PENGARUH KUNJUNGAN WISATAWAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI KABUPATEN ACEH TENGAH

ABSTRAKJudul : Pengaruh Kunjungan Wisatawan Dalam Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Kabupaten Aceh TengahNama: Iwan BicerNim: 1301101010024Fakultas: Ekonomi dan Bisnis / Ekonomi PembangunanPembimbing: Dr. Eddy Gunawan, M.EcPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jumlah kunjungan Wisatawan dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi kabupaten Aceh Tengah, penelitian ini menggunakan variabel jumlah wisatawan mancanegara dan jumlah wisatawan nusantara sebagai variabel bebas dan PDRB sebagai pengukur pertumbuhan ekonomi sebagai variabel terikat. Model yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah ordinary least square (OLS). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa jumlah wisatawan mancanegara berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi, sedangkan jumlah wisatawan nusantara berpengarah positif tetapi tidak signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi dikabupaten Aceh tengah.Kata kunci: Pariwisata, Wisatawan, Pertumbuhan Ekonomi.ABSTRACKTitle : The Influence of Tourist Visits In Improving Economic Growth of Central Aceh DistrictName: Iwan BicerStudent ID: 1301101010024Faculty: Ekonomi dan Bisnis / Ekonomi PembangunanAdviser: Dr. Eddy Gunawan, M.EcThis study aims to determine the number of tourist visits in increasing the economic growth of Central Aceh district, this study using the variable number of foreign tourists and the number of domestic tourists as independent variables and GDP as a measure of economic growth as a dependent variable. The model used in this research is ordinary least square (OLS). The result shows that the number of foreign tourists has a positive and significant impact on economic growth, while the number of domestic tourists is positive but not significant to the economic growth in the district of central Aceh.Keywords: Tourism, Tourists, Economic Growth

CCL2 (MCP-1) Mediates Chronic Pelvic Pain Through Mast Cells in Experimental Autoimmune Cystitis

Interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS) is a chronic inflammatory bladder condition with unknown pathophysiology. Chronic pelvic pain is one of the most important and disturbing symptoms of IC/PBS, beside urinary frequency, urgency, and nocturia. Increased amounts of mast cells (MCs) and CCL2 have been found in bladder tissue and urine, respectively. Whether or not there is a causal relationship between CCL2, MCs, and pelvic pain in IC/PBS is unknown. Methods: Female BALB/c mice were immunized with a peptide consisting of residues 65-84 of the bladder urothelium-specific protein uroplakin 3A to induce experimental autoimmune cystitis (EAC), a model for human IC/PBS. Referred visceral pelvic pain was measured using von Frey monofilaments at different times after immunization. Lidocaine was instilled into the bladder, colon and uterus to locate the source of the pelvic pain. CCL2 expression in tissues was measured by qRT-PCR and ELISA, and MCs in the bladder were quantified by toluidine blue staining. An MC stabilizer (cromolyn sodium), histamine H1 receptor blocker (cetirizine), and histamine H2 receptor blocker (ranitidine) were administered orally to show the relation of MCs with the pain. CCL2-/- and CCR2-/- mice, and CCR2 (CCL2 receptor) antagonist treatment were used to delineate the causative effect of CCL2 on MC accumulation and chronic pelvic pain.Results: All mice immunized with the uroplakin 3A peptide developed pelvic pain within 5 days and up to 40 days after immunization. Lidocaine alleviated the pain only when it was installed into the bladder of EAC mice, confirming the bladder origin of the pain. The amounts of CCL2 mRNA and protein, and the numbers of MCs were markedly increased in bladder tissue up to 40 days after immunization with peptide compared with controls. Administrations of cromolyn sodium and ranitidine significantly decreased pelvic pain in the model. Moreover, immunization did not establish chronic pelvic pain or accumulation of MCs in MCP-1-/- or CCR2-/- mice, compa

Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy of Trace Components in Gas Mixtures for Breath Analysis and Environmental Applications

Cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) is a direct absorption technique, which provides high detection sensitivity of gas, liquid or solid phases. By using high reflectivity mirrors, the effective absorption path length can be increased up to the hundred-kilometer range. In this work, a single mode tunable CW laser source was used to achieve high sensitivity detection with a narrow line width. The light source is a distributed feedback (DFB) diode laser. By changing the temperature and the current of the diode laser, the output wavelength was tuned across the absorption line peaks of carbon dioxide, methane (COv2, CHv4) and acetone (CHv3COCHv3). In particular, the main goals of this study are the optimization of the detection sensitivity of the isotope ratio (^13C/^12C) of indoor COv2 and CHv4, exhaled acetone analysis for diagnosing diabetes and studying of the gas content of natural water. In this study, first, the ^13C/^12C ratio of COv2 and CHv4 for room air will be discussed. Second, the results on acetone absorption spectrum for diabetic and non-diabetic people will be presented. Third, a membrane gas separation system and spectroscopic analysis of gas content will be described

