TOWARD A HISTORY OF CHILEAN WRITTEN CULTURE. HAPPENINGS OF THE ALONSO DE ERCILLA’S BOOK, LA ARAUCANA.

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo general plantear las primeras interrogantes conducentes hacia una historia de la circulación del libro La Araucana, impreso por primera vez en 1569 y posteriormente reeditado en variadas oportunidades. Su problemática central implica definir: qué historiografía podemos construir sobre la permanencia, la vigencia y la autoridad de una obra todavía considerada herencia fundacional y columna vertebral de la sociedad chilena?. El centro paradigmático de esta investigación reside en la detección de las preguntas derivadas del trabajo de edición de la primera edición chilena del texto publicado en Santiago en el año 1888.The main objective of this paper is to present the first questioning about a history of the circulation of the book La Araucana, printed for the first time in 1569 and subsequently reprinted in various opportunities. Its central question implies a definition: What kind of historiography we can build considering the continuance, the force and the authority of a work that is still respected as a founding inheritance, and backbone of Chilean society? The paradigmatic center of this investigation resides in realizing the questions that emerge from the first chilean edition of the text published in Santiago in the year 1888

Impaired body perception in developmental prosopagnosia

Developmental prosopagnosia (DP) is a lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder associated with difficulties recognising and discriminating faces. In some cases, the perceptual deficits seen in DP appear to be face-specific. However, DP is known to be a heterogeneous condition, and many cases undoubtedly exhibit impaired perception of other complex objects. There are several well-documented parallels between body and face perception; for example, faces and bodies are both thought to recruit holistic analysis and engage similar regions of visual cortex. In light of these similarities, individuals who exhibit face perception deficits, possibly due to impaired holistic processing or aberrant white matter connectivity, might also show co-occurring deficits of body perception. The present study therefore sought to investigate body perception in DP using a sensitive delayed match-to-sample task and a sizeable group of DPs. To determine whether body perception deficits, where observed, co-vary with wider object recognition deficits, observers’ face and body matching ability was compared with performance in a car matching condition. Relative to age-matched controls, the DP sample exhibited impaired body matching accuracy at the group level, and several members of the sample were impaired at the single-case level. Consistent with previous reports of wider object recognition difficulties, a number of the DPs also showed evidence of impaired car recognition

Evaluating object recognition ability in developmental prosopagnosia using the Cambridge Car Memory Test

Individuals with developmental prosopagnosia (DP) sometimes experience object identification difficulties in addition to problems recognising faces. To better understand the distribution of non-face object recognition ability in this population, we administered the Cambridge Car Memory Test (CCMT) – a leading, standardised measure of object recognition ability – to a large sample of DPs (N = 46). When considered as a single group, the DPs scored lower than matched controls. This finding provides further evidence that developmental object agnosia (DOA) may be more common in DP than in the general population. Relative to the DPs’ face recognition deficits, however, car matching deficits were small and inconsistent. In fact, we observed a striking range of CCMT performance in our DP sample. While some DPs performed extremely poorly, many more achieved scores within one standard deviation of the typical mean, and several DP participants achieved excellent CCMT scores comparable with the best controls

The discrimination of facial sex in developmental prosopagnosia

Developmental prosopagnosia (DP) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterised by difficulties recognising and discriminating faces. It is currently unclear whether the perceptual impairments seen in DP are restricted to identity information, or also affect the perception of other facial characteristics. To address this question, we compared the performance of 17 DPs and matched controls on two sensitive sex categorisation tasks. First, in a morph categorisation task, participants made binary decisions about faces drawn from a morph continuum that blended incrementally an average male face and an average female face. We found that judgement precision was significantly lower in the DPs than in the typical controls. Second, we used a sex discrimination task, where female or male facial identities were blended with an androgynous average face. We manipulated the relative weighting of each facial identity and the androgynous average to create four levels of signal strength. We found that DPs were significantly less sensitive than controls at each level of difficulty. Together, these results suggest that the visual processing difficulties in DP extend beyond the extraction of facial identity and affects the extraction of other facial characteristics. Deficits of facial sex categorisation accord with an apperceptive characterisation of DP

Transcripción y estudio preliminar de las causas judiciales seguidas a Josefa Orrego y Tránsito Muchel, parteras

