Improving Energy Efficiency in MANETs by Multi-Path Routing

Some multi-path routing algorithm in MANET, simultaneously send information to the destination through several directions to reduce end-to-end delay. In all these algorithms, the sent traffic through a path affects the adjacent path and unintentionally increases the delay due to the use of adjacent paths. Because, there are repetitive competitions among neighboring nodes, in order to obtain the joint channel in adjacent paths. The represented algorithm in this study tries to discover the distinct paths between source and destination nodes with using Omni directional antennas, to send information through these simultaneously. For this purpose, the number of active neighbors is counted in each direction with using a strategy. These criterions are effectively used to select routes. Proposed algorithm is based on AODV routing algorithm, and in the end it is compared with AOMDV, AODVM, and IZM-DSR algorithms which are multi-path routing algorithms based on AODV and DSR. Simulation results show that using the proposed algorithm creates a significant improvement in energy efficiency and reducing end-to-end delay

Measurement of the correlation coefficients between extracted features from CT-scan and MRI images

Background and aims: Nowadays applying computer in image processing is rapidly increasing to resolve shortcomings of medical images. Image features modify its image contained image information. The aim of the present study was to find correlation between CT-scan and MRI images' features. Methods: In this descriptive study, it was used 1458 CT and MRI images of 6 patients (3 females and 3 males) referred to Golestan Hospital in Ahwaz, Iran. After collecting image, pre-processing and feature extract were performed. Then, the images' features were analyzed and correlation coefficients were calculated using Pearson correlation. Results: There was significant relation between most of the extracted features of the CT-scan and the MR (T1-weighted) images (P<0.05). The correlation coefficient between CT-scan images and MR (T1-weighted) images was higher than those of CT-scan images and MRI (T2-weighted). Furthermore, the correlation coefficient between CT-scan images and MRI (T1-weighted) images was higher than those between MR (T1-weighted) and MR (T2-weighted) features' images. Maximum value of the correlation coefficient (0.93) was related to the texture features and its minimum (0.004) was related to the morphological features. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that there is a significant relationship between extracted features of CT-scan and MRI images, which leads to use a similar algorithm for classification and segmentation studies

Gold nanoparticle and mean inactivation dose of human intestinal colon cancer HT-29 cells

Background: Mean inactivation dose is a useful radiobiological parameter for the comparison of human cell survival curves. Objectives: Given the importance and accuracy of these parameters, in the present study, the radio sensitivity enhancement of colon cancer (HT-29) cells in the presence of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) were studied using the mean inactivation dose (MID). Materials and Methods: Naked-GNPs with 50 nm diameters were incubated with HT-29 cells. The cytotoxicity and uptake of these particles on HT-29 cells were assessed. After determining the optimum GNPs concentration, the cells were incubated with gold nanoparticle for 24 hours. The change in the MID value as well as the radio sensitization enhancement under irradiation with 9 MV X-ray beams in the presence of GNPs were evaluated by multiple (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium)MTS assay. Results: Cell survival in the presence of GNPs was more than 90% and the maximum uptake of GNPs was observed at 60 μM of gold nanoparticles. In contrast, in the presence of GNPs combined with radiation, cell survival and MID value significantly decreased, so that the radio sensitization enhancement was 1.4. Conclusions: Due to the significant reduction in the mean inactivation dose of colon cancer cells in the presence of gold nanoparticles, it seems that GNPs are suitable options to achieve a new approach in order to improve radiotherapy efficiency without increasing the prescribed radiation dose

Self-consistent solution for the magnetic exchange interaction mediated by a superconductor

We theoretically determine the magnetic exchange interaction between two ferromagnets coupled by a superconductor using a tight-binding lattice model. The main purpose of this study is to determine how the self-consistently determined superconducting state influences the exchange interaction and the preferred ground-state of the system, including the role of impurity scattering. We find that the superconducting state eliminates RKKY-like oscillations for a sufficiently large superconducting gap, making the anti-parallel orientation the ground state of the system. Interestingly, the superconducting gap is larger in the parallel configuration than in the anti-parallel configuration, giving a larger superconducting condensation energy, even when the preferred ground state is anti-parallel. We also show that increasing the impurity concentration in the superconductor causes the exchange interaction to decrease, likely due to an increasing localization of the mediating quasiparticles in the superconductor.Comment: 13 pages, 12 figure

Stormwater Management Based on Resilient Urban Drainage Strategies

Source: ICHE Conference Archive - https://mdi-de.baw.de/icheArchiv

Defective mitosis-linked DNA damage response and chromosomal instability in liver cancer.

