Letter to the Editor

Transumbilical hernial laparotomy for a cystic abdominal mas

Culled Lionfish Sexual Maturity Over A Four-Year Timespan​

Lionfish are invasive in the Atlantic and the Caribbean. Like many other invasive species, they do not have any natural predators in these areas, so their population can grow unchecked. This can decrease the population of native fish species due to lionfish eating to excess. Because of their impact on native species, resource managers have incentivized lionfish hunting. Hunters were paid $6 USD for every pound of lionfish they brought in, so they possibly favored larger lionfish to increase their reward which would lead to an adaptive advantage for fish of smaller sizes. We hypothesized that the lionfish bounty program would affect the average size of lionfish and the size of females at sexual maturity, both of which should decrease. Since 2019, local fisherman brought their lionfish catch to the Tobacco Caye Marine Station to retrieve a financial bounty. Data on fish size, sex, and reproductive status was then obtained from the fish. These data were used to determine the percentage of female lionfish in each of three categories: those that were not sexually mature, those that were, and those that were in the intermediate phase of development. This data was used in conjunction with fish size to estimate the size at sexual maturity. Over the study, the size distribution of mature females appeared to decline. In 2019-2020, the smallest mature lionfish was 18-20 cm, and the average length of mature females was over 20 cm in size. By 2022, the average size of mature fish was 18.5 cm with higher percentages of mature fish in the smaller size classes than in previous years. Differential sampling effort was not accounted for in this study and would need to be addressed before drawing robust conclusions. However, the pattern suggests fishing pressure could drive earlier sexual maturation

A Rare Case of Adult Congenital Heart Disease: Single Ventricular Chamber with Anomalous Right Coronary Artery in an Octogenarian

ABSTRACT Patients with single-ventricle physiology encompass a wide array of anatomic subtypes, including but not limited to: tricuspid atresia, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, doubleoutlet or double-inlet ventricles. The outcomes for patients with single ventricle born before 1990 are relatively poor. An 81-year-old female presented to the hospital as non-ST elevation myocardial infarction. She was started on antiplatelet and anticoagulation. Echocardiogram revealed a single ventricle which was thought to be left ventricle with possible transposition of great vessels. Angiography was performed that identified the single ventricle and anomalous origin of the right coronary artery (RCA). She was also found to have double vessel coronary artery disease with diffuse stenosis of mid-RCA at 80% and proximal circumflex at 95%. She was managed conservatively as was high risk for CABG given her rare congenital condition. Patients with single ventricle are at risk of long-term morbidity, including heart failure, neurological injury, and early death. The mortality risk of these patients is high as most of the patients without corrective surgery do not proceed to adulthood. Our case had multivessel coronary artery stenosis along with a rare presentation of congenital heart disease in adulthood. The patient was offered percutaneous coronary intervention, but she declined and chose to be treated conservatively with only medical management. We present a rare case of an elderly female surviving with a single ventricular chamber. The patient is an exception to the usual process of the pathology as most patients without corrective surgery seldom survive into adulthood

Lamento antecipado e norma moral na intenção dos consumidores de selecionar restaurantes de trabalho infantil: aumentando a teoria do comportamento planejado

