beta structure in 5% hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP), depending on the prior solvent, indicating two semi-stable states of similar energy. The results for both peptides show that (1) the encapsulated peptides can adopt a significant amount of helical secondary structure, (2) the secondary structure can be altered by varying the solution, temperature, and pH, and (3) most changes in structure appear to be reversible. These results are consistent with the absence of aggregation in the encapsulated samples

P/2010 A2 LINEAR II: dynamical dust modelling

P/2010 A2 is an object on an asteroidal orbit that was observed to have an extended tail or debris trail in January 2010. In this work, we fit the outburst of P/2010 A2 with a conical burst model, and verify previous suspicions that this was a one--time collisional event rather than an sustained cometary outburst, implying that P/2010 A2 is not a new Main Belt Comet driven by ice sublimation. We find that the best--fit cone opening angle is about 40 to 50 degrees, in agreement with numerical and laboratory simulations of cratering events. Mapping debris orbits to sky positions suggests that the distinctive arc features in the debris correspond to the same debris cone inferred from the extended dust. From the velocity of the debris, and from the presence of a velocity maximum at around 15 cm/s, we infer that the surface of A2 probably has a very low strength (<1 kPa), comparable to lunar regolith.Comment: 14 pages, 25 figures; accepted by Astronomy and Astrophysic

HOW FREQUENTLY ARE ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS USED TO TREAT OCD IN A BRITISH COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH TEAM?

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a condition with a prevalence of around 1-2% (3-4% in some studies) with a recognised protocol for its treatment produced by the national institute for health and clinical excellence (NICE). NICE recommends that all patients with OCD are first offered treatment with cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) concentrating on exposure and response prevention (ERP) before proceeding to selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Treatment may later be augmented with clomipramine and/or an antipsychotic. This study focuses on the biological treatment received after, or in parallel to, the psychological . We aimed to collate and evaluate the levels of biological treatment currently received by OCD outpatients in the Bedford East catchment area of SEPT. In particular we wished to establish how many of the patients were receiving an atypical antipsychotic as well as maximal SSRIs. Hence we have attempted to assess the types of treatment received by patients under our care, and the difficulties associated with the treatment of this illness

First-person video recordings with eye tracking glasses and cognitive task analysis as a framework for referee decision training

RationaleIn comparison to players little is known about how sports officials integrate perception and cognition to manage in-game decisions.DesignUsing a naturalistic approach this paper uses first-person eye-tracked video footage to document the attentional demands and situation awareness (SA) of expert touch (rugby/football) referees in their real-world environment to inform decision training for amateur officials. Drawing directly from match performances, an applied cognitive task analysis (ACTA) technique investigated how three international referees manage complex attentional demands, to see what lessons could be learned for less-experienced referees.FindingsReferees emphasised the importance of role clarity and game understanding as the foundation for effective match officiating. They used advanced cues such as player body language and movement patterns (SA1) to interpret game status (SA2) and predict likely actions and movement patterns (SA3).Ordering abstraction, preventive communication and early positioning were used to lessen cognitive load and encourage game flow.Practical ImplicationsThe merits of using first-person, eye-tracked, audio-visual footage with ACTA for training less experienced sports officials through expert verbal elicitation or self-reflection are discussed.Research ContributionThe paper proposes a decision tree for touch refereeing which emphasises a hierarchical ordering of cognitive decision points that provides the basis for training amateur referees

P/2010A2 LINEAR - I: An impact in the Asteroid Main Belt

Comet P/2010A2 LINEAR is a good candidate for membership with the Main Belt Comet family. It was observed with several telescopes (ESO NTT, La Silla; Gemini North, Mauna Kea; UH 2.2m, Mauna Kea) from 14 Jan. until 19 Feb. 2010 in order to characterize and monitor it and its very unusual dust tail, which appears almost fully detached from the nucleus; the head of the tail includes two narrow arcs forming a cross. The immediate surroundings of the nucleus were found dust-free, which allowed an estimate of the nucleus radius of 80-90m. A model of the thermal evolution indicates that such a small nucleus could not maintain any ice content for more than a few million years on its current orbit, ruling out ice sublimation dust ejection mechanism. Rotational spin-up and electrostatic dust levitations were also rejected, leaving an impact with a smaller body as the favoured hypothesis, and ruling out the cometary nature of the object. The impact is further supported by the analysis of the tail structure. Finston-Probstein dynamical dust modelling indicates the tail was produced by a single burst of dust emission. More advanced models, independently indicate that this burst populated a hollow cone with a half-opening angle alpha~40degr and with an ejection velocity v_max ~ 0.2m/s, where the small dust grains fill the observed tail, while the arcs are foreshortened sections of the burst cone. The dust grains in the tail are measured to have radii between a=1-20mm, with a differential size distribution proportional to a^(-3.44 +/- 0.08). The dust contained in the tail is estimated to at least 8x10^8kg, which would form a sphere of 40m radius. Analysing these results in the framework of crater physics, we conclude that a gravity-controlled crater would have grown up to ~100m radius, i.e. comparable to the size of the body. The non-disruption of the body suggest this was an oblique impact.Comment: 15 pages, 11 figures, in pres