CCL2 (MCP-1) Mediates Chronic Pelvic Pain Through Mast Cells in Experimental Autoimmune Cystitis

Interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS) is a chronic inflammatory bladder condition with unknown pathophysiology. Chronic pelvic pain is one of the most important and disturbing symptoms of IC/PBS, beside urinary frequency, urgency, and nocturia. Increased amounts of mast cells (MCs) and CCL2 have been found in bladder tissue and urine, respectively. Whether or not there is a causal relationship between CCL2, MCs, and pelvic pain in IC/PBS is unknown. Methods: Female BALB/c mice were immunized with a peptide consisting of residues 65-84 of the bladder urothelium-specific protein uroplakin 3A to induce experimental autoimmune cystitis (EAC), a model for human IC/PBS. Referred visceral pelvic pain was measured using von Frey monofilaments at different times after immunization. Lidocaine was instilled into the bladder, colon and uterus to locate the source of the pelvic pain. CCL2 expression in tissues was measured by qRT-PCR and ELISA, and MCs in the bladder were quantified by toluidine blue staining. An MC stabilizer (cromolyn sodium), histamine H1 receptor blocker (cetirizine), and histamine H2 receptor blocker (ranitidine) were administered orally to show the relation of MCs with the pain. CCL2-/- and CCR2-/- mice, and CCR2 (CCL2 receptor) antagonist treatment were used to delineate the causative effect of CCL2 on MC accumulation and chronic pelvic pain.Results: All mice immunized with the uroplakin 3A peptide developed pelvic pain within 5 days and up to 40 days after immunization. Lidocaine alleviated the pain only when it was installed into the bladder of EAC mice, confirming the bladder origin of the pain. The amounts of CCL2 mRNA and protein, and the numbers of MCs were markedly increased in bladder tissue up to 40 days after immunization with peptide compared with controls. Administrations of cromolyn sodium and ranitidine significantly decreased pelvic pain in the model. Moreover, immunization did not establish chronic pelvic pain or accumulation of MCs in MCP-1-/- or CCR2-/- mice, compa

CCL2 (MCP-1) Mediates Chronic Pelvic Pain Through Mast Cells in Experimental Autoimmune Cystitis

Interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS) is a chronic inflammatory bladder condition with unknown pathophysiology. Chronic pelvic pain is one of the most important and disturbing symptoms of IC/PBS, beside urinary frequency, urgency, and nocturia. Increased amounts of mast cells (MCs) and CCL2 have been found in bladder tissue and urine, respectively. Whether or not there is a causal relationship between CCL2, MCs, and pelvic pain in IC/PBS is unknown. Methods: Female BALB/c mice were immunized with a peptide consisting of residues 65-84 of the bladder urothelium-specific protein uroplakin 3A to induce experimental autoimmune cystitis (EAC), a model for human IC/PBS. Referred visceral pelvic pain was measured using von Frey monofilaments at different times after immunization. Lidocaine was instilled into the bladder, colon and uterus to locate the source of the pelvic pain. CCL2 expression in tissues was measured by qRT-PCR and ELISA, and MCs in the bladder were quantified by toluidine blue staining. An MC stabilizer (cromolyn sodium), histamine H1 receptor blocker (cetirizine), and histamine H2 receptor blocker (ranitidine) were administered orally to show the relation of MCs with the pain. CCL2-/- and CCR2-/- mice, and CCR2 (CCL2 receptor) antagonist treatment were used to delineate the causative effect of CCL2 on MC accumulation and chronic pelvic pain.Results: All mice immunized with the uroplakin 3A peptide developed pelvic pain within 5 days and up to 40 days after immunization. Lidocaine alleviated the pain only when it was installed into the bladder of EAC mice, confirming the bladder origin of the pain. The amounts of CCL2 mRNA and protein, and the numbers of MCs were markedly increased in bladder tissue up to 40 days after immunization with peptide compared with controls. Administrations of cromolyn sodium and ranitidine significantly decreased pelvic pain in the model. Moreover, immunization did not establish chronic pelvic pain or accumulation of MCs in MCP-1-/- or CCR2-/- mice, compa

