Caractérisation de nouveaux variants des fimbriae F17 et association à la virulence chez des souches pathogènes d’Escherichia coli isolées chez le veau

The bacterium Escherichia coli is commonly found in the normal intestinal microflora in mammals but may be responsible for diarrhea outbreaks in newborn calves. Among pathogenic E. coli in calves, necrotoxigenic strains of NTEC2 type produce adhesins of the F17 fimbriae family. These fimbriae are composed of the polymorphic pilin F17A and adhesin F17G, for which several variants are unknown. In this thesis, the two new pilin variants F17e-A and F17f-A and the new adhesin variant F17-G3 were reported. F17f-A is a mix of the pilin variants F17c-A and F17d-A and was identified on a Vir plasmid in a NTEC2 strain isolated from a diarrheic calf. F17e-A and F17-G3 were identified in E. coli strains isolated from diarrheic calves in Iran and from a bovine commensal E. coli strain respectively. To determine their association to virulence, a screening of these variants was performed on E. coli strains isolated from healthy and diarrheic calves. The genetic carriage of these variants was also determined. The F17-G3 encoding gene was exclusively carried by bacterial chromosome, notably on a pathogenicity island. The F17e-A encoding gene was chromosomally located or in association with the encoding genes of the NTEC2 typical toxins CNF2 and CDT-III on IncF plasmids that belong to a same plasmidic family. These results confirm the link between F17 fimbriae and NTEC2 strains and underline the role of plasmids in NTEC2 pathovar evolution and appearanceLa bactérie Escherichia coli, habituelle commensale de la microflore intestinale des mammifères, peut être responsable de diarrhées chez les veaux nouveaux-nés. Parmi les E. coli pathogènes chez le veau, les souches nécrotoxinogènes de type NTEC2 produisent des adhésines de la famille des fimbriae F17. Ces fimbriae sont caractérisés par un polymorphisme de leur piline F17A et de leur adhésine F17G, qui se traduit par l'expression de variants dont plusieurs n'ont pas encore été décrits. Cette thèse rapporte la caractérisation de deux nouveaux variants F17e-A et F17f-A de la piline et d'un nouveau variant F17-G3 de l'adhésine. Le variant F17f-A, qui correspond à une combinaison des variants F17c-A et F17d-A, a été identifié sur le plasmide Vir d'une souche NTEC2 isolée d'un veau diarrhéique. Identifiés respectivement chez des souches d'E. coli isolées de veaux diarrhéiques en Iran et une souche commensale bovine d'E. coli, les variant F17e-A et F17-G3 ont été recherchés et leurs supports génétiques caractérisés au sein de souches d'E. coli isolées de veaux sains et diarrhéiques, afin de déterminer leur association à la virulence. Alors que le gène codant le variant F17-G3 est exclusivement chromosomique ‒ détecté notamment au niveau d'un probable îlot de pathogénicité, le gène codant le variant F17e-A est chromosomique ou associé aux gènes codant les toxines CNF2 et CDT-III ‒ caractéristiques des souches NTEC2 ‒ sur des plasmides IncF appartenant à une même lignée. Ces résultats confirment le lien entre fimbriae F17 et NTEC2 et mettent en évidence le rôle évolutif de supports plasmidiques dans l'émergence de ce pathova

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La bactérie Escherichia coli, habituelle commensale de la microflore intestinale des mammifères, peut être responsable de diarrhées chez les veaux nouveaux-nés. Parmi les E. coli pathogènes chez le veau, les souches nécrotoxinogènes de type NTEC2 produisent des adhésines de la famille des fimbriae F17. Ces fimbriae sont caractérisés par un polymorphisme de leur piline F17A et de leur adhésine F17G, qui se traduit par l'expression de variants dont plusieurs n'ont pas encore été décrits. Cette thèse rapporte la caractérisation de deux nouveaux variants F17e-A et F17f-A de la piline et d'un nouveau variant F17-G3 de l'adhésine. Le variant F17f-A, qui correspond à une combinaison des variants F17c-A et F17d-A, a été identifié sur le plasmide Vir d'une souche NTEC2 isolée d'un veau diarrhéique. Identifiés respectivement chez des souches d'E. coli isolées de veaux diarrhéiques en Iran et une souche commensale bovine d'E. coli, les variant F17e-A et F17-G3 ont été recherchés et leurs supports génétiques caractérisés au sein de souches d'E. coli isolées de veaux sains et diarrhéiques, afin de déterminer leur association à la virulence. Alors que le gène codant le variant F17-G3 est exclusivement chromosomique ‒ détecté notamment au niveau d'un probable îlot de pathogénicité, le gène codant le variant F17e-A est chromosomique ou associé aux gènes codant les toxines CNF2 et CDT-III ‒ caractéristiques des souches NTEC2 ‒ sur des plasmides IncF appartenant à une même lignée. Ces résultats confirment le lien entre fimbriae F17 et NTEC2 et mettent en évidence le rôle évolutif de supports plasmidiques dans l'émergence de ce pathovarThe bacterium Escherichia coli is commonly found in the normal intestinal microflora in mammals but may be responsible for diarrhea outbreaks in newborn calves. Among pathogenic E. coli in calves, necrotoxigenic strains of NTEC2 type produce adhesins of the F17 fimbriae family. These fimbriae are composed of the polymorphic pilin F17A and adhesin F17G, for which several variants are unknown. In this thesis, the two new pilin variants F17e-A and F17f-A and the new adhesin variant F17-G3 were reported. F17f-A is a mix of the pilin variants F17c-A and F17d-A and was identified on a Vir plasmid in a NTEC2 strain isolated from a diarrheic calf. F17e-A and F17-G3 were identified in E. coli strains isolated from diarrheic calves in Iran and from a bovine commensal E. coli strain respectively. To determine their association to virulence, a screening of these variants was performed on E. coli strains isolated from healthy and diarrheic calves. The genetic carriage of these variants was also determined. The F17-G3 encoding gene was exclusively carried by bacterial chromosome, notably on a pathogenicity island. The F17e-A encoding gene was chromosomally located or in association with the encoding genes of the NTEC2 typical toxins CNF2 and CDT-III on IncF plasmids that belong to a same plasmidic family. These results confirm the link between F17 fimbriae and NTEC2 strains and underline the role of plasmids in NTEC2 pathovar evolution and appearanc