In the cases presented here from the end of the XVIIIth century concerning two midwives, one fi nds the action work of the juridical power as a representatives of medical knowledge used against two who have what might be considered traditional knowledge. These cases have received different historical interpretations. A review of these interpretations, as well as current debates, are exhibited next, followed by a transcription of the papers that compose these judicial pieces. The transcription and publication of these documents is to present to investigators, documents that have not received the proper attention in current historical debates.En las causas que se presentan a continuación, seguidas hacia fines del siglo XVIII a dos parteras, se manifiesta la acción del poder judicial como representante del saber médico ilustrado contra dos mujeres poseedoras de saberes calificados como tradicionales. Estas causas han recibido diferentes interpretaciones a partir de tendencias historiográficas y profesionales particulares. Un repaso por dichas interpretaciones, así como las inquietudes que motivan a partir de los debates actuales, son las que se exponen a continuación, seguidas por la transcripción íntegra de las fojas que componen estas piezas judiciales. La transcripción y publicación de estos documentos se orienta a poner ante los ojos de los investigadores importantes documentos que no han recibido la atención debida en los debates historiográficos actuales

Le cinéma à l'épreuve de l'anachronisme. Contribution à une réflexion sur le visible moderne à travers le film-essai. Les cas de Godard, Marker, Kluge et Wenders

This thesis analyzes the relationship between cinema and anachronism. Starting from anachronism as an important topic in history writing and memory discourses, this work intends to deal with some film practices with a strong will if reflection about time and chronologies. Starting from a specific practice as the essay film, analyzed from an aesthetical point of view, a topic comes out about the links between cinema and times, between a multiplicity of image forms and an anachronic time questioning forms, histories, interpretations, links and relationships. If Jean-Luc Godard's Histoire(s) du cinéma (1988-97) questions the sense of cinema itself, his plurality in a dense, complex network, Wim Wender's Tokyo-Ga (1983) interrogates some links between past cinema and more actual film forms, between a memory of cinema and the difficult search for the image's present, actual time. With Sans soleil (1982) and Level Five (1996), Chris Marker crosses cinema, images and their transformations with the complex links between past, present and future, in a context in which time can be presented according to the images forms. In some of this essays, Alexander Kluge gives strategie importance to images of every sort but also to the relationship between the images we produce and our history. All the analyzed films develop some theoretical questions about gaze's practices : every image is the sign of a complexe relationship between history and our starting from history, in accordance with a plural practice of the image.La thèse analyse la relation entre le cinéma et l'anachronisme. En partant des enjeux de la notion d'anachronisme en termes d'écriture de l'histoire et de discours autour de la mémoire, ce travail se propose de traiter certaines pratiques cinématographiques présentant une relation étroite avec une volonté de réflexion sur les temps et les chronologies. A partir d'une pratique spécifique comme le film-essai, dont on analyse les caractères en sens esthétique, un discours se dégage sur les liens entre le cinéma et le temps, entre la pluralité des formes de l'image et un temps anachronique capable de questionner les formes, les histoires, les lectures, les rapports. Si les Histoire(s) du cinéma (1988-97) de Jean-Luc Godard posent la grande question du sens du cinéma, de sa pluralité dans un réseau dense et complexe, Tokyo-Ga (1983) de Wim Wenders questionne les relations entre un cinéma passé et des formes plus actuelles, entre une mémoire du cinéma et la recherche difficile d'un présent de l'image. Chris Marker, avec Sans soleil (1982) et Level Five (1996) croise le cinéma, les images et leurs transformations aux rapports complexes entre passé, présent et futur, dans un contexte où le temps peut se déployer selon les formes de l'image. Dans certains de ses essais, Alexander Kluge assigne une importance stratégique aux images de tout type, mais aussi aux relations entre les images que nous produisons et notre histoire. Tous les parcours analysés font surgir certaines questions théoriques relatives aux pratiques du regard : toute image est le signe d'un agencement complexe entre l'histoire et notre travail à partir de là, selon une pratique plurielle des image

Typical integration of emotion cues from bodies and faces in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Contextual cues derived from body postures bias how typical observers categorize facial emotion; the same facial expression may be perceived as anger or disgust when aligned with angry and disgusted body postures. Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are thought to have difficulties integrating information from disparate visual regions to form unitary percepts, and may be less susceptible to visual illusions induced by context. The current study investigated whether individuals with ASD exhibit diminished integration of emotion cues extracted from faces and bodies. Individuals with and without ASD completed a binary expression classification task, categorizing facial emotion as ‘Disgust’ or ‘Anger’. Facial stimuli were drawn from a morph continuum blending facial disgust and anger, and presented in isolation, or accompanied by an angry or disgusted body posture. Participants were explicitly instructed to disregard the body context. Contextual modulation was inferred from a shift in the resulting psychometric functions. Contrary to prediction, observers with ASD showed typical integration of emotion cues from the face and body. Correlation analyses suggested a relationship between the ability to categorize emotion from isolated faces, and susceptibility to contextual influence within the ASD sample; individuals with imprecise facial emotion classification were influenced more by body posture cues