Prevalence and characteristics of endometrial polyps in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding

Background/Aim. The prevalence of endometrial polyps (EPs) in the general female population is about 24%. Abnormal uterine bleeding is frequently the presenting symptom of EPs. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of EPs in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding. Methods. The prevalence and characteristics of EPs were investigated in 961 patients with abnormal uterine bleeding who underwent dilatation and curettage between January and December 2006. Regarding histopathological features of EPs (presence of atypical hyperplasia or endometrial carcinoma), patients were divided into two groups: group A - patients who had EPs and EPs with hyperplasia without atypia (n = 204) and group B - patients who had EPs with atypical hyperplasia and EPs with carcinoma (n = 7). Results. In 211 (21.94%) patients EPs were found with abnormal uterine bleeding. Histopathologically, there were 175 (82.94%) EPs, 29 (13.74%) EPs with hyperplasia without atypia, 5 (2.37%) EPs with atypical hyperplasia, and 2 (0.95%) EPs with endometrial carcinoma. Contrary to the patients with EPs and EPs with hyperplasia without atypia (group A), patients who had EPs with atypical hyperplasia and EPs with carcinoma (group B) were older (p < 0.05), and more commonly postmenopausal (p < 0.05) and with hypertension (p < 0.05), all of statistical significance. Conclusion. The prevalence of endometrial polyps in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding according to our data was 21.95%. Atypical hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma were rarely confined to a polyp. Older age, postmenopausal period and hypertension may increase the risk of premalignant and malignant changes in endometrial polyps

Proteinski i glikoproteinski biljezi morfogeneze u kulturi tkiva kaktusa Mammillaria gracillis Pfeiff.

As plants with Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM), cacti are highly affected by artificial environmental conditions in tissue culture. Plants of Mammillaria gracillis Pfeiff. (Cactaceae) propagated in vitro produced callus spontaneously. This habituated callus regenerated normal and hyperhydric shoots without the addition of growth regulators. In order to compare habituated callus with the tumorous one, cactus cells were transformed with two strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens: the wild strain B6S3 (tumour line TW) and the rooty mutant GV3101 (tumour line TR). Gene expression in cactus plants, habituated callus, regenerated shoots and two tumour lines was analysed at the level of cellular and extracellular protein and glycoprotein profiles. Proteins were separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and 2-D PAGE electrophoresis and silver stained. Concavalin A-peroxidase staining detected glycoproteins with D-manose in their glycan component on protein blots. Developmentally specific protein patterns of Mammillaria gracillis tissue lines were detected. The 2-D PAGE electrophoresis revealed some tissue specific protein groups. The cellular glycoprotein of 42 kDa detected by ConA was highly expressed in undifferentiated tissues (habituated callus, TW and TR tumours) and in hyperhydric regenerants. Tumours produced extracellular proteins of 33, 23 and 22 kDa. The N glycosylation of cellular and extracellular proteins was related to specific developmental stage of cactus tissue

ANOTHER DISCOVERY OF GOLD JEWELLERY IN SV. IVAN KORNETSKI IN ISTRIA

U proljeće 2009. godine u naselju Sv. Ivan Kornetski nedaleko Umaga pronađena je grobna parcela s zidanom grobnom konstrukcijom unutar koje je, ritualom spaljivanja, bila pokopana ženska osoba. Bogatstvo priloga, među kojima se naročito izdvajaju zlatni nalazi, prsten i privjesci, ukazuju na njen visoki položaj u društvu. Pronalazak grobne parcele ukazuje na postojanje antičke nekropole na području Sv. IvanaIn the spring of 2009, a grave lot was discovered in Sv. Ivan Kornetski near Umag. The lot held a constructed grave with the remains of a female individual who was buried following an incineration rite. Rich accompanying funerary gifts, prominent among which were gold items, a ring and pendants, all indicate that the deceased held a high social position. The discovery of the grave lot indicates the presence of an antique necropolis in the area of Sv. Ivan

