Putting knowledge to work in clinical practice: understanding experiences of preceptorship as outcomes of interconnected domains of learning.

AIM: To explore how preceptor support can assist newly qualified nurses (NQNs) to put knowledge to work across interconnected forms of knowledge when delegating to health care assistants (HCAs). BACKGROUND: Current literature on preceptorship in nursing has failed to explore how competence is underpinned by knowledge frameworks in clinical practice. DESIGN: An ethnographic case study in three hospital sites in England (2011-2014). METHODS: Data collection included participant observation, interviews with 33 newly qualified nurses, 10 HCAs and 12 ward managers. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. A tool to assist NQNs to delegate and supervise NQNs during the preceptorship period was developed and piloted with thirteen NQNs in the same sites. A process evaluation was undertaken. FINDINGS: Focusing on a key task for NQNS, delegation to HCAs, we argue that preceptorship can support NQNs as they put knowledge to work in the transition from qualifying student to NQN. In supportive ward cultures, limited access to formal preceptorship can be bolstered by team support. NQNs in less supportive ward cultures may have both a greater need for preceptorship and have fewer compensatory mechanisms available to them when formal preceptorship is not available. We argue that organisational learning contexts and individual learning styles (interconnected domains of learning) are key to understanding effective preceptorship. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that putting knowledge to work early in their careers with preceptorship support may assist NQNs to develop confidence and competence in delegation and supervision of health care assistants. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

Subsurface mapping of Rustenburg Layered Suite (RLS), Bushveld Complex, South Africa : inferred structural features using borehole data and spatial analysis

Faults and other structural features within the mafic-ultramafic layers of the Bushveld Complex have been a major issue mainly for exploration and mine planning. This study employed a new approach in detecting faults with both regional and meter scale offsets, which was not possible with the usually applied structure contour mapping. Interpretations of faults from structural and isopach maps were previously based on geological experience, while meter-scale faults were virtually impossible to detect from such maps. Spatial analysis was performed using borehole data primarily. This resulted in the identification of previously known structures and other hitherto unsuspected structural features. Consequently, the location, trends, and geometry of faults and some regional features within the Rustenburg Layered Suite (RLS) that might not be easy to detect through field mapping are adequately described in this study.The University of Pretoria and the Federal University of Technology, Akure through the ETF initiative.http://www.elsevier.com/locate/jafrearsci2018-08-30Geolog

Mikró és kisméretű szoftverfejlestő vállalkozások számára alkalmas projektmenedzsment szoftverek vizsgálata és összehasonlítása

A projektek vezetése komplex feladat, amelyhez célszerű projektmenedzsment szoftvert használni. A dolgozat témája az elsősorban mikro és kis méretű szoftverfejlesztő vállalkozások számára alkalmas projektmenedzsment és csoportmunka támogató szoftverek vizsgálata és összehasonlítása. A dolgozatban összegyűjtésre kerültek a szoftverfejlesztő kisvállalkozások elvárásai a munkájuk szervezését támogató eszközökkel szemben és ezek alapján az interneten kutakodva, megvizsgálásra került, hogy milyen eszközök érhetők el. Az elérhető szoftverekből 4 db került kiválasztásra, Trello, Asana, Jira és Basecamp, melyek részletes összehasonlításra kerültek. Végezetül egy konkrét kis méretű szoftverfejlesztő vállalkozásnka a Trello-val szerzett tapasztalatai zárják a dolgozatot

Predictive mapping of prospectivity for orogenic gold, Giyani greenstone belt (South Africa)

We present a mineral systems approach to predictive mapping of orogenic gold prospectivity in the Giyani greenstone belt (GGB) by using layers of spatial evidence representing district-scale processes that are critical to orogenic gold mineralization, namely (a) source of metals/fluids, (b) active pathways, (c) drivers of fluid flow and (d) metal deposition. To demonstrate that the quality of a predictive map of mineral prospectivity is a function of the quality of the maps used as sources of spatial evidence, we created two sets of prospectivity maps — one using an old lithologic map and another using an updated lithological map as two separate sources of spatial evidence for source of metals/fluids, drivers of fluid flow and metal deposition. We also demonstrate the importance of using spatially-coherent (or geologically-consistent) deposit occurrences in data-driven predictive mapping of mineral prospectivity. The best predictive orogenic gold prospectivity map obtained in this study is the one that made use of spatial evidence from the updated lithological map and spatially-coherent orogenic gold occurrences. This map predicts 20% of the GGB to be prospective for orogenic gold, with 89% goodness-of-fit between spatially-coherent inactive orogenic gold mines and individual layers of spatial evidence and 89% prediction-rate against spatially-coherent orogenic gold prospects. In comparison, the predictive gold prospectivity map obtained by using spatial evidence from the old lithological map and all gold occurrences has 80% goodness-of-fit but only 63% prediction-rate. These results mean that the prospectivity map based on spatially-coherent gold occurrences and spatial evidence from the updated lithological map predicts exploration targets better (i.e., 28% smaller prospective areas with 9% stronger fit to training gold mines and 26% higher prediction-rate with respect to validation gold prospects) than the prospectivity map based on all known gold occurrences and spatial evidence from the old lithological map

Analysis and mapping of soil geochemical anomalies: implications for bedrock mapping and gold exploration in Giyani area, South Africa

Previous exploration activities in the Giyani greenstone belt (GGB) were guided by the availability of outcrops, particularly iron formation, as this rock was considered to be the main host rock for gold mineralisation in the belt, although the majority of the known prospects/deposits are hosted by mafic rocks. However, there is no reliable lithological map available for the GGB, because most of it is covered by regolith, and thus in the early 1990s most mining and exploration companies in the GGB have abandoned their work as they were discouraged by the scarcity of outcrops, the small sizes of existing deposits and the low gold prices at that time. In the present study, major and trace element geochemical data from a high-density soil geochemical survey (1 sample/km2) have been subjected to statistical and spatial analyses to support bedrock mapping and gold exploration. Maps are presented for major oxides, trace elements and selected respective ratio maps, and principal components (PC). The PC analysis was performed on clr-transformed data of selected trace elements known to be associated with gold mineralisation. The first six PCs explain about 78% of the total variance. PC4 representing Sb–As–Te–Cr–Au association best reflects the known gold mineralisation and was, therefore, used as a thematic layer. The information provided by various composite maps of different major/trace element data, as well as PC maps, has been used to produce an interpretive bedrock map outlining major lithological units in the study area. As gold mineralisation in the Giyani greenstone belt is hosted by certain known lithologies, the map is useful in indicating potential gold bearing areas