Divergent evolution of the repFII replicon of incF plasmids carrying cytotoxic necrotizing factor <em>cnf2</em>, cytolethal distending toxin <em>cdtIII</em>, and f17Ae fimbrial variant genes in type 2 necrotoxigenic escherichia coli isolates from calves

International audienceAmong the pathovars of Escherichia coli in cattle, necrotoxigenic E. coli (NTEC) is defined by the production of cytotoxic necrotizing factors (CNFs). In particular, type 2 NTEC (NTEC2) strains are frequent in diarrheic and septicemic calves and usually coproduce CNF type 2 (CNF2), cytolethal distending toxin type III (CDTIII), and fimbrial adhesins of the F17 family, whose genetic determinants have frequently been reported on the same Vir-like plasmid. In this study, we investigated the genetic environment of the cnf2, f17Ae, and cdtIII genes in a collection of fecal E. coli isolates recovered from 484 French and 58 Iranian calves. In particular, we highlighted the spread of cnf2, f17Ae, and cdtIII on similar 150-kb IncF plasmids harboring the newly assigned repFII replicon allele F74 in NTEC2 isolates. Interestingly, this 150-kb IncF plasmid differed from the 140-kb IncF plasmid harboring the newly assigned repFII replicon allele F75 and carrying cnf2 alone. These results suggest two divergent lineages of cnf2-carrying IncF plasmids depending on the presence of the f17Ae and cdtIII genes. This partition was observed in E. coli strains of unrelated backgrounds, suggesting two different evolutionary paths of cnf2-carrying IncF plasmids rather than divergent evolutions of NTEC2 clones. The driving forces for such divergent evolutions are not known, and further studies are required to clarify the selection of plasmid subtypes spreading virulence determinants in E. coli, in particular, plasmids of the IncF family

Identification and detection of three new F17 fimbrial variants in Escherichia coli strains isolated from cattle.

International audienceF17 fimbriae are produced by pathogenic Escherichia coli involved in diarrhea and septicemia outbreaks in calves and lambs. These proteins result from the expression of four different clustered genes, namely f17A, f17D, f17C and f17G, encoding a pilin protein, a periplasmic protein, an anchor protein and an adhesin protein, respectively. Several variants of f17A and f17G genes have been reported and found genetically associated with typical virulence factors of bovine pathogenic E. coli strains. In this study, a new F17e-A variant, closely related to F17b-A, was identified from a collection of 58 E. coli isolates from diarrheic calves in Iran. While highly prevalent in Iranian F17-producing clinical isolates from calves, this variant was rare among E. coli from a French healthy adult bovine population, suggesting a possible association with virulence. The f17Ae gene was also found in the genome of the Shiga-like toxin variant Stx1d-producing bovine E. coli strain MHI813, and belonged to a gene cluster also encoding a new F17-G3 variant, which greatly differed from F17-G1 and F17-G2. This gene cluster was located on a pathogenicity island integrated in the tRNA pheV gene. The gene coding for a third new F17f-A variant corresponding to a combination of F17c-A and F17d-A was also identified on the pVir68 plasmid in the bovine pathogenic E. coli strain 6.0900. In conclusion, we identified three new F17-A and F17-G variants in cattle E. coli, which may also have significant impact on the development of new diagnostics and vaccination tools