ANOTHER DISCOVERY OF GOLD JEWELLERY IN SV. IVAN KORNETSKI IN ISTRIA

U proljeće 2009. godine u naselju Sv. Ivan Kornetski nedaleko Umaga pronađena je grobna parcela s zidanom grobnom konstrukcijom unutar koje je, ritualom spaljivanja, bila pokopana ženska osoba. Bogatstvo priloga, među kojima se naročito izdvajaju zlatni nalazi, prsten i privjesci, ukazuju na njen visoki položaj u društvu. Pronalazak grobne parcele ukazuje na postojanje antičke nekropole na području Sv. IvanaIn the spring of 2009, a grave lot was discovered in Sv. Ivan Kornetski near Umag. The lot held a constructed grave with the remains of a female individual who was buried following an incineration rite. Rich accompanying funerary gifts, prominent among which were gold items, a ring and pendants, all indicate that the deceased held a high social position. The discovery of the grave lot indicates the presence of an antique necropolis in the area of Sv. Ivan

Intermittent tramadol vs tramadol administration via patient-controlled pump after lumbar discectomy: a randomized controlled trial

Aim To compare the effect of intermittent tramadol dosing vs tramadol administration via patient-controlled pump on pain after lumbar discectomy. Methods This randomized prospective study enrolled 100 patients who underwent elective LIV-LV lumbar discectomy in the neurosurgery department at Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center from May 2016 to July 2017. Patients were randomized to receive either tramadol (600 mg daily) via a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump or intermittently. Pain was evaluated by the Croatian version of Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire. Results Forty percent of patients were women. The median (interquartile range) age of the patients was 51 (40-61) years. The groups did not differ in pain at 7 pm on the day of discectomy. However, in the morning and evening on the first postoperative day and in the morning and evening of the second postoperative day, the PCA group had significantly lower pain (P=0.023, P<0.001, P<0.001, P=0.026, respectively). Conclusion This is the first study that used the Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire to compare the effect of tramadol administration via PCA pump and intermittent administration on pain after LIV-LV discectomy in a neurosurgery department. Tramadol showed a good analgesic efficacy in lumbar spine surgery; tramadol via PCA controlled pain more effectively than intermittently administered tramadol

Andragoška podrška razvoju kompetencija kadeta vojne akademije u oblasti fizičkog vaspitanja u cilju postizanja njihovog efikasnijeg opšteg uspeha studiranja

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Uticaj metode uzorkovanja pljuvačke na koncentraciju elektrolita, pH vrednost i puferski kapacitet zdravih ispitanika

