Faculty Entrustment of Students in the Core Clerkships: A Comparison between the Longitudinal Integrated Clerkship and the Block Clerkship

INTRODUCTION: Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) have been proposed for use in undergraduate medical education. The ability of faculty to entrust students with EPAs may differ between Longitudinal Integrated Clerkships (LICs) and traditional block clerkships. METHODS: Participants were core clerkship faculty, 64 in a LIC and 31 in a sequential block clerkship. We administered a web-based survey at the end of the core clerkship year to measure preceptors’ typical entrustment (on a scale of 0–10) in students for the 13 American Association of Medical Colleges Core EPAs. We compared entrustment between LIC and block faculty using a Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS:LIC faculty were more entrusting of students than block faculty in 12 out of 13 Core EPAs (p DISCUSSION: LIC faculty were more likely than block clerkship faculty to entrust core clerkship students with performance of most EPAs. This finding is likely the result of LIC faculty having increased familiarity with student abilities because of the continuity of supervision and education inherent to LIC. More research is needed to ascertain the specific features of longitudinal clerkships that increase faculty entrustment of students. CONCLUSIONS: Longitudinal educational experiences may facilitate the assessment of medical students with EPAs

Stellar Atmospheric Parameters for Cool Dwarfs in Gaia DR3

We provide a catalogue of atmospheric parameters for 1,806,921 cool dwarfs from Gaia DR3 which lie within the range covered by LAMOST cool dwarf spectroscopic parameters: 3200 K < T_{eff}< 4300 K, -0.8 < [M/H] < 0.2 dex, and 4.5 <log{g} < 5.5 dex. Our values are derived based on Machine Learning models trained with multi-band photometry corrected for dust. The photometric data comprises of optical from SDSS r, i, z bands, near-infrared from 2MASS J, H, K and mid-infrared from ALLWISE W1, W2. We used both random forest and LightGBM machine learning models and found similar results from both with an error dispersion of 68 K, 0.22 dex, and 0.05 dex for T_{eff}, [M/H], and log {g}, respectively. Assessment of the relative feature importance of different photometric colors indicated W1 -- W2 as most sensitive to both T_{eff} and log{g}, with J -- H most sensitive to [M/H]. We find that our values show a good agreement with APOGEE, but are significantly different to those provided as part of Gaia DR3.Comment: 14 pages, 12 figures, accepted by ApJ

Stellar Atmospheric Parameters for Cool Dwarfs in Gaia Data Release 3

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY), https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/We provide a catalog of atmospheric parameters for 1,806,921 cool dwarfs from Gaia Data Release 3 (DR3) that lie within the range covered by LAMOST cool dwarf spectroscopic parameters: 3200 K < T eff < 4300 K, −0.8 < [M/H] < 0.2 dex, and 4.5 < log g < 5.5 dex. Our values are derived based on machine-learning models trained with multiband photometry corrected for dust. The photometric data comprise optical data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey r, i, and z bands, near-infrared data from the Two Micron All Sky Survey J, H, and K bands, and mid-infrared data from the ALLWISE W1 and W2 bands. We used both random forest and light gradient boosting machine machine-learning models and found similar results from both, with an error dispersion of 68 K, 0.22 dex, and 0.05 dex for T eff, [M/H], and log g, respectively. Assessment of the relative feature importance of different photometric colors indicated W1 − W2 as most sensitive to both T eff and log g, with J − H being most sensitive to [M/H]. We find that our values show a good agreement with the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment, but are significantly different to those provided as part of Gaia DR3.Peer reviewe

Neuroendocrine Response to Exogenous Ghrelin Administration, Combined With Alcohol, in Heavy-Drinking Individuals: Findings From a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Human Laboratory Study

Background: Accumulating evidence has established a role for the orexigenic hormone ghrelin in alcohol-seeking behaviors. Accordingly, the ghrelin system may represent a potential pharmacotherapeutic target for alcohol use disorder. Ghrelin modulates several neuroendocrine pathways, such as appetitive, metabolic, and stress-related hormones, which are particularly relevant in the context of alcohol use. The goal of the present study was to provide a comprehensive assessment of neuroendocrine response to exogenous ghrelin administration, combined with alcohol, in heavy-drinking individuals. Methods: This was a randomized, crossover, double-blind, placebo-controlled human laboratory study, which included 2 experimental alcohol administration paradigms: i.v. alcohol self-administration and i.v. alcohol clamp. Each paradigm consisted of 2 counterbalanced sessions of i.v. ghrelin or placebo administration. Repeated blood samples were collected during each session, and peripheral concentrations of the following hormones were measured: leptin, glucagon-like peptide-1, pancreatic polypeptide, gastric inhibitory peptide, insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1, cortisol, prolactin, and aldosterone. Results: Despite some statistical differences, findings were consistent across the 2 alcohol administration paradigms: i.v. ghrelin, compared to placebo, increased blood concentrations of glucagon-like peptide-1, pancreatic polypeptide, cortisol, and prolactin, both acutely and during the whole session. Lower levels of leptin and higher levels of aldosterone were also found during the ghrelin vs placebo session. Conclusion: These findings, gathered from a clinically relevant sample of heavy-drinking individuals with alcohol use disorder, provide a deeper insight into the complex interplay between ghrelin and appetitive, metabolic, and stress-related neuroendocrine pathways in the context of alcohol use

