Rubber mill wastewater treatment using sequence batch Reactor in aerobic condition

A sequencing batch reactor (SBR) has certain advantages over conventional activated sludge processes (ASP) for the treatment of Rubber mill wastewater. The performance of a sequencing batch reactor in treating rubber mill wastewater effluents was investigated with a suspended biomass configuration and operating under aerobic conditions. Two reactors were used in this study with varying organic loading rates (OLR) and Hydraulic retention time (HRT). A total sequence of 24 h (15 min: filling phase; 23 h: reaction phase (aeration with recirculation); 30 min: setting; and 15 min: withdrawal) was employed and studied with various organic loading rates (0.047 kg COD/m3/day and 0.0933 kg COD/m3/day for reactor 1) and (0.1399 kg COD/m3/day and 0.1866 kg COD/m3/day for reactor 2). The SBR performance was assessed by means of Chemical oxygen demand (COD), Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), Zinc, Nitrogen removal and operational parameters such as pH, sludge volume (SV), suspended solids (SS) and volatile suspended solids (VSS), which were monitored during the reactors operation. The SBR showed relatively more efficient performance in treating the rubber wastewater about 81.24% and 74.81% COD respectively was removed and 91% and 90% BOD respectively was removed. A final zinc concentration of 0.4 mg/L and 0.98 mg/L were achieved in reactor 1 and 2 respectively

Car sharing as an alternative to car ownership: opportunities for carsharing organizations and low-income communities

Car sharing organizations (CSOs) have established themselves as a formal mode of transportation across the United States. These systems purport to offer their members the benefits of a private vehicle, without any of the accompanying pitfalls. Despite these benefits, low-income individuals are less likely to be a member of a CSO than higher-income individuals. This paper synthesizes the major transportation issues facing low-income individuals, explores possible opportunities between CSOs and low-income communities, and examines 7 CSOs for best practice in encouraging participation by low-income individuals. The findings show that when viewed as one piece of the transportation puzzle, CSOs can fill gaps in the transportation system and provide numerous benefits. With community partnerships, innovative solutions, and active outreach, CSOs can broaden awareness of carshare systems and facilitate increased usage among low-income individuals.Community and Regional PlanningPublic Affair

Establishing a mechanism for the effects of specific patterned electromagnetic fields at the molecular level using fragmented bacteria

Electromagnetic fields (EMF) are a physical property resulting from the movement of charged particles, have elicited behavioral changes. Changes at the microscopic level have yet to be observed. In the present study, the objective was to determine if EMFs have an effect on biological matter and to determine the mechanism producing the change. Bacterial species were an ideal candidate for this type of research, as their rapid growth permitted extensive experimentation. Four separate species of bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Serratia marcescens) were lysed to destroy their cellular integrity, exposed to one of three EMF conditions (Sham, Thomas-EMF, LTP-EMF) for 60 minutes, and analyzed using spectroscopic techniques. The effects of the EMFs were ascertained by analyzing the absorbance and fluorescence of biological matter pre and post treatment. Results demonstrated that there was approximately a 10-15% increase in absorbance for solutions exposed to an EMF condition compared to sham. The results indicate that the EMF exposure had no significant impact on the fluorescence of the biological matter within the solution. Biological matter from the different bacterial species had a significant impact on their fluorescence. Implications for these results regarding the theory of abiogenesis shall be discussed.Honours Essa

Rubber mill wastewater treatment using sequence batch Reactor in aerobic condition

A sequencing batch reactor (SBR) has certain advantages over conventional activated sludge processes (ASP) for the treatment of Rubber mill wastewater. The performance of a sequencing batch reactor in treating rubber mill wastewater effluents was investigated with a suspended biomass configuration and operating under aerobic conditions. Two reactors were used in this study with varying organic loading rates (OLR) and Hydraulic retention time (HRT). A total sequence of 24 h (15 min: filling phase; 23 h: reaction phase (aeration with recirculation); 30 min: setting; and 15 min: withdrawal) was employed and studied with various organic loading rates (0.047 kg COD/m3/day and 0.0933 kg COD/m3/day for reactor 1) and (0.1399 kg COD/m3/day and 0.1866 kg COD/m3/day for reactor 2). The SBR performance was assessed by means of Chemical oxygen demand (COD), Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), Zinc, Nitrogen removal and operational parameters such as pH, sludge volume (SV), suspended solids (SS) and volatile suspended solids (VSS), which were monitored during the reactors operation. The SBR showed relatively more efficient performance in treating the rubber wastewater about 81.24% and 74.81% COD respectively was removed and 91% and 90% BOD respectively was removed. A final zinc concentration of 0.4 mg/L and 0.98 mg/L were achieved in reactor 1 and 2 respectively

Spontaneous aggregation of non-living and living matter in aqueous environments subjected to a static electromagnetic field: potential link to the next step of abiogenesis