Introduction Saliva is a complex secretion, which plays an important role in maintenance of oral health. Analysis of saliva is fast, simple and non-invasive, and it is increasingly used as a biological sample for determination of various biochemical markers. The aim was to determine the influence of unstimulated saliva collection methods for measuring electrolytes concentration (sodium, potassium, calcium), pH and buffer capacity of saliva in healthy subjects. Material and methods 30 healthy subjects, males and females, aged 18 to 20 years, without oral and systemic diseases were included in the study. Unstimulated saliva samples were taken using a special tube (Salivette) and via direct spitting into the test tube. The concentrations of sodium and potassium were determined by flame emission photometry while spectrophotometry was used for calcium concentration. For the analysis of pH value of saliva pH-meter was used, while saliva buffer capacity was determined by titration with HCl (0.005 mol/L). Results The level of sodium in unstimulated saliva collected in test tubes was 8.43 ± 3.92 mmol/L and in special tubes 7.90 ± 4.33 mmol/L. Potassium level in unstimulated saliva collected in test tubes was 13.62 ± 0.99 mmol/L while in special tubes it was 13.54 ± 0.94 mmol/L. Mean values of sodium and potassium in unstimulated saliva didn't show statistically significant difference in their concentrations between the two methods of collecting saliva. In contrast to these electrolytes, calcium concentration was higher in the samples of saliva collected with special tubes (2.04 ± 1.05 mmol/L) compared to the samples taken by direct spitting into the test tube (1.38 ± 1.18 mmol/L) with statistically significant difference (p lt 0.05). By analyzing the pH of unstimulated saliva it was found that the average pH value of saliva collected with special tubes was 7.05 ± 0.32, and after direct spitting into test tubes it was 7.35 ± 0.41. Buffer capacity of saliva in healthy subjects was lower after taking with special tubes (5.18 ± 0.74) compared to test tubes (5.36 ± 0.85), but without statistical difference. Conclusion Unstimulated saliva collecting methods using cotton pads (salivette) and direct spitting in the test tube did not affect the value of pH, buffer capacity, the concentrations of sodium and potassium, but affected the concentration of calcium in saliva from healthy subjects.Uvod Pljuvačka je složen sekret koji ima značajnu ulogu u održavanju oralnog zdravlja. Analiza pljuvačke je brza, jednostavna i neinvazivna, pa se sve češće koristi kao biološki uzorak za određivanje različitih biohemijskih markera. Cilj ovog rada bio je da se proceni uticaj metode sakupljanja nestimulisane pljuvačke na koncentraciju elektrolita (natrijuma, kalijuma, kalcijuma), pH i puferski kapacitet pljuvačke kod zdravih ispitanika. Materijal i metode rada U istraživanje je uključeno 30 zdravih ispitanika muškog i ženskog pola, starosti od 18 do 20 godina, bez oralnih i sistemskih oboljenja. Uzorci nestimulisane pljuvačke su uzimani pomoću specijalnih epruveta - saliveta, i direktnim ispljuvavanjem u epruvete. Koncentracije natrijuma i kalijuma u pljuvački određivane su metodom plamene emisione fotometrije, a koncentracija kalcijuma metodom spektrofotometrije. Za analizu pH pljuvačke korišćen je pH-metar, a puferski kapacitet pljuvačke je određivan titracijom sa HCl (0,005 mol/L). Rezultati Koncentracija natrijuma u nestimulisanoj pljuvački sakupljenoj epruvetama iznosila je 8,43 ± 3,92 mmol/L, a u salivetama 7,90 ± 4,33 mmol/L. Koncentracija kalijuma u nestimulisanoj pljuvački sakupljenoj epruvetama iznosila je 13,62 ± 0,99 mmol/L, a u salivetama 13,54 ± 0,94 mmol/L. Analiza natrijuma i kalijuma u nestimulisanoj pljuvački nije pokazala statistički značajnu razliku u njihovoj koncentraciji između dve metode sakupljanja pljuvačke. Za razliku od ovih elektrolita, koncentracija kalcijuma je bila veća u uzorku pljuvačke sakupljene salivetama (2,04 ± 1,05 mmol/L) u odnosu na uzorak koji je uzet direktnim ispljuvavanjem u epruvetu (1,38 ± 1,18 mmol/L), sa statistički značajnom razlikom (p lt 0,05). Analizom pH nestimulisane pljuvačke utvrđeno je da je srednja pH vrednost pljuvačke sakupljene salivetama 7,05 ± 0,32, a direktnim ispljuvavanjem u epruvete 7,35 ± 0,41. Puferski kapacitet pljuvačke zdravih ispitanika je bio niži nakon uzimanja salivetama (5,18 ± 0,74) nego epruvetama (5,36 ± 0,85), ali bez statistički značajne razlike. Zaključak Metode sakupljanja nestimulisane mešovite pljuvačke pomoću pamučnih uložaka (salivete) i direktnim ispljuvavanjem u epruvete ne utiču na vrednost pH, puferski kapacitet, koncentraciju natrijuma i kalijuma u pljuvački, ali utiču na koncentraciju kalcijuma u pljuvački zdravih ispitanika

The influence of sampling method on electrolyte concentrations, ph and buffer capacity of saliva in healthy individuals

Introduction Saliva is a complex secretion, which plays an important role in maintenance of oral health. Analysis of saliva is fast, simple and non-invasive, and it is increasingly used as a biological sample for determination of various biochemical markers. The aim was to determine the influence of unstimulated saliva collection methods for measuring electrolytes concentration (sodium, potassium, calcium), pH and buffer capacity of saliva in healthy subjects. Material and methods 30 healthy subjects, males and females, aged 18 to 20 years, without oral and systemic diseases were included in the study. Unstimulated saliva samples were taken using a special tube (Salivette) and via direct spitting into the test tube. The concentrations of sodium and potassium were determined by flame emission photometry while spectrophotometry was used for calcium concentration. For the analysis of pH value of saliva pH-meter was used, while saliva buffer capacity was determined by titration with HCl (0.005 mol/L). Results The level of sodium in unstimulated saliva collected in test tubes was 8.43 ± 3.92 mmol/L and in special tubes 7.90 ± 4.33 mmol/L. Potassium level in unstimulated saliva collected in test tubes was 13.62 ± 0.99 mmol/L while in special tubes it was 13.54 ± 0.94 mmol/L. Mean values of sodium and potassium in unstimulated saliva didn't show statistically significant difference in their concentrations between the two methods of collecting saliva. In contrast to these electrolytes, calcium concentration was higher in the samples of saliva collected with special tubes (2.04 ± 1.05 mmol/L) compared to the samples taken by direct spitting into the test tube (1.38 ± 1.18 mmol/L) with statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). By analyzing the pH of unstimulated saliva it was found that the average pH value of saliva collected with special tubes was 7.05 ± 0.32, and after direct spitting into test tubes it was 7.35 ± 0.41. Buffer capacity of saliva in healthy subjects was lower after taking with special tubes (5.18 ± 0.74) compared to test tubes (5.36 ± 0.85), but without statistical difference. Conclusion Unstimulated saliva collecting methods using cotton pads (salivette) and direct spitting in the test tube did not affect the value of pH, buffer capacity, the concentrations of sodium and potassium, but affected the concentration of calcium in saliva from healthy subjects