Child labor is very severe social obstacle of the world of under develop nations like Pakistan. Still most of the young children are working in different sectors for the livelihood of their homes. This study explore the anticipated regret and moral norm in consumers’ intention to select child labor restaurants with the uses of augmenting the theory of planned behavior. Present study carried out in the five districts of south Punjab, Pakistan. There are three hundred questionnaires is filled from the owners of the restaurants from the selected regions. SPSS is used for the analysis of the data and multiple regression is used for testing the hypothesis. The results showed that theory of planned behavior constructs are significantly influence the intention of the child. Many owners took child as a labor because its cheap. While augmenting version of the planned behavior theory also good predictor of the child labor intentions. Government and NGOs take some actions to eliminate the child labor and sent into the schools.El trabajo infantil es un obstáculo social muy severo en el mundo de las naciones subdesarrolladas como Pakistán. Aún así, la mayoría de los niños pequeños están trabajando en diferentes sectores para el sustento de sus hogares. Este estudio explora el arrepentimiento anticipado y la norma moral en la intención de los consumidores de seleccionar restaurantes de trabajo infantil con el fin de aumentar la teoría del comportamiento planificado. Estudio actual realizado en los cinco distritos del sur de Punjab, Pakistán. Hay trescientos cuestionarios llenados por los propietarios de los restaurantes de las regiones seleccionadas. SPSS se utiliza para el análisis de los datos y la regresión múltiple se utiliza para probar la hipótesis. Los resultados mostraron que la teoría de los comportamientos planificados influye significativamente en la intención del niño. Muchos dueños tomaron al niño como mano de obra porque es barato. Si bien la versión aumentada de la teoría de la conducta planificada también es un buen predictor de las intenciones del trabajo infantil. El gobierno y las ONG toman algunas medidas para eliminar el trabajo infantil y las envían a las escuelas.O trabalho infantil é um obstáculo social muito grave do mundo dos países em desenvolvimento, como o Paquistão. Ainda a maioria das crianças jovens estão trabalhando em diferentes setores para o sustento de suas casas. Este estudo explora o lamento antecipado e a norma moral na intenção dos consumidores de selecionar restaurantes de trabalho infantil com o objetivo de aumentar a teoria do comportamento planejado. Presente estudo realizado nos cinco distritos do sul de Punjab, Paquistão. Existem trezentos questionários preenchidos pelos proprietários dos restaurantes das regiões selecionadas. O SPSS é usado para a análise dos dados e a regressão múltipla é usada para testar a hipótese. Os resultados mostraram que a teoria dos construtos de comportamento planejados influencia significativamente a intenção da criança. Muitos proprietários levaram criança como um trabalho de parto porque é barato. Enquanto aumenta a versão da teoria do comportamento planejado também bom preditor das intenções de trabalho infantil. O governo e as ONGs tomam algumas medidas para eliminar o trabalho infantil e enviá-las para as escolas

Nexus between willingness to pay for renewable energy sources: Evidence from Turkey

The willingness to pay (WTP) plays a central role in directing appropriate policy regarding ambitious renewable energy targets. Based on this discrepancy, this study intends to investigate the willingness to pay (WTP) for Turkish citizens regarding green electricity by using a one-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA). The interviews were conducted comprising 2500 households in 12 major metropolitan cities of Turkey, which is based on the contingent valuation method and consists of 26 questions. The results indicate that for a 20% share of renewable energy, middle-income groups are willing to pay higher than lower and upper-income groups. Moreover, highly environmentally conscious people tend to pay more for a 20% share of green energy. On the other hand, high-income groups and old age groups indicated a positive and high willingness to pay for a 30% share of renewable energy (RE) sources. In addition, primary school and undergraduate educational groups recorded highly significant results for willingness to pay. The results also indicate that Turkish citizens are willing to pay 9.25 Turkish liras (TL) per month for a 20% share and 4.77 Turkish liras per month for a 30% share of renewable energy in total energy production.Q1WOS:0005681197000043289747

Prediction of cognitive and intellectual competence in kindergarten schools associated with general measures of health: a study on children with age ranges between 4 to 7 years

BACKGROUND Stunting refers to the low “height-for-age” measurement. Literature suggests that it is associated with delayed or diminished physical development, cognition and intellectual abilities. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to estimate the physical growth measures among children under 4 to 7 years of age and to determine its relationship with cognitive deficits & intellectual performances

Influence of Socio-demographic Variables on Prevalence of Hypertension in Lahore Division, Pakistan

Hypertension is a growing public health issue at global level and it is considered as a potent factor for cardiovascular ailments. But various socio-demographic factors are root causes to provoke this physiological disorder. In current study, through cross sectional survey, performa based data of 100 persons was collected from cities Lahore division, Pakistan. The results showed that males are more suffering than females and fall in age range of 20-40yrs. Most frequently reported initial symptoms are fatigue, irregular heartbeat and difficulty in breathing. Whereas district wise comparison indicated higher prevalence level in Lahore and Kasur than Shiekhupura and Nankana Sahib.   Similarly, ANOVA results highlighted that economic status matters the most, parallel to the extent of awareness among masses, that’s why; mediocre is suffering more than upper or lower class. Thus cost effective treatments based findings should be our future goal to control this growing disease