Exposing spring water isolated in darkness to a very powerful static magnetic field for 5 days without any disruption produced a greater amount of an aggregated crystalline precipitate than water alone. These aggregated crystals seemed to have formed a network at the water’s surface. This effect was not observed when using distilled water. Decreasing the volume of spring water diminished the amount of crystals produced. Placing a solution of spring water inside on an operating hot plate also produced a large amount of crystals, but these crystals resembled a powdered substance rather than a connected network. A similar effect involving the static magnetic field was also observed following a comparable paradigm using cells. A greater number of cells developed in plates of cell media exposed to the same powerful static magnetic field in the dark for 24 hours prior to the injection of cells when compared to plates of cell media not exposed to a magnet. These results, taken together along with quantitative calculations exploring the structure of the cell, suggest that electromagnetism in aqueous solutions may have played a larger role in the emergence of the organic from the inorganic, and this may have occurred by altering the structure of liquid water which subsequently influenced the organizing and structuring of the dissolved molecules within it.Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Biolog

Composition générique

Imaginez un monde où Mac Gyver ne bricolerait pas, ne sauterait du parapet dès le premier pont venu, sans ses compétences, une série sans générique, et sans musique… Une série fonctionne de pair avec son générique : placé à l’interface du flux télévisuel et de l’épisode, il établit le contrat de fiction entre héros et acteur. Objet d’identité visuelle, il constitue un discours sur la série, mais quelles sont les relations série/générique ? Si les outils de la sémiotique greimassienne standard fonctionnent à merveille : génèse du don du héros (Dead Zone), devenir du héros (L’homme qui valait trois milliards), présentation des adjuvants (Alias), ou des opposants (Smallville), ancrage référentiel (La croisière s’amuse), les génériques observent quant à eux, des règles d’agencement énonciatifs singuliers (macro et micro unités) réalisés avec différents matériaux. Alors que certains présentent une narration intertextuelle (Super Jammie vs. Steve Austin) d’autres pratiqueront une présentation extradiégétique (Desperate Housewives). Enfin, derrière l’évolution des nouveaux types de génériques, trois tendances identitaires sont à l’œuvre : intégration, dissimulation et surprise

A New Technique to Extract the Gate Bias Dependent S/D Series Resistance of Sub-100nm MOSFETs

International audienceIn this study, a new technique to extract the S/D series resistance (Rsd) from the total resistance versus transconductance gain plot Rtot(1/beta) is proposed. The technique only requires the measurement of Id(Vgs)|Vgt and beta, allowing fast and statistical analysis in an industrial context. Unlike the usual Rtot(L)-based techniques, it has the advantage of being insensitive to the channel length and mobility variations and finally enables to extract very accurate values for Rsd(Vgs) and the effective mobility reduction factor mueff(Vgt)/mueff(0)

On the Investigation of a Novel Dual-Control-Gate Floating Gate Transistor for VCO Applications

A new MOS device called Dual-Control Gate Floating Gate Transistor (DCG-FGT) is used as a building block in analog design. This device offers new approaches in circuit design and allows developing new functionalities through two operating modes: Threshold Voltage Adjustable Mode, where the DCG-FGT behaves like a MOS transistor with an electrically adjustable threshold voltage. Mixer Signal Mode where the DCG-FGT can mix two independent signals on its floating gate. This device is developed to be fully compliant with CMOS Non Volatile Memory (NVM) process. An electrical model of the DCG-FGT has been implemented in an electrical simulator to be available for analog design. A DCG-FGT based ring oscillator is studied in this paper

Generalization of the copper to late-transition-metal transmetallation to carbenes beyond N-heterocyclic carbenes

The authors gratefully acknowledge the Royal Society (University Research Fellowship to C.S.J.C.), the EPSRC (EP/J500549/1) and the DOE (DE-FG02-13ER16370) for financial support.Carbene transition-metal complexes have become a prevalent family of catalysts enabling numerous organic transformations. Their facile synthetic access is a matter of great importance. To this end, the CuI-NHC transfer methodology has emerged as a powerful alternative presenting attractive advantages over other methods. Herein, we report the remarkable ability of copper to transfer not only NHCs but also other types of carbenes such as abnormal NHCs (aNHCs), cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes (CAACs), and mesoionic carbenes (MICs) to various transition metal precursors.PostprintPeer reviewe

On the Investigation of a Novel Dual-Control-Gate Floating Gate Transistor for VCO Applications

A new MOS device called Dual-Control Gate Floating Gate Transistor (DCG-FGT) is used as a building block in analog design. This device offers new approaches in circuit design and allows developing new functionalities through two operating modes: Threshold Voltage Adjustable Mode, where the DCG-FGT behaves like a MOS transistor with an electrically adjustable threshold voltage. Mixer Signal Mode where the DCG-FGT can mix two independent signals on its floating gate. This device is developed to be fully compliant with CMOS Non Volatile Memory (NVM) process. An electrical model of the DCG-FGT has been implemented in an electrical simulator to be available for analog design. A DCG-FGT based ring oscillator is studied in this paper