A New Technique to Extract the Gate Bias Dependent S/D Series Resistance of Sub-100nm MOSFETs

International audienceIn this study, a new technique to extract the S/D series resistance (Rsd) from the total resistance versus transconductance gain plot Rtot(1/beta) is proposed. The technique only requires the measurement of Id(Vgs)|Vgt and beta, allowing fast and statistical analysis in an industrial context. Unlike the usual Rtot(L)-based techniques, it has the advantage of being insensitive to the channel length and mobility variations and finally enables to extract very accurate values for Rsd(Vgs) and the effective mobility reduction factor mueff(Vgt)/mueff(0)

Rubber mill wastewater treatment using sequence batch Reactor in aerobic condition

A sequencing batch reactor (SBR) has certain advantages over conventional activated sludge processes (ASP) for the treatment of Rubber mill wastewater. The performance of a sequencing batch reactor in treating rubber mill wastewater effluents was investigated with a suspended biomass configuration and operating under aerobic conditions. Two reactors were used in this study with varying organic loading rates (OLR) and Hydraulic retention time (HRT). A total sequence of 24 h (15 min: filling phase; 23 h: reaction phase (aeration with recirculation); 30 min: setting; and 15 min: withdrawal) was employed and studied with various organic loading rates (0.047 kg COD/m3/day and 0.0933 kg COD/m3/day for reactor 1) and (0.1399 kg COD/m3/day and 0.1866 kg COD/m3/day for reactor 2). The SBR performance was assessed by means of Chemical oxygen demand (COD), Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), Zinc, Nitrogen removal and operational parameters such as pH, sludge volume (SV), suspended solids (SS) and volatile suspended solids (VSS), which were monitored during the reactors operation. The SBR showed relatively more efficient performance in treating the rubber wastewater about 81.24% and 74.81% COD respectively was removed and 91% and 90% BOD respectively was removed. A final zinc concentration of 0.4 mg/L and 0.98 mg/L were achieved in reactor 1 and 2 respectively

Generalization of the copper to late-transition-metal transmetallation to carbenes beyond N-heterocyclic carbenes

The authors gratefully acknowledge the Royal Society (University Research Fellowship to C.S.J.C.), the EPSRC (EP/J500549/1) and the DOE (DE-FG02-13ER16370) for financial support.Carbene transition-metal complexes have become a prevalent family of catalysts enabling numerous organic transformations. Their facile synthetic access is a matter of great importance. To this end, the CuI-NHC transfer methodology has emerged as a powerful alternative presenting attractive advantages over other methods. Herein, we report the remarkable ability of copper to transfer not only NHCs but also other types of carbenes such as abnormal NHCs (aNHCs), cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes (CAACs), and mesoionic carbenes (MICs) to various transition metal precursors.PostprintPeer reviewe

Car sharing as an alternative to car ownership: opportunities for carsharing organizations and low-income communities

Car sharing organizations (CSOs) have established themselves as a formal mode of transportation across the United States. These systems purport to offer their members the benefits of a private vehicle, without any of the accompanying pitfalls. Despite these benefits, low-income individuals are less likely to be a member of a CSO than higher-income individuals. This paper synthesizes the major transportation issues facing low-income individuals, explores possible opportunities between CSOs and low-income communities, and examines 7 CSOs for best practice in encouraging participation by low-income individuals. The findings show that when viewed as one piece of the transportation puzzle, CSOs can fill gaps in the transportation system and provide numerous benefits. With community partnerships, innovative solutions, and active outreach, CSOs can broaden awareness of carshare systems and facilitate increased usage among low-income individuals.Community and Regional PlanningPublic Affair

Rubber mill wastewater treatment using sequence batch Reactor in aerobic condition

A sequencing batch reactor (SBR) has certain advantages over conventional activated sludge processes (ASP) for the treatment of Rubber mill wastewater. The performance of a sequencing batch reactor in treating rubber mill wastewater effluents was investigated with a suspended biomass configuration and operating under aerobic conditions. Two reactors were used in this study with varying organic loading rates (OLR) and Hydraulic retention time (HRT). A total sequence of 24 h (15 min: filling phase; 23 h: reaction phase (aeration with recirculation); 30 min: setting; and 15 min: withdrawal) was employed and studied with various organic loading rates (0.047 kg COD/m3/day and 0.0933 kg COD/m3/day for reactor 1) and (0.1399 kg COD/m3/day and 0.1866 kg COD/m3/day for reactor 2). The SBR performance was assessed by means of Chemical oxygen demand (COD), Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), Zinc, Nitrogen removal and operational parameters such as pH, sludge volume (SV), suspended solids (SS) and volatile suspended solids (VSS), which were monitored during the reactors operation. The SBR showed relatively more efficient performance in treating the rubber wastewater about 81.24% and 74.81% COD respectively was removed and 91% and 90% BOD respectively was removed. A final zinc concentration of 0.4 mg/L and 0.98 mg/L were achieved in reactor 1 and 2 respectively

Composition générique

Imaginez un monde où Mac Gyver ne bricolerait pas, ne sauterait du parapet dès le premier pont venu, sans ses compétences, une série sans générique, et sans musique… Une série fonctionne de pair avec son générique : placé à l’interface du flux télévisuel et de l’épisode, il établit le contrat de fiction entre héros et acteur. Objet d’identité visuelle, il constitue un discours sur la série, mais quelles sont les relations série/générique ? Si les outils de la sémiotique greimassienne standard fonctionnent à merveille : génèse du don du héros (Dead Zone), devenir du héros (L’homme qui valait trois milliards), présentation des adjuvants (Alias), ou des opposants (Smallville), ancrage référentiel (La croisière s’amuse), les génériques observent quant à eux, des règles d’agencement énonciatifs singuliers (macro et micro unités) réalisés avec différents matériaux. Alors que certains présentent une narration intertextuelle (Super Jammie vs. Steve Austin) d’autres pratiqueront une présentation extradiégétique (Desperate Housewives). Enfin, derrière l’évolution des nouveaux types de génériques, trois tendances identitaires sont à l’œuvre : intégration, dissimulation et surprise

Synthesis, structures and photoluminescence properties of silver complexes of cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes

Silver complexes of cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes (CAACs), (RL)nAgX (n = 1, X = Cl, Br, I; n = 2, X = OTf; R = Me2, Et2, or adamantyl) are accessible in high yields by reacting free carbenes with silver salts. The smaller carbene ligand Me2L leads to the formation of a mixture of neutral (Me2L)AgCl and cationic [(Me2L)2Ag]+ products. The transmetallation of (AdL)AgCl with copper and gold halides gives the corresponding copper and gold compounds (AdL)MCl (M = Cu and Au) in a clean and quantitative reaction. Whereas (Me2L)AgCl is monomeric in the solid state, (Et2L)AgCl crystallizes as a Cl-bridged dimer. None of the compounds show metal-metal interactions. The complexes show blue photoluminescence, which consists of a fluorescence component with a lifetime of several nanoseconds, as well as a long-lived emission in the microsecond regime