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common form of liver cancer, represents a health problem in hepatic viruses-eradicating era because obesity, type 2 diabetes, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are considered emerging pathogenic factors. Metabolic disorders underpin mitotic errors that lead to numerical and structural chromosome aberrations in a significant proportion of cell divisions. Here, we review that genomically unstable HCCs show evidence for a paradoxically DNA damage response (DDR) which leads to ongoing chromosome segregation errors. The understanding of DDR induced by defective mitoses is crucial to our ability to develop or improve liver cancer therapeutic strategies

Cytotoxic Effects and Induction of Apoptosis of Cisplatin Loaded on Polybutyl Cyanocryl Nanoparticles on the Growth of Human Cellular Cancer Cell Line In Vitro

Glioma is the most common primary tumor of the brain and CNS tumors and 80% of the malignant brain tumors. The average life time of patients with glioblastoma is 14.6 months due to various therapeutic options, including surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In recent years, biodegradable polymer nanoparticles have attracted attention as pharmaceutical carriers. Polymeric nanoparticles can be formed by polymerization of monomers or polymers. On the other hand apoptosis or a planned cell death is a regulated normalized cell suicide process that enables the living being to maintain the number of cells and eliminate unwanted cells that threaten existing survival. So, in this study, the effect of cytotoxicity and induction of apoptosis nano-cysplatinum was studied. To date, various carriers have been used to deliver cisplatin. We plan to load cisplatin on polybutyl cyanacrylate nanoparticles and compare its effect with the standard drug in the carcinoma cell of the brain C6 and examine its properties in the laboratory environment. Introduction: Cancer is an important issue in modern medicine and is the most common cause of death after cardiovascular disease. Meanwhile, brain cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer deaths among women and men, with the third highest incidence among other cancers. Therefore, chemotherapy drugs aimed at preventing abnormal cell proliferation in certain tissues of the body and, on the other hand, inducing apoptosis in tumor cells are considered important candidates for cancer treatment. Due to the role of apoptosis induction, cisplatin can be used as anticancer therapeutic agent. Methods and Results: The cytotoxic effect and induction of apoptosis cisplatin on brain cancer were investigated. The cytotoxicity of cisplatin by MTT was evaluated on brain cancer cell line (C6).Finally, to evaluate the effect of nanosilver platinum on the apoptosis process, a staining method with a Hawkish color 33258 was used by fluorescent microscope. The results of this study showed that nano-cysplatinum had more cellular cytotoxic activity than free drug and the effect of induction of apoptosis with nano-drug was investigated. Conclusions: Our results showed that synthesized nanorods can be used as a new nano-medicine to replace chemotherapy, and the effect of inducing apoptosis by nano-nutrition has been shown to provide favorable results

Anti-diabetic effect of betulinic acid on streptozotocinnicotinamide induced diabetic male mouse model

Diabetes is a metabolic disease caused by abnormal insulin secretion or action. In the present study, the effects of betulinic acid (BA, a triterpene) are evaluated on glucose, α-amylase and plasma insulin levels, insulin resistance and the histopathology of pancreatic islets in streptozotocin-nicotinamide (STZNA) diabetic mice. Seventy adult male NMRI mice were randomly divided into seven groups: control, sham, diabetic, diabetic treated with BA (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) and diabetic treated with metformin (200 mg/kg). Diabetes was induced in mice by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin 50 mg/kg after a dose of nicotinamide 120 mg/kg. Two weeks after treatment with BA, blood samples were collected for measuring glucose, α-amylase and insulin levels, and the pancreas was isolated for histopathology evaluation. Diabetes reduced the number and diameter of pancreatic islets, and increased α-amylase and insulin resistance. BA treatment reduced blood glucose, α-amylase and improved insulin sensitivity as well as pancreas histopathology. In addition, BA showed stronger effects on the pancreatic histology and insulin resistance compared to the metformin group

1.19 Calcium Phosphate Ceramics With Inorganic Additives ☆

The use of inorganic compounds as synthetic growth factors is a promising approach for improving the biological properties of existing synthetic bone graft substitutes such as calcium phosphates. In this article we have described some of the inorganic additives that may improve the capabilities of calcium phosphates, and help bridge the gap toward autograft?s performance known as gold standard for bone regeneration. This article focuses on the specific roles of bioinorganics in processes related to bone formation and resorption and how these modify the biological properties of calcium phosphates, and finally provides insight into the future of this field

Generating Synthetic Computed Tomography and Synthetic Magnetic Resonance (sMR: sT1w/sT2w) Images of the Brain Using Atlas-Based Method

Introduction: Nowadays, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in combination with computed-tomography (CT) is increasingly being used in radiation therapy planning. MR and CT images are applied to determine the target volume and calculate dose distribution, respectively. Since the use of these two imaging modalities causes registration uncertainty and increases department workload and costs, in this study, brain synthetic CT (sCT) and synthetic MR (sMR: sT1w/sT2w) images were generated using Atlas-based method; consequently, just one type of image (CT or MR) is taken from the patient. Material and Methods: The dataset included MR and CT paired images from 10 brain radiotherapy (RT) patients. To generate sCT/sMR images, first each MR/CT Atlas was registered to the MR/CT target image, the resulting transformation was applied to the corresponding CT/MR Atlas, which created the set of deformed images. Then, the deformed images were fused to generate a single sCT/sMR image, and finally, the sCT/sMR images were compared to the real CT/MR images using the mean absolute error (MAE). Results: The results showed that the MAE of sMR (sT1w/sT2w) was less than that of sCT images. Moreover, sCT images based on T1w were in better agreement with real CT than sCT-based T2w. In addition, sT1w images represented a lower MAE relative to sT2w. Conclusion: The CT target image was more successful in transferring the geometry of the brain tissues to the synthetic image than MR target