Review on Software Testing Techniques

Evaluating the software system is a complex issue. This Paper attempts to provide a comprehensive view of the field software Testing Techniques. Software Testing provides a way to analyzing a software item to detect the differences between existing and required conditions. It also means to find the various errors that occur in the software because of which the software is not able to give the cor rect output. From last few decades numerous software testing tools & techniques have emerged to evaluate the system. The major issue within software testing field is to detect bugs . There are various techniques available for testing software

Which Chessboards have a Closed Knight\u27s Tour within the Rectangular Prism?

A closed knight\u27s tour of a chessboard uses legal moves of the knight to visit every square exactly once and return to its starting position. In 1991 Schwenk completely classified the m x n rectangular chessboards that admit a closed knight\u27s tour. In honor of the upcoming twentieth anniversary of the publication of Schwenk\u27s paper, this article extends his result by classifying the i x j x k rectangular prisms that admit a closed knight\u27s tour

Pengaruh Kelekatan Ayah, Ibu, dan Mamak Terhadap Agresi Verbal Remaja di Media Sosial di Sumatera Barat

Penggunaan media sosial yang berlebihan dapat memberikan dampak buruk bagi penggunanya, terutama untuk remaja. Dampak buruk bagi remaja salah satunya adalah perubahan pola pikir (neurologis) yang kemudian dapat mempengaruhi sikap serta perilaku termasuk di dalamnya agresivitas (Afriany, 2019). Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku agresi verbal adalah lingkungan keluarga. Kemudian Agustin (2021) mengatakan bahwa salah satu cara untuk menekan perilaku agresif tersebut dengan menciptakan kelekatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat sejauh mana kelekatan ayah, ibu, dan mamak berpengaruh terhadap agresi verbal remaja di media sosial di Sumatera Barat.  Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Populasi pada penelitian ini yaitu remaja yang ada di Sumatera Barat dan sampel sebanyak 455 orang dengan teknik pengumpulan data yaitu cluster sampling. Pengambilan data untuk penelitian ini dengan menggunakan skala agresi verbal, kelekatan ayah, kelekatan ibu, dan kelekatan mamak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh negatif antara kelekatan ayah, kelekatan ibu, dan kelekatan mamak terhadap agresi verbal remaja di media sosial di Sumatera Barat. Dengan nilai F hitung 8,862 > F tabel 2,63 dan tingkat signifikansi 0,00 < 0,05

Deep Learning-Enabled Sleep Staging From Vital Signs and Activity Measured Using a Near-Infrared Video Camera

Conventional sleep monitoring is time-consuming, expensive and uncomfortable, requiring a large number of contact sensors to be attached to the patient. Video data is commonly recorded as part of a sleep laboratory assessment. If accurate sleep staging could be achieved solely from video, this would overcome many of the problems of traditional methods. In this work we use heart rate, breathing rate and activity measures, all derived from a near-infrared video camera, to perform sleep stage classification. We use a deep transfer learning approach to overcome data scarcity, by using an existing contact-sensor dataset to learn effective representations from the heart and breathing rate time series. Using a dataset of 50 healthy volunteers, we achieve an accuracy of 73.4\% and a Cohen's kappa of 0.61 in four-class sleep stage classification, establishing a new state-of-the-art for video-based sleep staging.Comment: Accepted to the 6th International Workshop on Computer Vision for Physiological Measurement (CVPM) at CVPR 2023. 10 pages, 12 figures, 5 table

Removal of Interferences from Partial Discharge Pulses using Wavelet Transform

 It is essential to detect partial discharge (PD) as a symptom of insulation breakdown in high voltage (HV) applications. However accuracy of such measurement is often degraded due to the existence of noise in the signal. Wavelet Transform (WT) seems to be more suitable than traditional Fourier Transform in analyzing signals with interesting transient information such as partial discharge (PD) signals. In this paper a WT method with soft thresholding is used for signal denoising. PD signals and corona obtained from actual measurements with different voltage magnitudes are processed. Processed signals show the better result.

Optimization of chamois oxidation process of leather using benzoyl per oxide as oxidizing agent

Content: Chamois leathers are basically oil tanned leathers, usually requires 10 to 15 days to process from raw skins. In chamois making, air oxidation plays a major role, free radicals initiate the oxidation process in oil, which oxidizes the double bond of the fatty acid and then the oxidized oil interacts with collagen to stabilize the skin by coating the fibers (Fig 1). In the present study an attempt has been made to reduce the time for chamois leather processing. A common oxidizing agent (Benzoyl peroxide (BPO) was utilized to enhance the oxidation of oil and reduce the time duration. It has been observed that the oxidation of oil in the presence of benzoyl peroxide has significantly reduced the duration of process from 15 to 4 days. Strength properties such as tensile, percentage elongation and organoleptic properties were found to be on par with control leather. The water absorption values of the experimental leathers improved by 1-26 %, compared with control leather. Microscopic analysis (SEM) was employed to study the fiber alignment of the chamois leathers. Take-Away: 1. Time reduction in chamois leather processing 2. Inexpensive and common oxidising agents were employed 3.Improved water absorption of chamois leathe

