2,630 research outputs found
Thermalisation of Local Observables in Small Hubbard Lattices
We present a study of thermalisation of a small isolated Hubbard lattice
cluster prepared in a pure state with a well-defined energy. We examine how a
two-site subsystem of the lattice thermalises with the rest of the system as
its environment. We explore numerically the existence of thermalisation over a
range of system parameters, such as the interaction strength, system size and
the strength of the coupling between the subsystem and the rest of the lattice.
We find thermalisation over a wide range of parameters and that interactions
are crucial for efficient thermalisation of small systems. We relate this
thermalisation behaviour to the eigenstate thermalisation hypothesis and
quantify numerically the extent to which eigenstate thermalisation holds. We
also verify our numerical results theoretically with the help of previously
established results from random matrix theory for the local density of states,
particularly the finite-size scaling for the onset of thermalisation.Comment: 22 pages, 23 figure
Ground state cooling of atoms in optical lattices
We propose two schemes for cooling bosonic and fermionic atoms that are
trapped in a deep optical lattice. The first scheme is a quantum algorithm
based on particle number filtering and state dependent lattice shifts. The
second protocol alternates filtering with a redistribution of particles by
means of quantum tunnelling. We provide a complete theoretical analysis of both
schemes and characterize the cooling efficiency in terms of the entropy. Our
schemes do not require addressing of single lattice sites and use a novel
method, which is based on coherent laser control, to perform very fast
filtering.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figure
Natural noise and external wake field seeding in a proton-driven plasma accelerator
We discuss the level of natural shot noise in a proton bunch-driven plasma
accelerator. The required seeding for the plasma wake field must be larger than
the cumulative shot noise. This is the necessary condition for the axial
symmetry of the generated wake and the acceleration quality. We develop an
analytical theory of the noise field and compare it with multi-dimensional
simulations. It appears that the natural noise wake field generated in plasma
by the available at CERN super-protons-synchrotron (SPS) bunches is very low,
at the level of a few 10 kV/m. This fortunate fact eases the requirements on
the seed. Our three dimensional simulations show that even a few tens MeV
electron bunch precursor of a very moderate intensity is sufficient to seed the
proton bunch self-modulation in plasma.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure
A framework for teaching epistemic insight in schools
This paper gives the rationale and a draft outline for a framework for education to teach epistemic insight into schools in England. The motivation to research and propose a strategy to teach and assess epistemic insight followed research that investigated how students and teachers in primary and secondary schools respond to big questions about the nature of reality and human personhood. The research revealed that there are pressures in schools that dampen students’ expressed curiosity in these types of questions and limit their developing epistemic insight into how science, religion and the wider humanities relate.
These findings prompted the construction of a framework for education for students aged 5–16 designed to encourage students’ expressed interest in big questions and develop their understanding of the ways that science interacts with other ways of knowing. The centrepiece of the framework is a sequence of learning objectives for epistemic insight, organised into three categories. The categories are, firstly, the nature of science in real world contexts and multidisciplinary arenas; secondly, ways of knowing and how they interact; and thirdly, the relationships between science and religion. Our current version of the Framework is constructed to respond to the way that teaching is organised in England. The key principles and many of the activities could be adopted and tailored to work in many other countries
Level Sets of the Takagi Function: Local Level Sets
The Takagi function \tau : [0, 1] \to [0, 1] is a continuous
non-differentiable function constructed by Takagi in 1903. The level sets L(y)
= {x : \tau(x) = y} of the Takagi function \tau(x) are studied by introducing a
notion of local level set into which level sets are partitioned. Local level
sets are simple to analyze, reducing questions to understanding the relation of
level sets to local level sets, which is more complicated. It is known that for
a "generic" full Lebesgue measure set of ordinates y, the level sets are finite
sets. Here it is shown for a "generic" full Lebesgue measure set of abscissas
x, the level set L(\tau(x)) is uncountable. An interesting singular monotone
function is constructed, associated to local level sets, and is used to show
the expected number of local level sets at a random level y is exactly 3/2.Comment: 32 pages, 2 figures, 1 table. Latest version has updated equation
numbering. The final publication will soon be available at springerlink.co
Asymptotic behaviour of estimators of the parameters of nearly unstable INAR(1) models
A sequence of first-order integer-valued autoregressive type (INAR(1))
processes is investigated, where the autoregressive type coefficients converge to 1. It
is shown that the limiting distribution of the joint conditional least squares estimators
for this coefficient and for the mean of the innovation is normal. Consequences
for sequences of Galton{Watson branching processes with unobservable immigration,
where the mean of the offspring distribution converges to 1 (which is the
critical value), are discussed
Measuring Information Transfer
An information theoretic measure is derived that quantifies the statistical
coherence between systems evolving in time. The standard time delayed mutual
information fails to distinguish information that is actually exchanged from
shared information due to common history and input signals. In our new
approach, these influences are excluded by appropriate conditioning of
transition probabilities. The resulting transfer entropy is able to distinguish
driving and responding elements and to detect asymmetry in the coupling of
subsystems.Comment: 4 pages, 4 Figures, Revte
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