Effects of feed refreshing frequency on growth and carcass characteristics of Awassi lambs

Sixty, two-month old male Awassi lambs were used in this study to investigate the effects of feed refreshing (FR) frequencies on their growth and carcass characteristics over a period of 65 days. Treatments were: Feed refreshing at 2 h (FR2), 4 h (FR4), 8 h (FR8), 12 h (FR12) and 24 h (FR24) intervals. The lambs were fed individually. At the onset of each refreshing period the lambs were offered fresh feed ad libitum. Daily feed intakes, weekly live weights and carcass characteristics were recorded. Daily feed intakes per lamb per treatment were: 1.13 kg, 1.05 kg, 1.00 kg, 0.98 kg and 0.95 kg; daily gains were 193.6 g, 180.6 g, 148.6 g, 169.3 g and 146.4 g; feed conversion ratios (kg feed/kg gain) were 6.1, 6.7, 7.2, 7.2 and 7.5; hot carcass weights were 13.0 kg, 13.1 kg, 12.1 kg, 13.3 kg and 13.1 kg; dressing percentages were 42.3%, 42.4%, 39.9%, 40.2% and 41.2%; the proportion of muscle in the carcass was 52.0%, 55.2%, 55.6%, 55.8% and 54.8%; bone ratio was 20.4%, 20.3%, 21.9%, 21.1% and 20.9%; subcutaneous fat ratio was 16.9%, 14.2%, 12.9%, 12.7% and 14.0% and intramuscular fat ratio was 8.8%, 7.1%, 6.8%, 8.7% and 7.7% in FR2, FR4, FR8, FR12 and FR24 treatments, respectively. Results showed that frequent feed refreshing stimulated feed intake and daily gain without affecting carcass characteristics. Keywords: Lamb, feeding system, daily gain, body componentsSouth African Journal of Animal Science Vol. 37 (4) 2007: pp. 248-25

Roles of inventory and reserve capacity in mitigating supply chain disruption risk

This research focuses on managing disruption risk in supply chains using inventory and reserve capacity under stochastic demand. While inventory can be considered as a speculative risk mitigation lever, reserve capacity can be used in a reactive fashion when a disruption occurs. We determine optimal inventory levels and reserve capacity production rates for a firm that is exposed to supply chain disruption risk. We fully characterize four main risk mitigation strategies: inventory strategy, reserve capacity strategy, mixed strategy and passive acceptance. We illustrate how the optimal risk mitigation strategy depends on product characteristics (functional versus innovative) and supply chain characteristics (agile versus efficient). This work is inspired from a risk management problem of a leading pharmaceutical company

Attitude of the school of fine arts and sportschools students in the sport departments towards the quantitative classes (Sample Elazig)

Tutum ve davranış, genelde bir kimsenin ele alınan bir nesneye, bir duruma ya da olaya karşı olan olumlu veya olumsuz tavrı olarak kabul edilir. Bu bağlamda eğitim ise, bireyleri ve toplumları amaçlı, düzgün bir yaşam biçimine ulaştırma; sahip olunan bilgi, beceri ve değerleri planlı bir şekilde bir sonraki kuşağa aktarma ve bu arada insan davranışlarını yaşantılar yoluyla değiştirme süreci olarak ifade edilir. Öğrencinin olumlu bir tutum kazanmasında, başarı kimliğini geliştirmesinde, değişim odağının kendisi olduğunu fark etmesinde tutum ve davranışlarının etkisi büyüktür. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Güzel Sanatlar ve Spor Liseleri spor bölümü öğrencilerinin fen ve matematik derslerine karşı tutumlarının tespit edilmesini sağlamaktır. Araştırmanın evreni, Güzel Sanatlar ve Spor Liseleri spor bölümü öğrencileridir. Örneklemi Elazığ Güzel Sanatlar ve Spor Lisesinde yapılmış ; 73’ ü erkek , 43’ ü kız toplam 116 öğrenci araştırmaya konu edilmiştir. Araştırma sonunda veriler SPSS 15.0 programında analiz edilmiş, verilerin istatistiki anlamda geçerliliği için 0,05 anlamlılık düzeyi kabul edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak bu çalışmada; öğrencilerin, fizik ve matematik gibi sayısal derslerin zor olduğu düşüncesinden hareketle ‘Ben zaten başarılı olamam!’ önyargısını taşıdıkları görülmüştür. Bu anlayış onların derslere karşı olan ilgisizliğine ve dolayısıyla başarısızlıklarına zemin hazırlamıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarından biri de müsabakalar öncesindeki hazırlanma dönemleri ile il dışı turnuvalara katılımların öğrencilerin sayısal derslerdeki motivasyonlarını olumsuz olarak etkilediği gerçeğidir.Attitudes and behaviours are usually considered as a positive or negative attitude towards an object which is dealt with, a situation or an event of any person. And the education in this context, however, can be expressed as a process of taking forward the individuals and the communities to a proper way of life with a purpose and of conveying the attained knowledge, skills and values in a planned way to the next generation and in the meantime as the changing process of the human behaviours through experiences. The behaviours of teachers have a significant impact in having the students gain a positive attitude, in developing their success identity, in having the student be aware that s/he himself is the centre of the change. The purpose of this study is to determine the attitudes of the students of sports departments at Fine Arts and Sports High Schools towards the science and mathematics classes. The population of the study are the students of the Sports departments at the Fine Arts and Sports High Schools. And the sampling are the Elazig Fine Arts and Sports High School, the total of 116 persons, of which 73 per cent were male and 43 per cent were female students. At the end of the research the data were analysed using SPSS 15.0 program, and the significance level of 0.05 was adopted for the validity of the data in statistical terms. As a result of this study, it was observed that the students in general were prejudiced against science and math classes with the idea that they could not be successful. In addition, based on the idea that the courses were difficult, it was observed that they also were indifferent towards these courses. It was understood that preparing for sports competitions and going out of the province for tournaments, negatively affected their motivation in the quantitative classes