Polymorphisms of the GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes in women of central Serbia: Absence of association with uterine myoma

Since glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes are involved in cellular protection, we aimed to determine the distribution of GSTT1 and GSTM1 null genotypes in women in central Serbia in order to assess the risk of development of uterine myoma. The study consisted of 34 clinically diagnosed uterine myoma patients and 35 healthy control women. Analyses of GST polymorphism were carried out by multiplex PCR. Our results showed no significant differences in the GSTT1 and GSTM1 null genotypes between the patients and controls. Using the GSTT1 positive/GSTM1 positive combination as reference, there was no statistically significant risk of uterine myoma with the combination of GSTT1 null and GSTM1 null genotypes. We conclude that polymorphism of both GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes, alone or in combination, did not present the main risk for uterine myoma in women from central Serbia.[Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. III41010 i br. ON 175103

Usporedba analgetskog učinka paracetamola primijenjenog intermitentno i putem samostalno kontrolirane crpke nakon lumbalne diskektomije: prospektivna klinička studija

Lumbar discectomy is the most common surgical treatment for intervertebral disc extrusion. Postoperative pain is a common clinical problem that greatly affects the length of hospitalization, functional status and patient quality of life. Th e aim of this study was to compare the postoperative analgesic effi cacy of paracetamol administered intermittently and through patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump following single level lumbar discectomy. Patients who underwent elective lumbar discectomy of intervertebral disc extrusion at the L4-L5 level diagnosed by magnetic resonance of the lumbosacral spine were included in the study. Pain was assessed at regular intervals for 48 hours through a shortened version of McGill pain questionnaire translated in the Croatian language. When pain was monitored as a summarized variable for each measurement, PCA group significantly stood up after 24 hours with better perception of pain compared to the intermittent group (c2-test, p<0.05). Adequate pain relief is an important aspect of postoperative care in spinal surgery patients. Postoperative use of paracetamol through PCA pump achieved better pain control and pain management versuspostoperative use of intermittent paracetamol analgesia after lumbar discectomy.Lumbalna diskektomija je najčešći kirurški način liječenja hernijacije intervertebralnog diska lumbalnog dijela kraljež-nice. Bol je čest klinički problem koji uvelike utječe na trajanje bolničkog liječenja, funkcionalni status i kvalitetu života bolesnika. Cilj studije bio je usporediti učinkovitost poslijeoperacijske analgezije paracetamolom primijenjenim intermitentno i putem samostalno kontrolirane crpke (patient-controlled analgesia, PCA) nakon neurokirurškog operativnog zahvata ekstruzije intervertebralnog diska na razini L4-L5. Ispitanici su bili bolesnici kojima je elektivnim zahvatom učinjena lumbalna diskektomija intervertebralnog diska na razini L4-L5, ustanovljena magnetskom rezonancom. Bol je procjenjivana u jednakim vremenskim intervalima kroz 48 sati putem skraćene verzije McGillova upitnika za procjenu boli, na hrvatskom jeziku. Promatrajući bol kao sažetu varijablu svakog mjerenja, skupina ispitanika PCA je pokazala značajno bolje rezultate percepcije boli nakon 24 sata od operacijskog zahvata u odnosu na skupinu koja je primala intermitentno primijenjenu analgeziju paracetamolom (c2-test, p<0,05). Odgovarajuća poslijeoperacijska analgezija važan je aspekt poslijeoperacijske skrbi bolesnika nakon kirurškog zahvata na kralježnici. Poslijeoperacijska primjena paracetamola putem PCA dovodi do bolje kontrole boli u usporedbi s intermitentnim davanjem paracetamola u bolesnika nakon lumbalne diskektomije