Field Emission and Radial Distribution Function Studies of Fractal-like Amorphous Carbon Nanotips

The short-range order of individual fractal-like amorphous carbon nanotips was investigated by means of energy-filtered electron diffraction in a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The nanostructures were grown in porous silicon substrates in situ within the TEM by the electron beam-induced deposition method. The structure factorS(k) and the reduced radial distribution functionG(r) were calculated. From these calculations a bond angle of 124° was obtained which suggests a distorted graphitic structure. Field emission was obtained from individual nanostructures using two micromanipulators with sub-nanometer positioning resolution. A theoretical three-stage model that accounts for the geometry of the nanostructures provides a value for the field enhancement factor close to the one obtained experimentally from the Fowler-Nordheim law

2016 National Nanotechnology Initiative Strategic Plan

The National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI), established in 2001, is now a collaboration of twenty Federal agencies and Cabinet-level departments with shared interests in nanotechnology research, development, and commercialization. These agencies recognize that the ability to understand and harness the novel phenomena that occur at the nanoscale is already leading to revolutionary new materials, devices, and structures. These advances promise to improve human health and quality of life, enhance the U.S. economy, boost job creation, and strengthen our national defense. Since the inception of the NNI, these agencies have invested more than $23 billion in support of cutting-edge research; world-class user facilities for characterization, modeling, and fabrication; and the responsible transfer of nanotechnology-based products from lab to market. As a result of these investments, nanotechnology has become ubiquitous in our daily lives and can be found in a wide variety of commercial products including healthcare products, cosmetics, consumer electronics, apparel, and automobiles. Nanotechnology is poised to revolutionize the way we diagnose and treat diseases such as cancer, help us improve our fitness, and reduce our energy consumption. Under the 21st 15 Century Nanotechnology Research and Development Act of 2003, NNI agencies are required to develop an updated NNI Strategic Plan every three years. This document represents a consensus among NNI agencies on the high-level goals and priorities of the initiative and on specific objectives to be pursued over at least the next three years. The plan provides the framework under which individual agencies conduct their own mission-specific nanotechnology programs, coordinate these activities with those of other NNI agencies, and collaborate

Effects of Irradiation on Porous Silicon

Besides the well-known effect of photoluminescence, the impinging of photons and other kinds of particles such as electrons, ions, and muons on porous silicon produces important effects. Some of these effects can modify the structure and properties of the material, distorting the interpretation of data based on the use of irradiation. Some of the irradiation effects are useful in different applications such as photodynamic therapy or display applications. This work is a review of the effects of irradiation on porous silicon.Fil: Koropecki, Roberto Roman. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Física del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Física del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Arce, Roberto Delio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Física del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Física del Litoral; Argentin