Analysis of basic value levels of sport high school and general high school students according to receiving physical education and sports courses

The aim of this study was to analyze basic value level of Anatolian Sport High School and General High School students according to their receiving Physical Education and Sports courses. As 296 girls and 324 boys from General High School and 84 boys and 49 girls from Anatolian High School students, totally 753 students participated in research. In order to collect data related to independent and dependent variables, “Personal Information Form” and “Portrait Values Scale” were applied to high school students. Research data was evaluated by using Independent Sample T Test with statistics packet program. According to research results, meaningful difference in support of General High School was found at humanistic basic values which Power, Success, Excitement, Self-Management, Universalism, Benevolence, Compliance and Safety related to sub dimension according to Anatolian Sport High School and General High School students school types. Besides it was found that total points related to basic values vary according to gender and meaningful differences were found for the benefit of the girls. Meaningful differences were not found at Hedonism and Conventionalism sub levels

Multidisciplinary Treatment of an Untreated Young Adult Patient with Unilateral Complete Cleft Lip and Palate

We present the multidisciplinary treatment of a young adult patient with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate (UCLP). The patient with UCLP was 17 years old and had not applied for treatment before. He presented with a concave profile, lateral crossbite and a tete-a-tete overbite. After initial orthodontic treatment the patient’s cleft lip and nose and afterwards his palate were operated on. During the orthodontic treatment the patient had a negative overjet of 6 mm, a residuel fistule in soft palate, maxillary and secondary nose base deficiency, also a severe alveolar cleft in the premaxilla. To fix these problems, the patient’s maxilla was advanced by applying a Lefort-1 osteotomy, the secondary fistule in the soft palate was operated on and the alveolar defect was grafted with a biocollagen membrane, cansellous block graft and cansellous granular graft. The orthodontic treatment lasted 1 year following the orthognathic surgery. At the end of the orthodontic treatment Class I molar relationship was achieved on the right side and full Class II on the left side and also a 1 mm overjet and overbite. After a period of retention of 1.5 years some relapse occurred and delayed prosthetic treatment was performed by applying an adhesive bridge. Late term multidisciplinary treatment gave the UCLP patient a good appearance as well as psychological and social benefits

Aortic distensibility and coronary artery bypass graft patency

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Aortic distensibility is an elasticity index of the aorta, and reflects aortic stiffness. Coronary artery disease has been found to be substantially associated with increased aortic stiffness. In this study we aimed to retrospectively analyze the association of angiographically determined aortic distensibility with the patency rates of coronary bypass grafts</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The study was conducted in the Cardiology department of the Applied Research Centre for Health of Uludağ University. The coronary angiograms of 53 consecutive coronary bypass patients were analysed retrospectively. Aortic distensibility was calculated using the formula: 2 × (change in aortic diameter)/(diastolic aortic diameter) × (change in aortic pressure). The number of stenosed and patent bypass grafts and the patient characteristics like age, risk factors were noted.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>There were 44 male (83%) and 9 female (17%) cases. Eighteen cases had only one saphenous vein grafting. The number of cases with two, three and four saphenous grafting were 18, 11 and 1; respectively. In the control angiograms the number of cases with one, two, three and four saphenous vein graft obstruction were 15 (31.3%), 7 (14.6%), 1 (2.1%) and 1 (2.1%) respectively. The aortic distensibility did not differ in cases with and without saphenous graft occlusion (p > 0.05). Also left internal mammary artery (LIMA) graft patency was not related to the distensibility of the aorta (p > 0.05). We also evaluated the data for cut-off values of 50 and 70 mmHg of pulse pressure and did not see any significant difference between the groups in terms of saphenous or LIMA grafts.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>In this study we failed to show association of angiographically determined aortic distensibility with coronary bypass graft patency in consecutive 53 patients with coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG).</p

Age- and region-specific hepatitis B prevalence in Turkey estimated using generalized linear mixed models: a systematic review

Toy M, Önder FO, Wörmann T, et al. Age- and region-specific hepatitis B prevalence in Turkey estimated using generalized linear mixed models: a systematic review. BMC infectious diseases. 2011;11(1): 337.BACKGROUND: To provide a clear picture of the current hepatitis B situation, the authors performed a systematic review to estimate the age- and region-specific prevalence of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in Turkey. METHODS: A total of 339 studies with original data on the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in Turkey and published between 1999 and 2009 were identified through a search of electronic databases, by reviewing citations, and by writing to authors. After a critical assessment, the authors included 129 studies, divided into categories: 'age-specific'; 'region-specific'; and 'specific population group'. To account for the differences among the studies, a generalized linear mixed model was used to estimate the overall prevalence across all age groups and regions. For specific population groups, the authors calculated the weighted mean prevalence. RESULTS: The estimated overall population prevalence was 4.57, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.58, 5.76, and the estimated total number of CHB cases was about 3.3 million. The outcomes of the age-specific groups varied from 2.84, (95% CI: 2.60, 3.10) for the 0-14-year olds to 6.36 (95% CI: 5.83, 6.90) in the 25-34-year-old group. CONCLUSION: There are large age-group and regional differences in CHB prevalence in Turkey, where CHB remains a serious health problem