Potential Risk Assessment of Selected Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Vegetables Grown in Polluted and Non-polluted Areas of Sindh, Pakistan

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in vegetables grown in Sindh, Pakistan. The vegetables were collected from both local markets and industrial areas where vegetation was carried out. All three types of vegetables, root vegetables, leafy vegetables and fruit vegetables were selected for analysis. The PAHs were extracted by Soxhlet extraction method and analysed by gas chromatography. The results showed that average concentration of PAHs in vegetables was ranged from 1.62±0.01 µg/kg to 144.52±2.51 µg/kg. From seven PAHs analyzed, the fluorene was found to be present in almost all vegetable samples and was highest in bitter guard that is 144.52±2.51 µg/kg. Like fluorene, naphthalene and anthracene were also present in all the vegetables but their concentration was not very high (6.89±0.03 µg/kg for naphthalene and 2.18±0.01 for anthracene). Higher concentration of PAHs was observed in samples collected from industrial areas due to the fact that industrial smoke could easily be absorbed by the vegetables grown in those areas

Safety and efficacy of the immunosuppressive agent 6-tioguanine in murine model of acute and chronic colitis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Oral thiopurines are effective and widely used in treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in humans, although their use is limited due the development of adverse events. Here, we examine the efficacy and toxicity of oral treatment with 6-tioguanine (6-TG) and azathioprine (AZA) in a murine model of IBD.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We induced acute or chronic colitis in BALB/c mice by one or four cycles of 3% dextran sulphate sodium (DSS), respectively. Mice were treated by daily gavages of various dosages of 6-tioguanine, azathioprine, or by phosphate buffered saline (PBS) starting the first day of DSS or after two cycles of DSS, respectively. We monitored the efficacy and toxicity by measuring the weight change and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity and by disease severity and histology, at the end of the experiment. Moreover, we measured cytokine production after colon fragment cultivation by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay and numbers of apoptotic cells in the spleen by flow cytometry.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>6-TG is effective in the treatment of acute DSS-induced colitis in a dose-dependent manner and 40 μg of 6-TG is significantly more effective in the treatment of acute colitis than both AZA and PBS. This effect is accompanied by decrease of IL-6 and IFN-γ production in colon. We did not observe histological abnormalities in liver samples from control (PBS) or 6-TG treated mice. However, liver samples from most mice treated with AZA showed mild, yet distinct signs of hepatotoxicity. In chronic colitis, all thiopurine derivatives improved colitis, 20 μg of 6-TG per dose was superior. High doses of 6-TG led to significant weight loss at the end of the therapy, but none of the thiopurine derivatives increased levels of serum ALT. Both thiopurine derivatives reduced the proportion of apoptotic T helper cells, but a high production of both IL-6 and TGF-β was observed only in colon of AZA-treated mice.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Use of 6-TG in the treatment of experimental colitis in mice appears superior to AZA administration and placebo. In contrast to 6-TG, the use of AZA resulted in histological liver abnormalities.</p

Medicine Runners: A community-initiated solution to chronic medicine access in underserved communities

Patient access to chronic medicines is crucial in optimising disease management. With the introduction of a decentralised chronic dispensing unit, stable patients qualify to have access to their chronic medicines away from health facilities at alternative distribution points in the community. The aim of such decentralised chronic medicine ‘parcel’ collection points is to minimise patient load at healthcare facilities. However, non-collection of medicine parcels creates added workload for pharmacy staff and poses a financial burden on the health system. At the University of the Western Cape, following a workshop with community members as part of the service learning in pharmacy (SLiP) programme (2017), medicine runners (collectors) emerged as a theme. Medicine runners are a community-initiated solution to deliver chronic medicine parcels closer to the homes of vulnerable patients. They are community members who fetch medicine parcels either from the facility, or from a collection point, for delivery closer to the patient’s home. Final year pharmacy students (n=6) participated in the workshop to engage with various role-players (n=19) to ascertain how the medicine runners services could be regulated within existing pharmaceutical services. Students were further concerned about the integrity of the medicines during delivery. Upon reflection, students felt that reciprocal accountability between the pharmacy professionals and medicine runners should be incorporated into the delivery framework. Evidence from a pharmacy alumnus who shared experiences on innovative community-based delivery interventions, exemplified adherence to good pharmacy practice rules