Ultracool dwarfs identified using spectra in LAMOST DR7

In this work, we identify 734 ultracool dwarfs with a spectral type of M6 or later, including one L0. Of this sample, 625 were studied spectroscopically for the first time. All of these ultracool dwarfs are within 360~pc, with a \textit{Gaia} G magnitude brighter than ~19.2 mag. By studying the spectra and checking their stellar parameters (Teff, logg, and [FeH] derived with the LAMOST pipeline, we found their cool red nature and their metallicity to be consistent with the nature of Galactic thin-disk objects. Furthermore, 77 of them show lithium absorption lines at 6708A, further indicating their young ages and substellar nature. Kinematics obtained through LAMOST radial velocities, along with the proper motion and parallax data from Gaia EDR3, also suggest that the majority of our targets are thin-disk objects. Kinematic ages were estimated through the relationship between the velocity dispersion and the average age for a certain population. Moreover, we identified 35 binaries, with 6 of them reported as binaries for the first time.Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures, published in A&A, Volume 660. A38 (2022

CP violating neutrino oscillation and uncertainties in Earth matter density

We propose a statistical formulation to estimate possible errors in long baseline neutrino oscillation experiments caused by uncertainties in the Earth matter density. A quantitative investigation of the effect is made on the CP asymmetry in future neutrino factory experiments.Comment: Latex, 10 pages, 5 figure

J/psi suppression at forward rapidity in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=39 and 62.4 GeV

We present measurements of the J/psi invariant yields in sqrt(s_NN)=39 and 62.4 GeV Au+Au collisions at forward rapidity (1.2<|y|<2.2). Invariant yields are presented as a function of both collision centrality and transverse momentum. Nuclear modifications are obtained for central relative to peripheral Au+Au collisions (R_CP) and for various centrality selections in Au+Au relative to scaled p+p cross sections obtained from other measurements (R_AA). The observed suppression patterns at 39 and 62.4 GeV are quite similar to those previously measured at 200 GeV. This similar suppression presents a challenge to theoretical models that contain various competing mechanisms with different energy dependencies, some of which cause suppression and others enhancement.Comment: 365 authors, 10 pages, 11 figures, 4 tables. Submitted to Phys. Rev. C. Plain text data tables for the points plotted in figures for this and previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.htm

Medium modification of jet fragmentation in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=200 GeV measured in direct photon-hadron correlations

The jet fragmentation function is measured with direct photon-hadron correlations in p+p and Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=200 GeV. The p_T of the photon is an excellent approximation to the initial p_T of the jet and the ratio z_T=p_T^h/p_T^\gamma is used as a proxy for the jet fragmentation function. A statistical subtraction is used to extract the direct photon-hadron yields in Au+Au collisions while a photon isolation cut is applied in p+p. I_ AA, the ratio of jet fragment yield in Au+Au to that in p+p, indicates modification of the jet fragmentation function. Suppression, most likely due to energy loss in the medium, is seen at high z_T. The fragment yield at low z_T is enhanced at large angles. Such a trend is expected from redistribution of the lost energy into increased production of low-momentum particles.Comment: 562 authors, 70 insitutions, 8 pages, and 3 figures. Submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett. v2 has minor changes to improve clarity. Plain text data tables for the points plotted in figures for this and previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.htm

Nuclear matter effects on J/ψJ/\psi production in asymmetric Cu+Au collisions at sNN\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}} = 200 GeV

We report on $J/\psi$ production from asymmetric Cu+Au heavy-ion collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}$=200 GeV at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at both forward (Cu-going direction) and backward (Au-going direction) rapidities. The nuclear modification of $J/\psi$ yields in Cu$+$Au collisions in the Au-going direction is found to be comparable to that in Au$+$Au collisions when plotted as a function of the number of participating nucleons. In the Cu-going direction, $J/\psi$ production shows a stronger suppression. This difference is comparable in magnitude and has the same sign as the difference expected from shadowing effects due to stronger low-$x$ gluon suppression in the larger Au nucleus. The relative suppression is opposite to that expected from hot nuclear matter dissociation, since a higher energy density is expected in the Au-going direction.Comment: 349 authors, 10 pages, 4 figures, and 4 tables. Submitted to Phys. Rev. C. For v2, fixed LaTeX error in 3rd-to-last sentence. Plain text data tables for the points plotted in figures for this and previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.htm