15 research outputs found
Analytical Techniques and Pharmacokinetics of Gastrodia elata Blume and Its Constituents
Gastrodia elata Blume (G. elata), commonly called Tianma in Chinese, is an important and notable traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which has been used in China as an anticonvulsant, analgesic, sedative, anti-asthma, anti-immune drug since ancient times. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the abundant efforts of scientists in developing analytical techniques and performing pharmacokinetic studies of G. elata and its constituents, including sample pretreatment methods, analytical techniques, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion (ADME) and influence factors to its pharmacokinetics. Based on the reported pharmacokinetic property data of G. elata and its constituents, it is hoped that more studies will focus on the development of rapid and sensitive analytical techniques, discovering new therapeutic uses and understanding the specific in vivo mechanisms of action of G. elata and its constituents from the pharmacokinetic viewpoint in the near future. The present review discusses analytical techniques and pharmacokinetics of G. elata and its constituents reported from 1985 onwards
Novel Strategies Using Total Gastrodin and Gastrodigenin, or Total Gastrodigenin for Quality Control of Gastrodia elata
Gastrodia elata Blume (G. elata), a traditional Chinese medicine, is widely used for treatment of various neuro dysfunctions. However, its quality control is still limited to the determination of gastrodin. In the present study, two novel strategies based on quantitative evaluation of total gastrodin and gastrodigenin with base hydrolysis and total gastrodigenin with base-enzymatic hydrolysis followed by HPLC-FLD were put forward and successfully applied to evaluate the quality of 47 batches of G. elata from eight localities. Meanwhile, a systematic comparison of the novel strategy with the multiple markers and the Pharmacopeia method was performed. The results showed that the parishins category could be completely hydrolyzed to gastrodin by sodium hydroxide solution, and gastrodin could further utterly hydrolyze to gastrodigenin with β-d-glucosidase buffer solution. The contents of total gastrodin and gastrodigenin ranged from 1.311% to 2.034%, and total gastrodigenin from 0.748% to 1.120% at the eight localities. From the comparison, we can conclude that the two novel strategies can comprehensively reveal the characteristics of overall active ingredients in G. elata for quality control. The present study provides a feasible and credible strategy for the quality control of G. elata, suggesting a revision of the latest Chinese Pharmacopoeia or European Pharmacopoeia methods for the modernization of G. elata use
Novel Strategies Using Total Gastrodin and Gastrodigenin, or Total Gastrodigenin for Quality Control of Gastrodia elata
Highly efficient CW laser operation in 4 at. % Tm3+ and 4 at. % Y3+ codoped CaF2 crystals
Growth, Characterization, and Efficient Continuous-Wave Laser Operation in Nd,Gd:CaF2 Single-Crystal Fibers
Microstructure and mechanical properties of TiAl alloys produced by rapid heating and open die forging of blended elemental powder compacts
Prominent Efficiency Enhancement in Perovskite Solar Cells Employing Silica-Coated Gold Nanorods
Highly efficient planar heterojunction
(PHJ) perovskite solar cells
(PSCs) with a structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub>/PCBM/Al were fabricated by a low-temperature solution
process. As employed silica-coated gold (Au@SiO<sub>2</sub>) nanorods
at the interface between the hole transport layer PEDOT:PSS and the
active layer CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub>, the average
power conversion efficiency (PCE) showed over 40% enhancement, of
which the average PCE was improved from 10.9% for PHJ-PSCs without
Au@SiO<sub>2</sub> to 15.6% for PHJ-PSCs with Au@SiO<sub>2</sub>,
and the champion one up to 17.6% was achieved. Both experiment and
simulation results proved that prominent efficiency enhancement comes
from the localized surface plasmon resonance of Au@SiO<sub>2</sub> nanorods which could improve the incident light trapping as well
as improve the transport and collection of charge carrier, resulting
in the enhancement in device parameters. The results suggest that
metal nanorods, e.g., Au@SiO<sub>2</sub>, could be employed to fabricate
high-efficiency and low-cost PHJ-PSCs