Dancers of the Book: Yemenite, Persian, and Kurdish Jewish Dance

Despite the cultural significance of dance in Jewish communities around the world, research into Middle Eastern Jewish dance outside of the modern nation-state of Israel is sorely under-researched. This article aims to help rectify this by focusing on Yemenite, Persian/Iranian, and Kurdish Jewish dance and explores how these dancers have functioned and been received within the societies they have been a part of. The methods that have gone into this article are a combination of analyzing primary source recorded dances and existing secondary source research into the dance of these communities. Through these methods, this article reveals how Yemenite, Iranian, and Kurdish Jewish dancers have navigated their lives, identities, and careers in environments where they have been variously marginalized, whether for their ethnic backgrounds and places of origin, their Jewish identities, or their adoption of dance as a profession. Regardless of the perceptions that these dancers’ community members may have of them, Yemenite, Iranian, and Kurdish Jewish dancers have demonstrated commendable resilience and fostered dance traditions that are not only culturally relevant and important in their own communities, but that have become significant to the broader societies that they are situated within as well

New Approaches to Frequent and Incremental Frequent Pattern Mining

Data Mining (DM) is a process for extracting interesting patterns from large volumes of data. It is one of the crucial steps in Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD). It involves various data mining methods that mainly fall into predictive and descriptive models. Descriptive models look for patterns, rules, relationships and associations within data. One of the descriptive methods is association rule analysis, which represents co-occurrence of items or events. Association rules are commonly used in market basket analysis. An association rule is in the form of X → Y and it shows that X and Y co-occur with a given level of support and confidence. Association rule mining is a common technique used in discovering interesting frequent patterns in large datasets acquired in various application domains. Having petabytes of data finding its way into data storages in perhaps every day, made many researchers look for efficient methods for analyzing these large datasets. Many algorithms have been proposed for searching for frequent patterns. The search space combinatorically explodes as the size of the source data increases. Simply using more powerful computers, or even super-computers to handle ever-increasing size of large data sets is not sufficient. Hence, incremental algorithms have been developed and used to improve the efficiency of frequent pattern mining. One of the challenges of frequent itemset mining is long running times of the algorithms. Two major costs of long running times of frequent itemset mining are due to the number of database scans and the number of candidates generated (the latter one requires memory, and the more the number of candidates there are the more memory space is needed. When the candidates do not fit in memory then page swapping will occur which will increase the running time of the algorithms). In this dissertation we propose a new implementation of Apriori algorithm, NCLAT (Near Candidate-less Apriori with Tidlists), which scans the database only once and creates candidates only for level one (1-itemsets) which is equivalent to the total number of unique items in the database. In addition, we also show the results of choice of data structures used whether they are probabilistic or not, whether the datasets are horizontal or vertical, how counting is done, whether the algorithms are computed single or parallel way. We implement, explore and devise incremental algorithm UWEP with single as well as parallel computation. We have also cleaned a minor bug in UWEP and created a more efficient version UWEP2, which reduces the number of candidates created and the number of database scans. We have run all of our tests against three datasets with different features for different minimum support levels. We show both frequent and incremental frequent itemset mining implementation test results and comparison to each other. While there has been a lot of work done on frequent itemset mining on structured data, very little work has been done on the unstructured data. So, we have created a new hybrid pattern search algorithm, Double-Hash, which performed better for all of our test scenarios than the known pattern search algorithms. Double-Hash can potentially be used in frequent itemset mining on unstructured data in the future. We will be presenting our work and test results on this as well

A Novel Coplanar Waveguide-Fed Compact Microstrip Antenna for Future 5G Applications

In this study, a coplanar waveguide-fed compact microstrip antenna design for applications operating at higher 5G bands was proposed. The antenna with the compact size of 8 x 12.2 mm2 on FR4 substrate, having the dielectric constant of 4.3 and the height of 1.55 mm, was considered. The dimensions of the radiating patch and ground plane were optimized with the use of artificial cooperative search (ACS) algorithm to provide the desired return loss performance of the designed antenna. The performance analysis was done by using full-wave electromagnetic package programs based on the method of moment (MoM) and the finite integration technique (FIT). The 10 dB bandwidth for return loss results obtained with the use of the computation methods show that the proposed antenna performs well for 5G applications operating in the 24.25 – 27.50 GHz, 26.50 – 29.50 GHz, 27.50 – 28.35 GHz and 37 – 40 GHz frequency bands